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Worksheetssocial 1
Total questions: 116
Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Social psychology is best defined as the scientific study of how people:
a)
Differ across cultures
b)
Think about, influence, and relate to one another
c)
Develop mental illnesses
d)
Adapt to physical environments
2.
Compared with sociology, social psychology focuses more on:
a)
Groups and institutions
b)
Social structures
c)
Individuals and their interactions
d)
Historical social trends
3.
Compared with personality psychology, social psychology focuses more on:
a)
Stable traits of individuals
b)
Differences among individuals
c)
How individuals in general view and affect one another
d)
Biological bases of behavior
4.
The first social psychology experiments were conducted around:
a)
1798
b)
1840
c)
1898
d)
1930
5.
Social psychology began to take its modern form during which decade?
a)
1900s
b)
1930s
c)
1950s
d)
1970s
6.
Social psychology became a vibrant field mainly after:
a)
The American Civil War
b)
The First World War
c)
The Second World War
d)
The Cold War
7.
Stanley Milgram’s obedience studies (1974) investigated:
a)
Prejudice and stereotypes
b)
How people obey authority even when asked to harm others
c)
Group decision-making processes
d)
Attraction and love
8.
The example of spouses interpreting a remark differently demonstrates:
a)
Social norms
b)
Cognitive dissonance
c)
The self-fulfilling nature of social beliefs
d)
Social facilitation
9.
The Toronto 1987 armoured truck incident illustrates questions about:
a)
Aggression
b)
Helpfulness vs. selfishness
c)
Social learning
d)
Groupthink
10.
Social psychologists study topics such as:
a)
Weather patterns
b)
Attitudes, conformity, love, and hate
c)
Genetic mutations
d)
Industrial production
11.
According to Kurt Lewin, behaviour is a function of:
a)
Personality traits alone
b)
The person and the situation
c)
Biological instincts
d)
Cultural traditions only
12.
The principle “we construct our social reality” means that:
a)
People always perceive situations in the same way
b)
Our perceptions and interpretations shape how we experience events
c)
Reality is fixed and unchanging
d)
Behaviour is driven solely by genetics
13.
The Cinderella vs. stepsister example illustrates how:
a)
Fairytales influence behaviour
b)
Culture and identity affect perception
c)
People cannot agree on facts
d)
Memory is unreliable
14.
The study of intersectionality in social psychology examines:
a)
The overlap of political ideologies
b)
How multiple identities interact to shape social experience
c)
The effect of one’s age on social media use
d)
How memory intersects with perception
15.
When we attribute repeated rude comments to someone’s personality, we are engaging in:
a)
Situational attribution
b)
Personality inference (dispositional attribution)
c)
Social loafing
d)
Groupthink
16.
Which idea highlights that our interpretations of ourselves (optimism, control, superiority) shape our emotions and actions?
a)
Self-construal matters
b)
Learned helplessness
c)
Attribution theory
d)
Behaviorism
17.
The concept of “dual processing” refers to:
a)
Two types of personality traits
b)
Conscious/deliberate and automatic/unconscious thinking
c)
Thinking vs. feeling
d)
Group vs. individual decision-making
18.
A gambler relying on “gut feelings” at the table is an example of:
a)
Controlled processing
b)
Social norms
c)
Intuition guiding behaviour
d)
Cognitive dissonance
19.
Which of the following is a danger of relying too heavily on intuition?
a)
It always improves judgment
b)
It makes memory more accurate
c)
We often mispredict our future feelings
d)
It guarantees objectivity
20.
Social psychology shows that during crises (wars, disasters) people may:
a)
Always act selfishly
b)
Always follow their values
c)
Show cruelty or generosity depending on the situation
d)
Avoid social influence
21.
Which of the following best illustrates cultural influence on behaviour?
a)
Same-sex attitudes varying across regions
b)
Biological reflexes
c)
Individual heart rate
d)
Childhood reflexes
22.
Hazel Markus (2005) emphasized that people are:
a)
Innately selfish
b)
Biologically predetermined
c)
Above all, malleable
d)
Resistant to change
23.
Which of the following illustrates how internal forces shape behaviour?
a)
Political attitudes influencing voting
b)
Clothing styles changing with culture
c)
Peer pressure in large groups
d)
Economic trends
24.
Personality dispositions affect behaviour because:
a)
All people react the same way to situations
b)
Different people may respond differently to the same situation
c)
Situations always override personality
d)
Biology determines everything
25.
Nelson Mandela’s post-prison attitude of reconciliation is an example of:
a)
Social influence
b)
A personality disposition
c)
A biological reflex
d)
Learned helplessness
26.
Evolutionary psychology emphasizes that:
a)
Behaviour is unrelated to survival
b)
Traits that aided survival and reproduction shape behaviour
c)
Culture alone determines behaviour
d)
Only social learning explains behaviour
27.
Which field investigates the brain processes underlying social behaviours?
a)
Behaviourism
b)
Humanistic psychology
c)
Social neuroscience
d)
Structuralism
28.
Which statement best reflects the bio-psycho-social view?
a)
Biology alone explains behaviour
b)
Mind and body operate as separate systems
c)
Behaviour reflects biological, psychological, and social influences
d)
Only culture shapes social action
29.
A dose of oxytocin tends to:
a)
Decrease trust
b)
Increase trust
c)
Increase aggression
d)
Lower self-esteem
30.
Feeling left out in social interactions has been shown to:
a)
Increase physical strength
b)
Elevate blood pressure
c)
Improve memory
d)
Lower hormone levels
31.
Kip Williams’ ball-tossing experiment showed that being excluded:
a)
Boosts self-esteem
b)
Has no measurable effect
c)
Causes drops in self-esteem and feelings of misery
d)
Encourages aggression in all participants
32.
According to Leary & Baumeister, self-esteem reflects:
a)
Independent personality traits
b)
How accepted we feel by others
c)
Purely biological drives
d)
Our cognitive dissonance
33.
Relating to others is considered:
a)
A luxury, not a necessity
b)
A basic human need
c)
Only culturally important
d)
Unrelated to self-esteem
34.
One key application of social psychology is:
a)
Predicting earthquakes
b)
Improving judicial procedures and juror decisions
c)
Studying chemical reactions
d)
Developing vaccines
35.
Which statement best describes the role of values in social psychology?
a)
Social psychology is free from values
b)
Values influence both research topics and interpretations
c)
Values never affect science
d)
Values determine what is fact
36.
An example of values shaping research topics is:
a)
Studying prejudice during WWII
b)
Studying physics in the 1800s
c)
Conducting lab experiments on rats
d)
Mapping the human genome
37.
The rise of conformity studies in the 1950s reflected:
a)
Interest in evolutionary theory
b)
The social context of look-alike fashions and suburban living
c)
A focus on neuroscience
d)
Growth of technology
38.
Feminist critiques in the 1980s revealed that:
a)
Gender differences were entirely biological
b)
Some assumptions in social psychology reflected unexamined biases
c)
Stereotypes are always accurate
d)
Conformity research had no value
39.
The concept of “social identity theory” emerged more prominently in:
a)
Europe
b)
North America
c)
Australia
d)
Africa
40.
North American social psychologists traditionally focused more on:
a)
Nationalism
b)
Groups and collective identity
c)
Individuals and interpersonal processes
d)
Historical sociology
41.
The term “social representations” refers to:
a)
Economic data
b)
Shared, often unexamined cultural assumptions
c)
Personality traits
d)
Group conflict resolution
42.
Labelling someone a “terrorist” vs. a “freedom fighter” illustrates:
a)
Attribution error
b)
Hidden values in language
c)
Personality inference
d)
Social facilitation
43.
Which of the following is an example of hidden values in psychology?
a)
Calling someone “high self-esteem” vs. “defensive”
b)
Measuring height and weight
c)
Counting reaction times
d)
Recording brain scans
44.
The naturalistic fallacy occurs when:
a)
Scientists confuse description (“is”) with prescription (“ought”)
b)
People use intuition instead of logic
c)
Researchers collect biased samples
d)
People deny group differences
45.
Which philosopher highlighted the gap between “is” and “ought” over 200 years ago?
a)
Plato
b)
Aristotle
c)
David Hume
d)
Karl Marx
46.
When we call behaviour “mentally ill” or “well-adjusted,” we are:
a)
Making purely objective statements
b)
Expressing value judgments
c)
Using only biological evidence
d)
Avoiding subjectivity
47.
Which statement about science and subjectivity is correct?
a)
Science is purely objective
b)
Subjectivity is a flaw that invalidates science
c)
Recognizing bias is why diverse perspectives in research are valuable
d)
Science cannot overcome personal values
48.
Systematic observation and experimentation are important because they:
a)
Eliminate values entirely
b)
Reinforce cultural biases
c)
Help check and restrain biases
d)
Replace facts with opinions
49.
A frequent criticism of social psychology is that it is:
a)
Too objective
b)
Only common sense
c)
Irrelevant to daily life
d)
Too mathematical
50.
Why does social psychology sometimes seem “trivial”?
a)
Because it studies rare behaviours
b)
Because findings can feel obvious in hindsight
c)
Because it avoids social issues
d)
Because it is based only on surveys
51.
Which paradoxical pair of criticisms does social psychology face?
a)
It is either too hard or too easy
b)
It is trivial or dangerous
c)
It is biased or irrelevant
d)
It is too recent or too old
52.
What is hindsight bias often called?
a)
The bias blind spot
b)
The illusion of control
c)
The “I-knew-it-all-along” phenomenon
d)
The gambler’s fallacy
53.
Hindsight bias means that events appear:
a)
Random and confusing
b)
More obvious after we know the outcome
c)
Impossible to explain
d)
Predictable only before they happen
54.
In studies of Olympic athletes, who reported greater joy?
a)
Gold medallists
b)
Silver medallists
c)
Bronze medallists
d)
All equally
55.
What does research show about wealth and happiness?
a)
More wealth always produces more happiness
b)
Wealth never influences happiness
c)
After basic needs are met, more money has diminishing returns
d)
Wealth predicts happiness equally in all countries
56.
Which type of goals tends to correlate with lower well-being?
a)
Intrinsic goals (growth, intimacy, contribution)
b)
Extrinsic goals (wealth, beauty, popularity)
c)
Altruistic goals
d)
Educational goals
57.
Why does common sense often feel accurate after the fact?
a)
People ignore science
b)
People invent new theories
c)
People rely on proverbs for all situations
d)
Outcomes seem obvious once known
58.
Which example illustrates hindsight bias?
a)
Predicting a storm using weather data
b)
Believing you always “knew” a test would be hard after failing
c)
Winning a lottery unexpectedly
d)
Forgetting someone’s name
59.
What conclusion does the text make about common sense?
a)
It is always wrong
b)
It is always right
c)
It is usually right after the fact, but not predictive
d)
It makes science unnecessary
60.
Why do we need science in social psychology?
a)
To make values objective
b)
To sift reality from illusion and genuine predictions from hindsight
c)
To replace philosophy entirely
d)
To confirm that common sense is always true
61.
1. In social science, a theory is best described as:
a)
A single observation
b)
An integrated set of principles that explain and predict events
c)
A casual guess
d)
A proven fact
62.
2. A hypothesis is:
a)
A summary of established facts
b)
A testable prediction implied by a theory
c)
A mathematical proof
d)
An untestable opinion
63.
3. Operationalization refers to:
a)
Predicting outcomes from theory
b)
Translating theoretical variables into specific, measurable operations
c)
Generalizing findings to other cultures
d)
Choosing a statistical test
64.
4. Validity of a measure means it:
a)
Produces consistent results across time
b)
Accurately represents the theoretical concept
c)
Is free from all bias
d)
Is inexpensive to collect
65.
5. Reliability of a measure means it:
a)
Accurately represents the concept
b)
Produces consistent, repeatable results
c)
Is unbiased across cultures
d)
Always predicts causation
66.
6. Which research method can establish cause-effect relationships?
a)
Correlational research
b)
Experimental research (with manipulation and control)
c)
Case studies
d)
Naturalistic observation
67.
7. Correlational research primarily allows researchers to:
a)
Prove causation
b)
Detect natural associations and make predictions
c)
Manipulate variables to test effects
d)
Eliminate all confounds
68.
8. The correlation coefficient r can range from:
a)
−100 to +100
b)
−1.0 to +1.0
c)
0 to +1.0 only
d)
−10 to +10
69.
9. If self-esteem and depression correlate at r = −0.6, this indicates:
a)
As self-esteem rises, depression tends to fall (moderate negative relation)
b)
No relationship between them
c)
As self-esteem rises, depression tends to rise
d)
A perfect inverse relationship
70.
10. A plausible “third-variable” explanation for the diet-soda/obesity correlation is:
a)
Diet soda chemically causes weight gain
b)
Being overweight causes people to choose diet soda
c)
An underlying unhealthy diet explains both diet-soda consumption and obesity
d)
Random measurement error
71.
11. Which explanation is an example of reverse causality for the diet-soda/obesity link?
a)
Diet soda causes increased appetite
b)
Overweight people drink diet soda to lose weight (weight → soda)
c)
A third variable explains both
d)
None of the above
72.
12. Longitudinal research differs from a one-time correlational study because it:
a)
Randomly assigns participants to conditions
b)
Follows the same people over time to observe sequences (helps infer temporal order)
c)
Always manipulates variables
d)
Is always done in the lab
73.
13. Operationalizing “crowd” as “20 strangers in a small room” mainly raises questions about:
a)
Reliability
b)
Validity (does this capture the theoretical concept of crowd?)
c)
Sample size
d)
Statistical power
74.
14. Asking participants in a study to administer punishing shocks (as a measure) is an example of:
a)
A theoretical claim
b)
An operational variable for the construct “extreme violence”
c)
A correlational index
d)
A purely observational measure
75.
15. One major strength of correlational research is that it:
a)
Proves cause and effect
b)
Often occurs in real-world settings and can examine factors (e.g., race, sex) that cannot be experimentally manipulated
c)
Eliminates the need for experiments
d)
Guarantees no confounds
76.
16. When scientific theories are discarded, it is usually because they are:
a)
Proven absolutely false
b)
Replaced by newer, better models that summarize more observations or make clearer predictions
c)
Ignored for political reasons
d)
Never replaced
77.
What is the purpose of taking a random sample in survey research?
a)
To ensure every subgroup has representation proportional to the population
b)
To include only volunteers who are interested
c)
To choose people with specific opinions
d)
To speed up data collection
78.
How many randomly selected participants are typically needed to describe a population with 95% confidence and ±3% error margin?
a)
500
b)
1200
c)
2000
d)
800
79.
Which of the following is NOT a source of bias in survey research?
a)
Order of questions
b)
Social desirability
c)
Random sampling
d)
Wording of questions
80.
What is social desirability in survey research?
a)
Lying intentionally to confuse the researcher
b)
Answering to reflect what one wants others to hear or believe
c)
Randomly guessing answers
d)
Giving the most extreme answer possible
81.
Which of these can influence survey responses depending on the season or question context?
a)
Response reliability
b)
Order and timing of questions
c)
Sampling method
d)
Operationalization
82.
What is the main limitation of correlational research?
a)
It can’t detect relationships
b)
It cannot establish cause and effect
c)
It is always conducted in a lab
d)
It does not require hypotheses
83.
In experiments, what is the independent variable?
a)
The variable that is measured
b)
The variable that is manipulated
c)
The variable that is random
d)
The variable that is ignored
84.
In the obesity study by Snyder & Haugen, what was the independent variable?
a)
Men’s income
b)
Women’s actual weight
c)
The photo shown of the woman’s weight
d)
Men’s education level
85.
Why are experiments often preferred over correlational studies to study cause-effect?
a)
They are faster to conduct
b)
They allow researchers to manipulate variables while controlling others
c)
They do not require consent
d)
They avoid all bias
86.
In the TV violence study, what was the dependent variable?
a)
Number of episodes watched
b)
Aggressive acts committed by children
c)
Age of the children
d)
Type of TV program
87.
What is random assignment in experiments?
a)
Assigning participants based on convenience
b)
Assigning participants randomly to different conditions
c)
Assigning participants by age
d)
Allowing participants to choose their condition
88.
Which factor can affect survey responses if the question asks “Do you agree that 16-year-olds should have the right to vote?” vs. “Don’t you agree that the voting age should be lowered to 16?”
a)
Sampling method
b)
Wording of the question
c)
Random assignment
d)
Longitudinal tracking
89.
Why do survey researchers use implicit measures?
a)
To trick participants
b)
To reduce social desirability bias
c)
To manipulate variables
d)
To increase sample size
90.
What does longitudinal research help determine in correlational studies?
a)
Causality by observing which events precede others
b)
Random sampling techniques
c)
Wording of survey questions
d)
Lab-based control
91.
In social psychology experiments, why is control important?
a)
To manipulate one or two variables while holding everything else constant
b)
To ensure every participant answers honestly
c)
To reduce sample size
d)
To increase correlation strength
92.
What is the primary purpose of random assignment in experiments?
a)
To ensure ethical treatment of participants
b)
To create equivalent groups by eliminating extraneous factors
c)
To measure social desirability bias
d)
To replicate previous findings
93.
How does random assignment differ from random sampling?
a)
Random assignment helps generalize to a population; random sampling infers cause
b)
Random assignment infers cause; random sampling generalizes to a population
c)
Both achieve the same goals
d)
Both are used to replicate experiments
94.
Why is true experimental manipulation sometimes impossible?
a)
Ethical restrictions prevent assigning participants to harmful conditions
b)
Lack of funding
c)
Participants’ unwillingness to comply
d)
Complexity of statistical analysis
95.
What is the main goal of replication studies?
a)
To improve experimental realism
b)
To confirm whether original results are reproducible
c)
To eliminate all bias in surveys
d)
To increase social desirability
96.
Which method analyzes results across many studies to find the average effect?
a)
Meta-analysis
b)
Observational study
c)
Random assignment
d)
Longitudinal survey
97.
What does experimental realism require?
a)
Participants consciously play-act the scenario
b)
Participants are absorbed and involved, experiencing real psychological processes
c)
Deception without explanation
d)
Laboratory equipment that mimics real life perfectly
98.
Why might researchers use deception in experiments?
a)
To manipulate results
b)
To achieve experimental realism and prevent participants from knowing the true purpose
c)
To save time in data collection
d)
To avoid using independent variables
99.
What are demand characteristics in experiments?
a)
The statistical significance of results
b)
Cues that suggest to participants how they should behave
c)
Ethical guidelines for deception
d)
Randomly assigned experimental conditions
100.
What is the role of university ethics committees?
a)
To ensure participants are treated humanely and research follows ethical principles
b)
To increase replication rates
c)
To randomly assign participants
d)
To perform meta-analysis on published studies
101.
Which of the following is NOT an ethical guideline in social psychology experiments?
a)
Obtain informed consent
b)
Use deception only when justified
c)
Debrief participants fully afterward
d)
Avoid random assignment
102.
How did fraud cases in social psychology influence research practices?
a)
Increased use of random sampling
b)
Increased vigilance, open data, and transparent reporting of methods
c)
Reduced use of meta-analysis
d)
Eliminated replication studies
103.
Which group requires additional ethical considerations due to unique histories and traditions?
a)
Children in schools
b)
Indigenous peoples (First Nations, Inuit, Métis)
c)
College students in psychology labs
d)
Random survey participants
104.
Why must researchers develop relationships with Indigenous communities before conducting research?
a)
To increase sample size
b)
To ensure the research benefits the community and respects worldviews
c)
To guarantee funding from government sources
d)
To avoid using deception in experiments
105.
What does meta-analysis provide that single experiments cannot?
a)
Ethical guidance
b)
Aggregated estimates of effect across multiple studies
c)
Deception strategies
d)
Random assignment
106.
Why do social psychologists sometimes intentionally distress participants slightly in experiments?
a)
To increase replication rates
b)
To study real psychological processes under controlled, realistic conditions
c)
To test for social desirability
d)
To simplify data collection
107.
Why does social psychology combine laboratory research and everyday experience?
a)
To reduce ethical concerns
b)
To deepen understanding of everyday human experience
c)
To eliminate the need for random assignment
d)
To ensure all participants are identical
108.
What inspired the children’s television experiment?
a)
Government funding
b)
Observations from everyday life
c)
Replication of previous lab experiments
d)
Ethical guidelines
109.
According to research, how do laboratory findings relate to real-life observations?
a)
Lab results are always identical to life
b)
Lab results often mirror real-life effects
c)
Lab results rarely apply to life
d)
Lab results replace the need for field studies
110.
What caution is necessary when generalizing lab results to real life?
a)
Laboratory dynamics are overly complex
b)
Laboratory results assume all other factors are equal, which rarely occurs in real life
c)
Lab results are unethical to apply to real life
d)
Lab results are only valid for longitudinal studies
111.
What does the acronym WEIRD refer to in research participants?
a)
Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic
b)
Women, Elderly, Independent, Rural, Diverse
c)
Western, Economically Independent, Rich, Developed
d)
White, Educated, Industrial, Random, Diverse
112.
Approximately what percentage of humanity do WEIRD participants represent?
a)
0.25
b)
0.5
c)
0.12
d)
0.75
113.
What is a limitation of many social psychology experiments regarding participants?
a)
Most participants are from diverse global cultures
b)
Most participants are college students and not a random sample of all humanity
c)
Most participants are children under 12
d)
Most participants are professional psychologists
114.
How do results replicate across cultures and groups?
a)
They always replicate exactly
b)
They sometimes replicate and sometimes do not
c)
They never replicate
d)
They replicate only in laboratory settings
115.
Why is laboratory research valuable despite limitations?
a)
It predicts every detail of life perfectly
b)
It uncovers basic dynamics of human existence
c)
It eliminates the need for ethical review
d)
It allows complete generalization to all populations
116.
Which statement is true about the interplay of lab and everyday research?
a)
Everyday experience inspires lab research, which can validate or challenge real-life observations
b)
Lab research always contradicts everyday experience
c)
Lab research replaces the need for field observations
d)
Everyday observations are ignored in social psychology
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