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WorksheetsElectrolytes & Labs (15 Questions)
Total questions: 75
Worksheet time: 38mins
A client with renal failure has a potassium of 6.8 mEq/L. Which finding is most concerning?
Muscle cramps
Nausea
Peaked T waves
Fatigue
The nurse is reviewing labs for a client with AKI. Which result requires immediate action?
Sodium 130 mEq/L
Calcium 7.5 mg/dL
Potassium 6.2 mEq/L
BUN 35 mg/dL
A client with CKD has a phosphorus level of 6.0 mg/dL. Which food should they avoid?
Grilled chicken
Whole milk
White rice
Green beans
Which symptom is most likely in a client with hyponatremia?
Hypertension
Confusion
Dry mucous membranes
Increased thirst
A client has magnesium of 1.0 mg/dL. Which intervention is most appropriate?
Administer IV calcium gluconate
Restrict magnesium-rich foods
Give IV magnesium sulfate
Encourage ambulation
Which electrolyte imbalance is associated with Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs?
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypernatremia
Hyperphosphatemia
Which client finding suggests hypernatremia?
Restlessness and irritability
Muscle weakness
Numbness and tingling
A client’s arterial blood gas shows pH 7.28, CO₂ 50, HCO₃ 25. What condition is present?
Metabolic alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
A nurse suspects fluid overload. Which lab confirms this?
Hematocrit 60%
Serum sodium 125 mEq/L
Hemoglobin 18 g/dL
BUN 12 mg/dL
A client with CKD has metabolic acidosis. Which lab supports this diagnosis?
pH 7.32
HCO₃ 30
PaCO₂ 38
pH 7.47
Which client is most at risk for hypokalemia?
Client on furosemide
Client with CKD
Client with tissue trauma
Client on spironolactone
Which ECG change is most concerning in a client with hypokalemia?
Tall peaked T waves
U waves
Shortened QT interval
ST elevation
Which electrolyte should be monitored most closely in a client on phosphate binders?
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Which symptom would a nurse expect in a client with hypermagnesemia?
Hyperreflexia
Bradycardia
Seizures
Which lab result is expected in a client with fluid volume deficit?
Low hematocrit
Decreased urine specific gravity
High BUN
Low sodium
A client develops AKI after major surgery. Which cause is most likely?
Hypertension
Hypovolemia
Nephrolithiasis
Bladder tumor
During the oliguric phase of AKI, which complication is most expected?
Hypokalemia
Hyperkalemia
Metabolic alkalosis
Polyuria
Which intervention is most important during the oliguric phase of AKI?
Increase protein intake
Restrict fluids
Encourage high sodium diet
Monitor urine output hourly
Which client is at greatest risk for AKI?
Client on NSAIDs for arthritis
Client with asthma
Client with hypothyroidism
Client on beta blockers
A client with AKI suddenly becomes confused. Which lab is most likely elevated?
Calcium
Urea
Sodium
Hemoglobin
Which assessment finding indicates postrenal AKI?
Enlarged bladder
History of hypertension
Increased creatinine
Decreased urine sodium
A client in the diuretic phase of AKI is at risk for:
Fluid overload
Dehydration
Hyperkalemia
Uremia
Which lab is most specific for renal function?
BUN
Potassium
Creatinine
Sodium
Which dietary change is appropriate for a client with AKI?
Increase phosphorus
Decrease potassium
Increase protein
Increase fluids
Which finding indicates recovery from AKI?
Oliguria
Elevated creatinine
Increasing urine output
Hyperkalemia
Which complication is most associated with CKD?
Hyperkalemia
Hypophosphatemia
Hypotension
Metabolic alkalosis
Which assessment finding is most consistent with uremia?
Hypotension
Itchy skin
Which lab trend indicates worsening CKD?
Decreasing creatinine
Increasing GFR
Rising BUN
Stable electrolytes
A client with CKD is prescribed erythropoietin. What is the purpose?
Increase WBCs
Reduce phosphorus
Stimulate RBC production
Lower creatinine
Which dietary teaching is appropriate for a client with CKD?
Choose foods high in potassium.
Avoid foods high in phosphorus.
Increase dairy products.
Eat more processed meats.
A client with CKD reports severe bone pain. This is most likely due to:
Metabolic alkalosis
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Increased calcium
Vitamin D toxicity
Which lab is expected in end-stage renal disease?
Low BUN
Elevated creatinine
High GFR
Low potassium
Which assessment finding suggests fluid overload in CKD?
Crackles in lungs
Dry mucous membranes
Hypotension
Flat neck veins
A CKD client has anemia. What is the cause?
Lack of iron intake
Bone marrow suppression
Decreased erythropoietin
A nurse monitors a CKD client for pericarditis. Which symptom is most concerning?
Low-grade fever
Chest pain relieved by sitting up
Pericardial friction rub
Hypotension
Which intervention helps reduce pruritus in CKD?
Hot showers
Antihistamines
High protein diet
Daily enemas
Which statement by a CKD client shows need for further teaching?
I should limit bananas and oranges.
I should weigh myself daily.
I will take my phosphate binder after meals.
I should increase my fluid intake.
A CKD client is at risk for fractures due to:
Hypocalcemia
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Hyperglycemia
Which vital sign trend is common in CKD?
Bradycardia
Hypertension
Hypotension
Irregular respirations
Which electrolyte imbalance is most dangerous in CKD?
Hypernatremia
Hyperkalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypomagnesemia
Which medication should be avoided in CKD?
Acetaminophen
Morphine
NSAIDs
Insulin
A client on spironolactone should avoid which food?
Apples
Bananas
Rice
Carrots
Which medication lowers serum phosphorus in CKD?
Epoetin alfa
Sevelamer
Furosemide
Sodium bicarbonate
A nurse is teaching about epoetin alfa. Which statement is correct?
It lowers blood pressure.
It prevents bleeding.
It helps increase red blood cells.
It removes excess potassium.
Which medication is used to treat hyperkalemia in CKD?
Kayexalate
Sevelamer
Calcium carbonate
Epoetin alfa
Which drug should the nurse question in a client with high creatinine?
Gentamicin
Acetaminophen
Metoprolol
Aspirin (low-dose)
Which medication may cause constipation in CKD clients?
Phosphate binders
Loop diuretics
Potassium supplements
Erythropoietin
Which side effect of epoetin alfa is most concerning?
(a)
Which client statement indicates understanding about phosphate binders?
I should take them on an empty stomach.
I should take them with meals.
I only need them if my phosphorus is low.
They help lower my potassium.
Which medication may be given IV in severe hyperkalemia?
Insulin with glucose
Spironolactone
Acetazolamide
Sodium chloride
Which finding is most common in ulcerative colitis?
Cobblestone appearance of colon
Bloody diarrhea
Fistula formation
Skip lesions
Which complication is most associated with Crohn’s disease?
Toxic megacolon
Fistulas
Rectal bleeding
Colon cancer only
A client with ulcerative colitis has 15 bloody stools/day. Which priority assessment is needed?
Bowel sounds
Capillary refill
Heart rate and blood pressure
Skin turgor
Which medication is used to maintain remission in ulcerative colitis?
Prednisone (long-term)
Mesalamine
Ciprofloxacin
Which diet is best for a client with Crohn’s disease during a flare?
High fiber
Low residue
High fat
Raw vegetables
Which symptom suggests Crohn’s disease instead of ulcerative colitis?
A. Bloody stools
B. Abdominal cramping
C. Weight loss
D. Fistulas
Which extraintestinal complication is common in IBD?
Joint pain
Hair loss
Cataracts
Hearing loss
Which treatment is reserved for severe ulcerative colitis?
Total colectomy
Appendectomy
Cholecystectomy
Bowel resection
A client with Crohn’s disease develops a bowel obstruction. Which symptom is most likely?
Projectile vomiting
High-pitched bowel sounds
Constipation only
Bloody stools only
Which lab finding is most concerning in ulcerative colitis?
Hemoglobin 8 g/dL
WBC 12,000
Platelets 250,000
Sodium 137
Which is a hallmark symptom of IBS?
Bloody diarrhea
Alternating constipation and diarrhea
Fistula formation
Steatorrhea
Which client statement suggests IBS rather than IBD?
My colonoscopy was normal.
I have rectal bleeding.
I wake at night to use the bathroom.
I lose weight without trying.
Which treatment is used for IBS-D (diarrhea-predominant)?
Loperamide
Mesalamine
Steroids
Antibiotics
Which lifestyle change is most effective for IBS management?
High-fat diet
Stress reduction
Avoid dairy only
Strict fasting
Which client finding is not typical of IBS?
Weight loss
Abdominal bloating
Cramping
Relief after defecation
Which food should be restricted in a client with hyperkalemia?
Apples
Bananas
Grapes
Blueberries
Which food is high in phosphorus?
Yogurt
Cucumber
Which diet is recommended for CKD with high potassium?
Low potassium, low sodium
High protein, high potassium
High sodium, low fat
Low fat, high potassium
Which food is lowest in potassium?
Oranges
Strawberries
Potatoes
Spinach
Which fluid recommendation is appropriate for a client on hemodialysis?
No restrictions
2 liters plus daily urine output
500 mL/day only
As much as tolerated
Which diet is best for a client with IBD in remission?
Low fiber
High protein, high calorie
Low fat
Liquid only
Which food is most appropriate for a client with ulcerative colitis flare?
Raw carrots
White bread
Popcorn
Salad
Which nutrient must be supplemented in CKD due to dialysis losses?
Vitamin C
Iron
B vitamins (folate)
Vitamin K
Which client statement shows correct understanding of a renal diet?
I should avoid processed meats.
I can eat as much dairy as I want.
I need to increase potassium-rich foods.
Which dietary choice is appropriate for a client with IBS?
Cabbage soup
Grilled chicken
Fried foods
Artificial sweeteners
