Which of the following organs is located in the retroperitoneal space?

The detection of a bulging mass through the belly button that is not pulsating should make the EMT suspicious that the patient may be suffering from which of the following?

In what position should the patient complaining of severe abdominal pain be placed if there are no signs or symptoms of shock?

You respond to an abdominal pain call. Your partner suspects that the patient is having an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). What type of pain is the patient most likely experiencing?

Which of the following is not a cause of parietal pain?

You are called to a residential neighborhood at 12:30 A.M. Your patient has just finished eating a super-sized meal of deep fried fish. He is now complaining of a "crampy" pain in the right upper quadrant and has had two episodes of nausea and vomiting with green vomit. What condition do you suspect that your patient is experiencing?

You respond, along with fire department Emergency Medical Responders, to a 48-year-old female having a syncope episode in the bathroom. You find the patient sitting on the commode vomiting into the trash can. The vomitus appears to look like coffee grounds and has a foul smell. The patient is pale and has been weak for the past few days. She has:

Which of the following is a concern when caring for the patient with abdominal pain?

When treating a patient with acute abdominal pain, you should do which of the following?

You respond to a 65-year-old patient complaining of abdominal pain. Your physical exam reveals a nonpulsating mass in the lower left quadrant. You suspect:

With the exception of the _______, most abdominal organs are not able to sense tearing sensations.

You are called to a 25-year-old male complaining of right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain. His other symptoms are nausea and vomiting, fever, and decreasing pain in the umbilicus area. As an EMT, you feel this patient might have:

Pain that the patient feels in a body part or area of the body that has nothing to do with a diseased organ is termed:

You are called to a nursing home for an 85-year-old patient complaining of abdominal pain. The patient has a history of dementia and cannot describe the pain to you. The nurse states the patient has been vomiting for about an hour, and the vomit looks like dark coffee grounds. His blood pressure is 90/40, pulse 100, and respiratory rate of 24. Aside from the airway, what is your greatest concern?

You are called to the scene of a patient with abdominal pain. Upon arrival, you find a 38-year-old Asian man on the floor next to his desk writhing in pain. He is complaining of severe right-sided flank pain. His blood pressure is 140/90, pulse 100, and his skin is ashen and diaphoretic. You suspect:

When managing a patient who may hurt himself or others, you should do all of the following except:

According to coworkers, your 25-year-old female patient suddenly began acting aggressively and being verbally abusive. She tells you she is "starving" and you notice that she is pale and diaphoretic. Which of the following would be an appropriate general impression?

Which of the following situations generally allows the EMT to transport a patient with a behavioral emergency against his or her wishes?

Which of the following patients would be considered to be at the greatest risk for suicide?

Your patient is a 24-year-old male who is severely depressed. He tells you that he can't "handle the pressure" anymore and that he wants to die. He is refusing transport. Which of the following is the most appropriate decision regarding this patient's care?

Which of the following is appropriate when assessing an emotionally disturbed patient?

When restraining a patient, which of the following is not a consideration?

You are dispatched to a suicide attempt. You arrive to find a 16-year-old who is extremely agitated and pacing up and down in the living room of his house. Apparently, he threatened to go out, get a gun, and shoot himself. His parents called it in as an attempted suicide. The scene is safe and there are apparently no weapons accessible to the patient. Which of the following would not be appropriate in caring for this patient?

Why is it important to gather a detailed medical history when dealing with a psychiatric emergency?

You are confronted with a patient experiencing personality changes ranging from irritability to irrational behavior, altered mental status, amnesia or confusion, irregular respirations, elevated blood pressure, and decreasing pulse. It appears to be a psychiatric emergency. What else could cause this behavior?

Your patient is a 22-year-old male who has ingested a large amount of alcohol and is vomiting. He is conscious but uncooperative. He allows you to examine him but refuses transport to the hospital. You have sought assistance from law enforcement on scene. Which of the following is the best action?

Which of the following communication strategies should be used when dealing with a patient with a behavioral emergency?

When providing emergency care to an aggressive or hostile patient, what is the highest priority?

You respond to the scene of a private residence for a patient who is known to have insulin-dependent diabetes. The patient is combative and cursing as you approach. Should this patient be restrained?

Dialysis patients who have missed an appointment may present with signs of ________, which is a similar presentation to ________.

What is the purpose of the red blood cells?

You are dispatched to a private residence for a sick person. When you arrive, you are told by the patient that due to the snow storm yesterday he missed his scheduled appointment at the dialysis center and is not feeling well. Your assessment does not reveal anything remarkable outside of the fact that he has missed his dialysis. Which of the steps below would not be part of your care?

How long does a typical hemodialysis treatment last?

The blood has many functions critical to a patient's health. Which of the following is not a function of the blood?

Which of the following organs may be seriously damaged in sickle cell anemia, subsequently leading to severe infections?

Approximately what percentage of United States dialysis patients treat themselves at home?

Because of abnormally shaped hemoglobin, sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients may occasionally experience ______, causing a blockage of small blood vessels.

You are dispatched to a private residence for a sick person. You arrive and find a 47-year-old male patient who recently completed his peritoneal dialysis and complains of severe abdominal pain that is worsened by movement. One of the more serious complications of this type of dialysis is a bacterial infection within the peritoneal cavity. What would be the tell-tale sign that this is what is happening in this case?

Patients who dialyze at home are at high risk for what type of infection?

Platelets are actually fragments of larger cells that are crucial to the formation of clots. Clumping (called aggregation) of platelets is the body's most rapid response to stop bleeding from an injured site. However, in some situations the clumping of platelets is not desirable, such as when a plaque in a coronary artery ruptures. In this situation, the rapid clumping of platelets can cause a clot that then completely blocks the coronary artery and results in a heart attack (myocardial infarction). One of the most effective and widely available drugs to prevent the aggregation of platelets is:

Which of the following vessels contain blood under the highest amount of pressure?

Which of the following is not recommended when controlling epistaxis?

Cold is sometimes used to help control bleeding. When using cold, the following guidelines and statements are true except:

Which of the following is responsible for most of the early signs and symptoms of shock?

Which of the following is a characteristic of arterial bleeding?

Which of the following is a hallmark of irreversible shock?

When deciding where to transport a patient who has internal bleeding, which of the following is the most important service to be provided by the receiving hospital?

Which of the following is not a consequence of hypoperfusion?

Which of the following is the most effective way of controlling external bleeding in superficial wounds?

You are dispatched to the local high school for a 'person struck with a baseball.' What is the next step?

Your patient is a 14-year-old male who crashed his bicycle, landing prone and sliding along a gravel trail. He has deep abrasions to his hands, arms, chest, and knees. The patient has small pieces of gravel, twigs, and dirt embedded in the abrasions. Which of the following is the best way to manage this situation after taking cervical spine immobilization?

You are dispatched to an industrial plant for a burn. You arrive and find a 60-year-old male who came in contact with a broken steam line and appears to have partial thickness burns on both hands and arms. He is lying on the ground and coworkers are gently spraying him with water from a nearby hose. What should you do?

You are caring for a 23-year-old female who fell off of a bicycle and sustained a severe laceration on the inside of her upper thigh. Her slacks are torn, and you can see most of the wound. What is the next step?

Which of the following layers of the skin is the most important in insulating the body against heat loss?

Your patient is a 32-year-old man with a fish hook that has perforated his hand between the thumb and index finger. Which of the following is the best way to manage the situation in the prehospital setting?

When managing an electrical burn, the EMT should:

The meatus is:

You are treating a patient with paradoxical motion on the left side of the chest. He is breathing shallow at a rate of 4 breaths per minute. You should:

What is the underlying cause of bluish or reddish facial discoloration following traumatic asphyxia?

Which of the following best describes an evisceration?

While palpating the radial pulses of a patient who was involved in a motor vehicle crash, you notice a difference in the strength of the pulses bilaterally. This is a finding that you suspect may be associated with:

Your patient is a 55-year-old male who was found in the parking lot behind a tavern. He states that he was assaulted and robbed by three individuals. He is complaining of being 'hit in the face and kicked and punched in his ribs and stomach.' Your examination reveals contusions and swelling around both eyes, bleeding from the nose, a laceration of his upper lip, and multiple contusions of the chest, abdomen, and flanks. Which of the following should cause the greatest concern regarding the prehospital care of this patient?

You are on an EMS standby for a boxing tournament. During one of the matches, one of the female boxers delivers a forcible uppercut to the chest of her opponent, who falls to the ground. The match is declared over on the basis of a TKO. However, the opponent fails to arise following a 1- to 2-minute interval. EMS is summoned to the ring. You find the patient pulseless and breathing agonal gasps. You suspect which of the following traumatic conditions?

Your patient has an open abdominal wound with intestines protruding. You should:

Which of the following is a characteristic of referred pain?

Which of the following is the main focus of the EMT's assessment and history taking of the patient with abdominal pain?

You are called to a nursing home for an 85-year-old patient complaining of abdominal pain. The patient has a history of dementia and cannot describe the pain to you. The nurse states the patient has been vomiting for about an hour, and the vomit looks like dark coffee grounds. His blood pressure is 90/40, pulse 100, and respiratory rate of 24. In what position should you transport the patient?

You respond to a 75-year-old female who is complaining of epigastric pain that feels like heartburn. The pain radiates to the right shoulder. Her vital signs are stable and she has a previous history of a myocardial infarction. She has prescription nitroglycerin tablets. She is most likely suffering from:

Which abdominal quadrant contains the appendix?

Which of the following is not an acceptable method or adjunct in restraining a patient?

Your patient is a 15-year-old female who has been diagnosed with a personality disorder. She has no history of violent behavior. The staff at her residential care facility wants her to be transported for evaluation of a possible urinary tract infection. Which of the following is the best way to handle this situation?

EMTs may come across a situation where a patient begins to act extremely agitated or psychotic. Uncontrolled psychiatric illness and sometimes drug intoxication may be present. The patient may suddenly cease struggling, and often within minutes the patient develops inadequate or absent respirations and subsequently dies. It is important for the EMT to be alert for this sequence of events in a patient who exhibits this behavior and monitor the patient constantly throughout the call. This condition is called:

Which of the following does not indicate that a patient may be about to become violent?

Your patient is a 37-year-old male sitting on the kitchen floor. His wife is attempting to talk with him, but he does not look at her or answer. He is fidgeting and has apparently thrown some dishes against the wall. What should be your first consideration?

You suspect a patient who has been having a difficult time controlling the bleeding following a small laceration to the foot may have a history of:

Which of the following pathologies put patients at high risk for acute renal failure?

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of anemia?

You are attending to an end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patient who has missed dialysis. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Which of the following is an important early indicator of hypoperfusion?

Although many of the signs and symptoms of shock are the same no matter what the cause, the symptoms follow a logical progression as shock develops and worsens. Arrange the following signs and symptoms in the order that they will most likely appear. 1. Altered mental status 2. Dropping blood pressure 3. Nausea and vomiting 4. Pale, cool, and clammy skin 5. Increased pulse 6. Increased respirations

Which of the following is not indicated in the management of a patient in shock?

Which of the following is a consideration in determining a burn's severity?

You are assessing a 30-year-old male patient that had his arm caught in a piece of machinery. By the time you arrive, he has been freed. The patient tells you that he does not understand why you were called, but as you inspect the injured limb you notice a small puncture wound. You should have a high index of suspicion of which of the following injuries?

For which of the following patients should the EMT carefully continue to monitor the patient's ventilatory status throughout treatment and transport due to the greatest risk of respiratory failure?

Which of the following describes the proper application of an occlusive dressing for an open chest wound?

You are dispatched to a 42-year-old male who was shot in the abdomen and thrown from a vehicle. The patient is critical and high-category trauma; however, due to the mechanism of injury, it is necessary to backboard the patient prior to transport. What is an important assessment before securing the patient?

Which patient is experiencing visceral pain?

Your patient is a 34-year-old male complaining of pain "in his right side." He is pale and diaphoretic with a heart rate of 90 beats per minute, a respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute, and a blood pressure of 132/80 mmHg. The patient is very agitated and anxious. Which approach is most appropriate?

Which of the following medical conditions could be the underlying cause of an apparent behavioral emergency?

Which of the following medications does not interfere with the blood-clotting process?

Which of the following signifies a failure in the patient's compensatory response to blood loss?

You are treating the amputation of three fingers on a 40-year-old male. The fingers were torn off while he was cleaning his snow blower. You have stopped the bleeding. What should you do with the amputated fingers?

Which of the following injuries may produce distended neck veins?

Organs of the right upper quadrant include:

There are general rules for dealing with psychiatric emergencies. Which of the following is not one of those rules and would not be considered appropriate?

How many times per week do the majority of American hemodialysis patients receive treatment?

Which of the following is recommended in situations in which a tourniquet must be used?

You are dispatched to a local industrial plant for an 'electrical injury.' You arrive on-scene and find a 46-year-old male lying supine in front of an electrical panel. You are told he was attempting to make a repair and somehow received an electrical shock and was thrown to the ground. The scene is safe and the electricity is off. Your initial exam reveals a conscious person, breathing adequately. Vital signs are normal and there are no obvious signs of burns. Coworkers state that he was unconscious until your arrival. What is the next step?

Common signs and symptoms following an injury to a hollow abdominal organ include: