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Cell Functions: Communication, Protein Synthesis

Total questions: 67

Worksheet time: 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Anabolism and catabolism are best described as which of the following?

a)

Anabolism builds molecules and catabolism breaks them down

b)

Both anabolism and catabolism build molecules

c)

Both anabolism and catabolism break down molecules

d)

Anabolism and catabolism are unrelated processes

2.

Enzymes control metabolic reactions by:

a)

lowering the activation energy required for reactions

b)

increasing the temperature of the cell

c)

breaking down cell membranes

d)

removing all substrates from the reaction

3.

A metabolic pathway is best described as:

a)

A series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.

b)

A single chemical reaction in a cell.

c)

A type of physical exercise.

d)

A method of cell division.

4.

Energy in the form of ATP becomes available for cellular activities when:

a)

the terminal phosphate bond is broken, releasing energy

b)

ATP is converted directly into glucose

c)

ATP is stored in the nucleus

d)

ATP is absorbed from the environment without change

5.

Cellular respiration releases chemical energy by:

a)

breaking down glucose to produce ATP

b)

absorbing sunlight to create glucose

c)

storing energy in large molecules

d)

releasing oxygen as a waste product

6.

DNA molecules store genetic information by:

a)

arranging nucleotides in a specific sequence

b)

forming double helix structures for stability

c)

binding to proteins for cellular transport

d)

replicating only during cell division

7.

The steps of protein synthesis are:

a)

Transcription and translation

b)

Replication and mutation

c)

Photosynthesis and respiration

d)

Diffusion and osmosis

8.

What is the meaning of the prefix 'An-'?

a)

without

b)

with

c)

before

d)

after

9.

What is the meaning of the prefix 'Ana-'?

a)

up

b)

down

c)

across

d)

against

10.

What is the meaning of the prefix 'Cata-'?

a)

down

b)

across

c)

before

d)

against

11.

What is the meaning of the prefix 'Mut-'?

a)

change

b)

move

c)

stop

d)

grow

12.

What is the meaning of the prefix 'Zym-'?

a)

causing to ferment

b)

relating to animals

c)

pertaining to heat

d)

referring to plants

13.

Cell Function: Cells differentiate to fill needs within the body.

a)

True

b)

False

14.

One of the major cellular functions necessary for cell survival is gene ________.

a)

expression

b)

mutation

c)

deletion

d)

replication

15.

One of the major cellular functions necessary for cell survival is protein ________.

a)

synthesis

b)

digestion

c)

degradation

d)

oxidation

16.

The Signal in cell communication is a chemical molecule called a _______

a)

ligand

b)

enzyme

c)

receptor

d)

substrate

17.

In cell communication, receptors are proteins usually embedded in a _______ that connects to the ligand.

a)

membrane

b)

nucleus

c)

cytoplasm

d)

ribosome

18.

What is Transduction in cell communication? Transduction – _______ Reaction in the cell

a)

Chemical

b)

Physical

c)

Electrical

d)

Thermal

19.

Which form of chemical signaling involves a cell targeting a cell connected by gap junctions?

a)

Direct

b)

Paracrine

c)

Endocrine

d)

Autocrine

20.

Which form of chemical signaling involves a cell targeting itself and is used for self regulation?

a)

Paracrine

b)

Endocrine

c)

Autocrine

d)

Direct

21.

Paracrine signaling is when a cell targets a ________ cell in close proximity.

a)

nearby

b)

distant

c)

identical

d)

foreign

22.

Endocrine signaling involves a cell targeting a distant cell through the ________.

a)

bloodstream

b)

synapse

c)

gap junction

d)

extracellular matrix

23.

Which form of communication is used to talk to other organisms?

a)

Paracrine

b)

Pheromone

c)

Endocrine

d)

Direct

24.

External reception is typically fast acting.

a)

True

b)

False

25.

Internal reception is slow to respond but has a long-term effect.

a)

True

b)

False

26.

Gene expression involves the process of turning information encoded in a gene into a _______.

a)

function

b)

chromosome

c)

nucleus

d)

membrane

27.

Gene expression can be thought of as an "on/off" switch to control when and where which of the following are made?

a)

DNA molecules and lipids

b)

RNA molecules and proteins

c)

Carbohydrates and vitamins

d)

Hormones and minerals

28.

Gene expression can also be described as a "volume control" to determine how much of those products are made. What does "those products" refer to?

a)

RNA molecules and proteins

b)

Carbohydrates and lipids

c)

Vitamins and minerals

d)

DNA and chromosomes

29.

Which of the following statements is true about gene expression regulation?

a)

It is always constant in all cell types

b)

It is carefully regulated and can change under different conditions

c)

It only occurs in bacteria

d)

It does not affect protein production

30.

All cells have the same genes throughout the body.

a)

True

b)

False

31.

What does cell specialization involve?

a)

All cells doing the same job

b)

How cells control what genes are on and off

c)

Cells having different DNA

d)

None of the above

32.

The control of what genes are on and off can be variable in terms of hours, days, or minutes.

a)

True

b)

False

33.

Transcription factors are signals that can impact gene expression.

a)

True

b)

False

34.

Genes can be turned on by:

a)

DNA wrapping and bundling

b)

Blocking transcription enzymes

c)

Increasing cell size

d)

None of the above

35.

What are the two main processes involved in protein synthesis?

a)

Replication and Translation

b)

Transcription and Translation

c)

Transcription and Replication

d)

Translation and Mutation

36.

Protein synthesis is responsible for producing both ______ and enzymes.

a)

tissues

b)

hormones

c)

vitamins

d)

carbohydrates

37.

In the process of protein synthesis, the role of mRNA is to:

a)

carry the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome

b)

synthesize amino acids directly

c)

break down proteins into amino acids

d)

transport amino acids to the ribosome

38.

DNA is a ______ - a large molecule made up of many smaller molecules joined together in a specific sequence.

a)

polymer

b)

monomer

c)

atom

d)

ion

39.

What are the building blocks of DNA called?

a)

nucleotides

b)

amino acids

c)

fatty acids

d)

monosaccharides

40.

A nucleotide consists of which of the following components?

a)

1 phosphate group, 1 sugar group, and 1 nitrogenous base

b)

2 phosphate groups and 1 sugar group

c)

1 sugar group and 2 nitrogenous bases

d)

1 phosphate group and 2 sugar groups

41.

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Guanine

d)

Uracil

42.

What is the genetic code?

a)

The genetic code is the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA that specifies a particular sequence of amino acid building blocks in proteins.

b)

The genetic code is the process by which cells divide and multiply.

c)

The genetic code is the structure of the cell membrane in all living organisms.

d)

The genetic code is the energy currency used by cells for metabolic processes.

43.

How many amino acids are represented in a DNA molecule by a specific sequence of 3 nucleotides?

a)

20

b)

4

c)

64

d)

1

44.

Which of the following codons is a start codon?

a)

A. AUG

b)

B. UAA

c)

C. UGA

d)

D. UAG

45.

The sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule denotes the order of _______ in a protein molecule, as well as where to start and stop the protein synthesis.

a)

amino acids

b)

fatty acids

c)

nucleotides

d)

sugars

46.

DNA is too large to leave the nucleus, so transcription using mRNA is essential to getting the genetic information out of the nucleus.

a)

True

b)

False

47.

Which of the following is NOT a nucleobase found in DNA?

a)

Adenine

b)

Thymine

c)

Uracil

d)

Cytosine

48.

RNA molecules are ______ stranded.

a)

single

b)

double

c)

triple

d)

quadruple

49.

Nucleotides in RNA contain the sugar ______ rather than deoxyribose.

a)

ribose

b)

glucose

c)

fructose

d)

galactose

50.

Which nitrogenous base is only found in DNA?

a)

A) Adenine

b)

B) Cytosine

c)

C) Thymine

d)

D) Uracil

51.

Which nitrogenous base is only found in RNA?

a)

A) Adenine

b)

B) Cytosine

c)

C) Thymine

d)

D) Uracil

52.

What is synthesized following the rules of complementary base pairing?

a)

mRNA

b)

Glucose

c)

Cholesterol

d)

ATP

53.

The DNA sequence A, T, G, C, G specifies the complementary mRNA bases ________.

a)

U, A, C, G, C

b)

A, U, G, C, G

c)

T, A, C, G, C

d)

U, T, G, C, A

54.

Which enzyme is responsible for reading the DNA and synthesizing mRNA?

a)

RNA polymerase

b)

DNA ligase

c)

Helicase

d)

DNA polymerase

55.

RNA polymerase knows where the gene begins, where it stops, and the correct direction to read the DNA.

a)

True

b)

False

56.

What happens when the RNA polymerase reaches the end of the gene?

a)

It releases the newly formed mRNA and transcription is complete.

b)

It starts translating the mRNA into protein.

c)

It binds to the ribosome to begin translation.

d)

It replicates the DNA strand again.

57.

Each amino acid in a protein corresponds to how many contiguous bases in the DNA sequence?

a)

3

b)

1

c)

2

d)

4

58.

What are the series of 3-base sequences that represent amino acids called?

a)

Codons

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Genes

d)

Nucleotides

59.

To complete protein synthesis, mRNA must leave the nucleus and associate with a ________.

a)

ribosome

b)

mitochondrion

c)

lysosome

d)

Golgi apparatus

60.

The process of translating the series of codons on mRNA to the language of amino acids is called ________.

a)

translation

b)

transcription

c)

replication

d)

mutation

61.

To build the protein, the correct amino acids must be in the cytoplasm and positioned in a specific order along the strand of _______.

a)

mRNA

b)

DNA

c)

tRNA

d)

rRNA

62.

Which molecule correctly aligns amino acids, which are linked by an enzyme to form proteins?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

DNA

d)

Ribosome

63.

During translation, the code from ​ (a)   is read by the ​ (b)   and translated into a sequence of ​ (c)   .

Choose from the below words
mRNA
ribosome
amino acids
64.

​ (a)   is the process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced, and it occurs in a ​ (b)   in the ​ (c)   .

Choose from the below words
Translation
ribosome
cytoplasm
Transcription
nucleus
65.

Match the following

a)

Puts together amino acids

1.

Ribosome

b)

Transports amino acids

2.

tRNA

c)

Carries the code to the ribosome

3.

mRNA

d)

Provides the protein code

4.

DNA

e)

Put together to make the protein

5.

Amino Acids

66.

Match the following

a)

Is where amino acids are formed

1.

Ribosome

b)

Contains anticodons and Amino acids

2.

tRNA

c)

Carries the code to the ribosome

3.

mRNA

d)

Genetic information never leaves nucleus

4.

DNA

e)

Put together to make the protein

5.

Amino Acids

67.

  1. In a DNA molecule, adenine (A) always pairs with ​ (a)   , and guanine (G) always pairs with ​ (b)   .

Choose from the below words
thymine (A)
cytosine (c)
uracil (u)

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