WorksheetsWH: 1st 9weeks Assessment (2025-2026)
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 25mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which statement best characterizes the ideas of Thomas Hobbes?
a)
People are naturally reasonable.
b)
People are naturally selfish and violent.
c)
Governments create unequal societies.
d)
Government should be separate from religion.
2.
The social contract theory states that
a)
governments should always be allowed to encourage the spread of Protestantism.
b)
farmers are required to give up some rights in exchange for government provided funding.
c)
peasants should raise up against the wealthy to gain equal status within society.
d)
citizens give up some liberties to government in exchange for protection of their self-intere
3.
An important philosophical idea during the Enlightenment was that
a)
the ordinary and wealthy should give all of their money to the working poor.
b)
monarchs should be granted a “divine right” to rule over their people.
c)
the Catholic Church should exercise absolute rule over Europe.
d)
ordinary people should be able to pursue greater opportunities.
4.
In an era of bad harvests, famine, and rioting, the French government took steps to improve the worsening financial crisis. What did the government do?
a)
The government called for genuine political reform.
b)
The government raised taxes.
c)
The government reduced the Third Estate’s tax burden.
d)
The government forced all estates to pay the same taxes.
5.
How did Rousseau differ from Voltaire?
a)
Rousseau argued against inequality among the classes, while Voltaire argued for freedom of speech and religion.
b)
Rousseau was a French monarch in the 1600s, while Voltaire was a French philosopher in the 1700s.
c)
Rousseau argued for freedom of speech and religion, while Voltaire argued against inequality among the classes.
d)
Rousseau was a French philosopher in the 1700s, while Voltaire was a French monarch in the 1600s.
6.
On July 14, 1789, French citizens unhappy with the failed government reforms stormed the Bastille, a medieval fortress prison. What has this event come to represent in French history?
a)
reform
b)
equality
c)
justice
d)
liberation
7.
One of Baron de Montesquieu’s key ideas was
a)
separating church and state.
b)
establishing natural rights.
c)
creating checks and balances.
d)
establishing equality within society.
8.
Which three topics became a major focus of the Enlightenment?
a)
astronomy, mathematics, physics
b)
classicism, humanism, individualism
c)
rights and responsibilities, politics, reason
d)
spirituality, religion, chivalry
9.
Which statement best characterizes the ideas of John Locke?
a)
People are naturally selfish and violent.
b)
Governments create unequal societies.
c)
People are naturally reasonable.
d)
Government should be separate from religion.
10.
A difference between the ideas of Hobbes and Locke was that
a)
Hobbes believed government should not take away certain natural rights, while Locke believed people have the right to rebel.
b)
Hobbes believed people have the right to rebel, while Locke believed life without government was difficult.
c)
Hobbes believed life without government was difficult, while Locke believed people have the right to rebel.
d)
Hobbes believed life without government was difficult, while Locke believed safety was more important than freedom.
11.
Who created the concept of a social contract?
a)
Thomas Hobbes
b)
John Locke
c)
Baron de Montesquieu
d)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
12.
Which statement best characterizes the ideas of Voltaire?
a)
People are naturally reasonable.
b)
People are naturally selfish and violent.
c)
Governments create unequal societies.
d)
Government should be separate from religion.
13.
Which two factions disagreed on the French Revolution’s path?
a)
the Democrats and Republicans
b)
the Radicals and Jacobins
c)
Jacobins and the Conservatives
d)
Jacobins and the Third Estate
14.
What was the overall purpose of the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
a)
to create a government responsive to the people
b)
to eliminate the monarchy and aristocracy
c)
to guarantee a good life to all citizens
d)
to eliminate the excessive power of clergy
15.
Which is a characteristic of the Jacobins?
a)
They were called right-wing.
b)
They wanted a monarchy.
c)
They were extremely radical.
d)
They wanted very few changes.
16.
Which statement describes the Greek philosopher Socrates?
a)
Socrates developed a theory about the universe.
b)
Socrates taught that reasoning was the way to truth.
c)
Socrates wrote a book on the principles of geometry.
d)
Socrates built an advanced version of the astrolabe.
17.
The National Convention benefited the people and the state by
a)
forcing wage increases and heavily taxing business owners.
b)
allowing women to vote and serve in the National Convention.
c)
passing laws prohibiting anyone from becoming too wealthy.
d)
seizing all church property and giving it to the people and state.
18.
Many Enlightenment ideas were incorporated into
a)
the laws of monarchs who believed in absolute rule.
b)
the practices and polices of the Catholic Church.
c)
the founding documents for the United States.
d)
the peace treaty at the end Estates-General
19.
What is the best description of the Conservatives?
a)
They were the left-wingers.
b)
They wanted few changes
c)
They wanted more changes.
d)
They favored a republic.
20.
The formation of the National Assembly had what long-term effect on the Estates-General?
a)
It made the Estates-General part of the National Assembly.
b)
It inspired the Estates-General to push for reforms.
c)
It compelled the Estates-General to continue to support the king.
d)
It caused the Estates-General to cease to exist.
21.
Which group paid the least in taxes under the Old Regime?
a)
the merchants
b)
the bourgeoisie
c)
the peasants
d)
the aristocracy
22.
Who discovered the three laws of planetary motion?
a)
Nicolaus Copernicus
b)
Johannes Kepler
c)
Isaac Newton
d)
Galileo Galilei
23.
The clergy comprised the wealthy First Estate, with members of noble descent in particular having a great deal of power. What was the source of the clergy’s wealth?
a)
family money
b)
tithes
c)
donations from the king
d)
savings from paying low taxes
24.
What was one advantage of being a member of the Second Estate?
a)
having extensive privileges
b)
being able to participate in business or trade
c)
being a small part of the population
d)
having access to the king
25.
Why did the Third Estate form the National Assembly?
a)
They hoped to persuade the king to lower taxes.
b)
They wanted the Estates-General to deal with the problem of famine.
c)
They wanted to institute reforms to benefit ordinary citizens.
d)
They hoped to force the Estates-General into removing the king.
26.
Who challenged the Aristotle model of a geocentric universe that began the Scientific Revolution?
a)
Kepler
b)
Galileo
c)
Copernicus
d)
Newton
27.
Which describes a difference between Robert Boyle and Isaac Newton?
a)
Boyle created the coordinate plane system, while Newton discovered deductive reasoning.
b)
Boyle discovered the law of gravity, while Newton created the coordinate plane system.
c)
Boyle discovered the relationship between pressure and gas volumes, while Newton discovered the law of gravity.
d)
Boyle discovered the laws of motion, while Newton discovered the relationship between pressure and gas volumes.
28.
Which action could accomplish all of the goals of the French Revolution?
a)
writing a constitution
b)
ending the class system
c)
passing a fairer tax system
d)
eliminating absolute authority
29.
Which event marked the "official" start of the French Revolution?
a)
Women's March on Versailles
b)
Storming of the Bastille
c)
Execution of Louis XVI
d)
Napoleon's Coup d'etat
30.
Which statement best explains how the Scientific Revolution changed ways of thinking?
a)
The Scientific Revolution caused people to question their religious beliefs.
b)
The Scientific Revolution changed people’s understanding of the world.
c)
The Scientific Revolution resulted in ways of thinking from God.
d)
The Scientific Revolution brought back ideas like humanism and realism.
31.
Which event immediately followed the storming of the Bastille?
a)
Louis XVI stepped down.
b)
The Estates-General was dissolved.
c)
Peasants began attacking the aristocracy.
d)
Government troops attacked the National Assembly.
32.
How did French support of the American Revolution increase problems for King Louis XVI?
a)
It accelerated the economic crisis.
b)
It introduced new ideas regarding branches of government.
c)
It helped prove that monarchs could no longer exist.
d)
It showed that a rigid class structure was dangerous.
33.
The separation of church and state was important to the French people because of the power and wealth held by the clergy. Which philosopher of the Enlightenment believed in this separation?
a)
Voltaire
b)
Rousseau
c)
Montesquieu
d)
Hobbs
34.
The Third Estate included approximately ninety-eight percent of the French population under the Old Regime. Which group was exclusively part of this estate?
a)
clergy
b)
aristocracy
c)
impoverished nobility
d)
bourgeoisie
35.
Before the French Revolution, the major problems facing French society were caused by
a)
the high taxes imposed on the ruling classes.
b)
the rising crime rates all over France, not just in the cities.
c)
the inequality between the lower classes and the ruling classes.
d)
the laws restricting the rights of all classes.
36.
Why did the Third Estate of France's population resent the Second Estate leading to conflict and revolution?
a)
The Second Estate paid the least amount of taxes and had the most power.
b)
The Second Estate was most influential due to their large population.
c)
The Second Estate were members of the clergy and had access to the king.
d)
The Second Estate controlled the most wealth and wanted to share it equally.
37.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man made all French citizens equal before the law. How did this equality contrast with the ways of the Old Regime?
a)
The declaration forced the aristocracy to give up their land.
b)
The declaration created a separation between church and state.
c)
The declaration abolished the three estates.
d)
The declaration removed the king from power.
38.
After the National Assembly was locked out of the Estates-General meeting, members of the assembly met on a tennis court in Versailles and swore the Tennis Court Oath. What vow did they make with this oath?
a)
to continue to work until the king had been overthrown
b)
to continue to work until the estates were dissolved
c)
to continue to work until France had a constitution
d)
to continue to work until the people could vote
39.
How did the Catholic Church respond to the Scientific Revolution?
a)
The Church tested new theories to prove or disprove them.
b)
The Church persecuted new discoveries as signs from God.
c)
The Church supported the work of some scientists but not others.
d)
The Church persecuted scientists who challenged religious teachings.
40.
During the Scientific Revolution, both Copernicus and Galileo
a)
supported a new theory of the universe related to the motion of Sun and other planets.
b)
supported a theory of the universe that contradicted the teachings of the Catholic Church.
c)
supported the geocentric theory in opposition to the beliefs of most Christians at the time.
d)
opposed the study of the sun, moon, and stars because it was considered heresy.
41.
Which statement best describes the scientific method?
a)
The scientific method was a new theory about the planets and the sun.
b)
The scientific method was a set of theories that countered Church teachings.
c)
The scientific method was a new way to solve problems and do research.
d)
The scientific method was a way to solve problems and research the Greeks.
42.
The geocentric theory states that the center of the universe is
a)
the sun
b)
the earth
c)
the moon.
d)
Jupiter.
43.
During the Middle Ages, Islamic scholars made key advancements in
a)
astronomy, biology, geology, and medicine.
b)
biology, botany, mathematics, and physics.
c)
astronomy, mathematics, biology, botany, and physics.
d)
astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and physics.
44.
One result of the Scientific Revolution was the _________________________, which was a new way to solve problems and conduct research.
a)
Enlightenment
b)
Heliocentric theory
c)
Scientific Method.
d)
Scientific Revolution
45.
The heliocentric theory states that the center of the universe is
a)
the moon.
b)
Earth.
c)
Jupiter.
d)
the sun.
46.
Why was Louis XVI considered ineffectual?
a)
He decreased the taxes on the aristocracy.
b)
He supported the US in the American Revolution.
c)
He was out of touch with the citizens needs.
d)
He was advised only by the clergy.
47.
Who developed the theory that the Earth is in the center of the universe?
a)
Galileo.
b)
Socrates.
c)
Euclid.
d)
Aristotle.
48.
Why did many scientists reject the Copernican model when it was published?
a)
It proposed that gravity affects motion on Earth, which sounded unbelievable to many people.
b)
It supported the teachings of the Catholic Church during the spread of the Protestant Reformation.
c)
It was a change in people’s understanding of the universe and Earth’s place in it.
d)
It presented an unfamiliar method of conducting research and creating new scientific theories.
49.
How did French philosopher René Descartes contribute to the Scientific Revolution?
a)
He invented new scientific instruments.
b)
He developed mathematical principles.
c)
He made discoveries about the universe.
d)
He developed a new way to solve problems.
50.
Which statement best characterizes the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau?
a)
People are naturally reasonable.
b)
People are naturally selfish and violent.
c)
Governments create unequal societies.
d)
Government should be separate from religion.
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