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MS-ESS1-4 - Q1

Total questions: 65

Worksheet time: 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What type of dating measures radioactive decay?

a)

Absolute dating

b)

Relative dating

c)

Carbon dating

d)

Thermoluminescence dating

2.

How can scientists forecast volcanic eruptions?

a)

Gas emissions, seismic activity

b)

Studying animal migration patterns

c)

Observing changes in plant growth

d)

Tracking ocean currents

e)

Measuring wind speed

3.

What does the geologic time scale organize?

a)

Earth’s 4.6 billion year history

b)

The order of the planets in the solar system

c)

The classification of living organisms

d)

The layers of the atmosphere

4.

What energy source drives plate movement?

a)

Heat from Earth's interior

b)

Solar energy from the Sun

c)

Wind energy in the atmosphere

d)

Tidal energy from the Moon

5.

Natural hazards cannot be prevented because:

a)

they are caused by natural processes beyond human control.

b)

they can be easily predicted and stopped.

c)

they are always caused by human activities.

d)

they only occur in certain countries.

6.

How can scientists forecast volcanic eruptions?

a)

Gas emissions, seismic activity

b)

Studying animal migration patterns

c)

Observing plant growth rates

d)

Measuring ocean tides

7.

What evidence from rock layers helps scientists tell the age of Earth?

a)

Fossils and relative dating

b)

Magnetic fields and ocean currents

c)

Weather patterns and climate zones

d)

Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes

8.

What technology helps reduce hazard impacts?

a)

Warning systems and building codes

b)

Social media trends

c)

Fashion accessories

d)

Music streaming services

9.

What type of dating measures radioactive decay?

a)

Absolute dating

b)

Relative dating

c)

Carbon dating

d)

Thermoluminescence dating

10.

Glaciers change landforms by:

a)

eroding and depositing rocks and soil

b)

increasing volcanic activity

c)

causing earthquakes

d)

creating sand dunes

11.

How can scientists forecast volcanic eruptions?

a)

Gas emissions, seismic activity

b)

Studying animal migration patterns

c)

Observing changes in plant growth

d)

Tracking ocean tides

12.

Evidence that supports plate tectonics includes which of the following?

a)

The fit of the continents, fossil distribution, and matching geological formations

b)

The phases of the moon

c)

The orbit of planets around the sun

d)

The presence of hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean

13.

Earthquakes affect resource access because:

a)

they can damage infrastructure and disrupt supply chains.

b)

they increase rainfall in affected areas.

c)

they improve transportation networks.

d)

they create new natural resources.

14.

The limits that must be considered when designing a dam include:

a)

structural strength, water pressure, environmental impact, and safety regulations

b)

only the height of the dam

c)

the color of the dam

d)

the number of workers on site

15.
What is Magma when it reaches the surface of Earth?
a)
Lava
b)
Mafic Magma
c)
Felsic Magma
d)
None of these
16.

What type of volcano is this?

a)

Cinder Cone

b)

Shield

c)

Strato Composite

d)

Extinct

17.

True or False: Molten rock inside of a volcano is called lava

a)

True

b)

False

18.

What is the primary cause of volcanic eruptions?

a)

Shifting of tectonic plates

b)

High pressure in the Earth's atmosphere

c)

Melting of ice caps

d)

The movement of magma towards the Earth's surface

19.

This landform is a quick change to land formed by lava erupting from the ground slowly building up over time is called-

a)

volcano

b)

landslide

c)

earthquake

d)

delta

20.

The molton rock ON or ABOVE Earth's surface

a)

Lava

b)

Magma

c)

Core

21.
There are volcanoes underwater.
a)
True 
b)
False
22.

What happens during a volcano?

a)

Magma moves up from the mantle and erupts.

b)

Large pieces of land break off and slide down.

c)

The ground freezes and melts when it's warmer.

d)

Water in streams and rivers overflows the banks.

23.

What causes this island mountain to keep getting bigger?

a)

erosion

b)

volcanic eruption

c)

earthquakes

d)

deposition

24.

Which statement is the most accurate?

a)

Magma and lava describe the same thing

b)

Once lava reaches the Earth's surface, it is then called magma.

c)

Once magma reaches the earth's surface, it is then called lava.

25.

Which is the best explanation for the composite volcano illustrated in the image.

a)

They are built of alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, and cinders.

b)

Broad volcano with sloping sides that is formed mainly out of runny lava that flows out of its central summit vent. Examples of Shield Volcano: Mauna Loa in the Island of Hawaii,

c)

They erupt high-silica materials explosively, creating giant columns of ash in “supervolcano” eruptions. collapse over the evacuated subsurface.

d)

the simplest type of volcano. They are built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent. As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air,

26.

Which answer choice correctly describes what is happening in the image?

a)

Liquid rock is being pushed to the surface as LAVA, and then exiting the volcano as MAGMA.

b)

Liquid rock is being pushed to the surface as MAGMA, and then exiting from the volcano as LAVA.

27.

A Volcano ...

a)

A mountain with a crater or vent in which lava, rocks, vapor, and gas erupt

b)

Often form at plate boundaries

c)

Erupts because pressure builds up as gas bubbles form in magma inside the volcano

d)

All of the above

28.
Vocanoes are found...
a)
on land
b)
under water
c)
on islands
d)
all of the above
29.

What is a dormant volcano?

a)

molten rock

b)

the center of a volcano

c)

will never erupt again

d)

a volcano that is sleeping, but could erupt agian

30.

Scientists estimate that if index fossils were deposited during a certain time frame, then the entire rock layer was also deposited at the same time.


A scientist finds Trophite fossils. According to the chart above, in what era and period was this rock layer deposited?

a)

Cenozoic era; Tertiary period

b)

Mesozoic era; Triassic period

c)

Paleozoic era; Permian period

d)

Paleozoic era; Mississippian period

31.

Scientists estimate that if index fossils were deposited during a certain time frame, then the entire rock layer was also deposited at the same time.
A scientist finds Trophite fossils. According to the chart above, in what era and period was this rock layer deposited?

a)

Cenozoic era; Tertiary period

b)

Mesozoic era; Triassic period

c)

Paleozoic era; Permian period

d)

Paleozoic era; Mississippian period

32.
What type of plate boundary is this?
a)
Plate
b)
Divergent
c)
Convergent
d)
Transform
33.

Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by _______

a)

convection.

b)

continental drift.

c)

subduction.

d)

conduction.

34.
This is a picture of glacier scars found in Africa.  What are these evidence for?
a)
Africa has always been near the equator
b)
Africa was once in an area of the Earth that had a very cold climate
c)
The continents have not moved
d)
sea floor spreading
35.

The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as _______

a)

convection.

b)

continental drift.

c)

subduction.

d)

conduction.

36.
The model below shows two continental   plates.  The folded mountains in this   model form at which type of plate   boundary?
a)
Divergent boundary
b)
Convergent boundary
c)
Transform boundary
d)
Subduction boundary
37.
Name the boundary
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
38.
Name the boundary
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
39.
Name the boundary
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
40.
Earth's crust is broken up into several large rocky pieces called ...
a)
plates
b)
faults
c)
fossils
d)
puzzle pieces
41.
This type of plate boundary is when two plates crash into each other.
a)
Convergent
b)
Transform
c)
Divergent
d)
Subductive
42.
____________ is the theory that the lithosphere is divided into plates that are always moving.
a)
Plate tectonics
b)
Mid-Ocean ridge
c)
Divergent
d)
Fault
43.
The San Andrea's Fault in California is which type of boundary?
a)
Convergent
b)
Divergent
c)
Subductive Zone
d)
Transform
44.

What is happening in the picture?

a)

layers of the Earth are changing positions

b)

the inner and outer core are solid

c)

convection currents are causing the tectonic plates to move

d)

the mantle is growing

45.
What is the theory that states that parts of the Earth's crust slowly drift atop a liquid core.
a)
Theory of Evolution
b)
Heliocentric Theory
c)
Geocentric Theory
d)
Continental Drift Theory
46.
A tsunami is...
a)
a spinning windstorm that forms over the ocean.
b)
a series of ocean waves.
c)
a vibration deep within the Earth or at its surface.
d)
when magma rises through the Earth's surface. 
47.

What is a Natural Hazard?

a)

Catastrophic events caused by nature.

b)

Very hazardous to living organisms.

c)

An event that can cause major damage and cause injury or death to living organisms.

d)

Cause changes to Earth’s surface.

48.

What is a hurricane?

a)

Giant waves caused by underwater earthquakes

b)

Storm created by a cold front.

c)

Large cycling storms with high speed winds that form over warm ocean waters.

d)

Columns of spinning air that forms over land.

49.

What is the primary cause of tsunamis?

a)

Strong winds

b)

Underwater earthquakes

c)

Heavy rainfall

d)

Volcanic eruptions

50.

What natural disaster is directly related to the movement of tectonic plates?

a)

Tornadoes

b)

Earthquakes

c)

Hurricanes

d)

Floods

51.
What would be most effective in minimizing the potential damage caused by an earthquake?
a)
Installing sirens in areas prone to earthquakes
b)
Building structure that withstand ground vibrations.
c)
Increasing the amount of concrete during road building
d)
Requiring the recycling of metal and wood products
52.

Which natural disaster is directly related to the movement of tectonic plates?

a)

Hurricanes

b)

Earthquakes

c)

Tornadoes

d)

Floods

53.
debris flow
a)
A huge destructive wave (especially one caused by an earthquake)
b)
A downslope movement of mud mixed with larger rock fragments.
c)
National Weather Service
d)
a flood caused by heavy or excessive rainfall in a short period of time(less than 6 hours)
54.

What is an example of a natural hazard?

a)

Taking a bath

b)

Running down a mountain

c)

Tornado

d)

Swimming through a wave

55.

The fossil evidence suggest what about the history of this location?

a)

it has always been a marine environment

b)

it was a marine environment that became a land environment

c)

it was a land environment that became a marine environment

d)

it has always been a land environment

56.

What information do scientists learn from fossils?

a)

to understand life and conditions from the past

b)

to recognize future climate change

c)

provide information about how people traveled in the past.

d)
  1. to harness the sun’s radiant energy​

57.

Who is a paleontologist?

a)

A scientist who uses fossil evidence to study life in prehistoric times, including when events occurred in Earth’s history

b)

A person studying natural resource management

c)

A researcher focusing on renewable resources

d)

A geologist who studies rock formations

58.

If there was a fish fossil found in the dessert, what would that tell you about the area long ago?

a)

It was always a dessert.

b)

It was once covered with water.

c)

It was once a jungle.

d)

It was once a prairie.

59.

When did fossil evidence become abundant in the geologic record?

a)

during the Devonian period

b)

during the Jurassic period, when dinosaurs roamed the Earth

c)

during the Cambrian period, known as the Cambrian explosion

d)

during the Quaternary period when mammals ruled the Earth

60.

The Culpepper basin in Virginia, as well as some smaller basins near Richmond, have many rocks filled with fish fossils and dinosaur tracks. These rocks are MOST LIKELY

a)

igneous

b)

intrusive

c)

sedimentary

d)

metamorphic

61.
Which rock layer in the diagram seems to be the oldest?
a)
F
b)
E
c)
B
d)
A
62.
According to the law of superposition, the oldest fossils are found 
a)
At the top of the rock layers
b)
Near the bottom of the rock layers
c)
In the middle of the rock layers
d)
Somewhat near the surface
63.

Most fossils are formed within which kind of rock?

a)

sedimentary

b)

metamorphic

c)

igneous

d)

they form equally in all types of rock

64.

Which layer is the oldest?

a)

A

b)

F

c)

Can not be determined

d)

They are all the same age.

65.
Which rock layer in the diagram seems to be the oldest?
a)
F
b)
E
c)
B
d)
A