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2- HUMAN BODY DEFENCE MECHANISM

Total questions: 40

Worksheet time: 20mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A patient with a severe bacterial infection shows delayed immune response. Which immune component is most likely compromised?

a)

Neutrophils

b)

B cells

c)

T cells

d)

Complement proteins

2.

A nurse administers a vaccine. What type of immunity is being induced?

a)

Passive natural

b)

Active artificial

c)

Passive artificial

d)

Active natural

3.

Which immune cell would be most active in a patient with a parasitic infection?

a)

Neutrophils

b)

Eosinophils

c)

B cells

d)

NK cells

4.

A newborn receives antibodies through breast milk. What type of immunity is this?

a)

Active natural

b)

Passive artificial

c)

Passive natural

d)

Active artificial

5.

A nurse suspects an autoimmune disorder. Which immune system property has likely failed?

a)

Specificity

b)

Memory

c)

Non-reactivity to self

d)

Diversity

6.

Which immune cell acts as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity?

a)

Mast cell

b)

Dendritic cell

c)

Neutrophil

d)

Basophil

7.

If a patient lacks Toll-like receptors, what immune function is most affected?

a)

Antibody production

b)

Antigen presentation

c)

Pathogen recognition

d)

Cytokine secretion

8.

Which phase of phagocytosis involves lysosomal fusion?

a)

Margination

b)

Engulfment

c)

Degranulation

d)

Degradation

9.

Which immunoglobulin is most likely elevated in allergic reactions?

a)

IgA

b)

IgG

c)

IgE

d)

IgM

10.

A patient with multiple myeloma shows high levels of Bence Jones proteins. What does this indicate?

a)

T cell dysfunction

b)

NK cell overactivity

c)

Abnormal antibody production

d)

Complement deficiency

11.

Designing a vaccine requires understanding which immune property?

a)

Clonal expansion

b)

Memory

c)

Margination

d)

Diapedesis

12.

Combining antigen recognition and cytokine signaling leads to:

a)

Passive immunity

b)

Phagocytosis

c)

Lymphocyte activation

d)

Complement cascade

13.

Which combination best explains the effectiveness of innate immunity?

a)

Skin + B cells

b)

Neutrophils + Complement proteins

c)

T cells + Plasma cells

d)

NK cells + Antibodies

14.

A patient with impaired macrophage function will likely show reduced:

a)

Antibody production

b)

Antigen presentation

c)

Cytokine secretion

d)

Histamine release

15.

Which immune cells would you expect to be elevated during viral infection?

a)

Basophils and mast cells

b)

NK cells and cytotoxic T cells

c)

B cells and plasma cells

d)

Neutrophils and eosinophils

16.

Evaluate the role of complement proteins in immunity. Which function is most critical?

a)

Antibody production

b)

Direct bacterial killing

c)

Hormone regulation

d)

Cell maturation

17.

Which immune cell would be least effective without cytokine signaling?

a)

NK cells

b)

T cells

c)

Neutrophils

d)

Mast cells

18.

In a transplant patient, which immune property must be suppressed?

a)

Specificity

b)

Memory

c)

Non-reactivity to self

d)

Recognition of foreign antigens

19.

Which immunoglobulin would be most useful in mucosal immunity?

a)

IgG

b)

IgA

c)

IgE

d)

IgM

20.

Which immune response phase ensures long-term protection?

a)

Antigen elimination

b)

Contraction

c)

Memory

d)

Activation

21.

A patient with recurrent infections has low neutrophil count. What is the most likely consequence?

a)

Reduced antibody production

b)

Impaired phagocytosis

c)

Excessive inflammation

d)

Autoimmune response

22.

A nurse observes swelling and redness at an injection site. Which immune process is responsible?

a)

Passive immunity

b)

Inflammation

c)

Antigen presentation

d)

Complement activation

23.

A patient with HIV shows low CD4+ T cell count. What is the implication?

a)

Enhanced innate immunity

b)

Impaired adaptive immunity

c)

Increased antibody production

d)

Overactive NK cells

24.

A child with no thymus will likely have deficiency in:

a)

B cells

b)

T cells

c)

Neutrophils

d)

Mast cells

25.

Which immune cell is most responsible for initiating allergic reactions?

a)

Macrophage

b)

Mast cell

c)

NK cell

d)

Dendritic cell

26.

Which combination best explains the role of macrophages in adaptive immunity?

a)

Phagocytosis + Antigen presentation

b)

Cytokine release + Histamine production

c)

Antibody production + Cell lysis

d)

Complement activation + Fever

27.

Which immune cell is most involved in killing virus-infected cells?

a)

Helper T cell

b)

Cytotoxic T cell

c)

B cell

d)

Plasma cell

28.

Which cytokine is most likely to be elevated during fever?

a)

IL-2

b)

IL-1

c)

IL-4

d)

IL-10

29.

Which immune cell has the shortest lifespan?

a)

Dendritic cell

b)

Neutrophil

c)

T cell

d)

Memory B cell

30.

Which immunoglobulin crosses the placenta to protect the fetus?

a)

IgA

b)

IgM

c)

IgG

d)

IgE

31.

A nurse is assessing a patient with recurrent infections and notes low neutrophil counts. Which nursing action is most appropriate?

a)

Administer antibiotics immediately

b)

Document findings and monitor temperature

c)

Initiate isolation precautions

d)

Refer for bone marrow biopsy

32.

A patient presents with signs of inflammation and elevated IL-6 levels. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate?

a)

Risk for infection related to immune suppression

b)

Acute pain related to tissue injury

c)

Impaired immune response related to cytokine imbalance

d)

Ineffective airway clearance related to inflammation

33.

A nurse is planning care for a patient with impaired macrophage function. Which goal is most appropriate?

a)

Patient will maintain normal body temperature

b)

Patient will demonstrate improved wound healing

c)

Patient will verbalize understanding of antibiotic therapy

d)

Patient will show increased antibody production

34.

During care of a patient receiving passive immunity via gamma globulin, which nursing intervention is essential?

a)

Monitor for signs of allergic reaction

b)

Educate on vaccine schedule

c)

Encourage fluid intake

d)

Assess for fever and chills

35.

A nurse evaluates the effectiveness of a vaccine given 6 weeks ago. Which finding indicates successful outcome?

a)

Elevated IgM levels

b)

Presence of memory B cells

c)

Increased neutrophil count

d)

Reduced inflammation markers

36.

A nurse assesses a patient with suspected autoimmune disease. Which immune system property should be evaluated?

a)

Diversity

b)

Specificity

c)

Non-reactivity to self

d)

Clonal expansion

37.

A patient with low T-cell count is diagnosed with HIV. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate?

a)

Risk for injury related to immune hyperactivity

b)

Risk for infection related to impaired adaptive immunity

c)

Ineffective coping related to chronic illness

d)

Imbalanced nutrition related to poor appetite

38.

For a patient with complement deficiency, which nursing goal is most relevant?

a)

Patient will maintain adequate hydration

b)

Patient will demonstrate understanding of infection prevention

c)

Patient will verbalize pain control strategies

d)

Patient will show improved respiratory function

39.

A nurse is caring for a patient with mast cell activation syndrome. Which intervention is most critical?

a)

Administer antihistamines as prescribed

b)

Encourage ambulation

c)

Provide high-protein diet

d)

Monitor blood glucose levels

40.

After administering a vaccine, the nurse evaluates immune response. Which lab result confirms successful immunization?

a)

Elevated eosinophils

b)

Increased IgG levels

c)

Decreased IL-1

d)

Reduced neutrophil count