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Worksheets2- HUMAN BODY DEFENCE MECHANISM
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 20mins
A patient with a severe bacterial infection shows delayed immune response. Which immune component is most likely compromised?
Neutrophils
B cells
T cells
Complement proteins
A nurse administers a vaccine. What type of immunity is being induced?
Passive natural
Active artificial
Passive artificial
Active natural
Which immune cell would be most active in a patient with a parasitic infection?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
B cells
NK cells
A newborn receives antibodies through breast milk. What type of immunity is this?
Active natural
Passive artificial
Passive natural
Active artificial
A nurse suspects an autoimmune disorder. Which immune system property has likely failed?
Specificity
Memory
Non-reactivity to self
Diversity
Which immune cell acts as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity?
Mast cell
Dendritic cell
Neutrophil
Basophil
If a patient lacks Toll-like receptors, what immune function is most affected?
Antibody production
Antigen presentation
Pathogen recognition
Cytokine secretion
Which phase of phagocytosis involves lysosomal fusion?
Margination
Engulfment
Degranulation
Degradation
Which immunoglobulin is most likely elevated in allergic reactions?
IgA
IgG
IgE
IgM
A patient with multiple myeloma shows high levels of Bence Jones proteins. What does this indicate?
T cell dysfunction
NK cell overactivity
Abnormal antibody production
Complement deficiency
Designing a vaccine requires understanding which immune property?
Clonal expansion
Memory
Margination
Diapedesis
Combining antigen recognition and cytokine signaling leads to:
Passive immunity
Phagocytosis
Lymphocyte activation
Complement cascade
Which combination best explains the effectiveness of innate immunity?
Skin + B cells
Neutrophils + Complement proteins
T cells + Plasma cells
NK cells + Antibodies
A patient with impaired macrophage function will likely show reduced:
Antibody production
Antigen presentation
Cytokine secretion
Histamine release
Which immune cells would you expect to be elevated during viral infection?
Basophils and mast cells
NK cells and cytotoxic T cells
B cells and plasma cells
Neutrophils and eosinophils
Evaluate the role of complement proteins in immunity. Which function is most critical?
Antibody production
Direct bacterial killing
Hormone regulation
Cell maturation
Which immune cell would be least effective without cytokine signaling?
NK cells
T cells
Neutrophils
Mast cells
In a transplant patient, which immune property must be suppressed?
Specificity
Memory
Non-reactivity to self
Recognition of foreign antigens
Which immunoglobulin would be most useful in mucosal immunity?
IgG
IgA
IgE
IgM
Which immune response phase ensures long-term protection?
Antigen elimination
Contraction
Memory
Activation
A patient with recurrent infections has low neutrophil count. What is the most likely consequence?
Reduced antibody production
Impaired phagocytosis
Excessive inflammation
Autoimmune response
A nurse observes swelling and redness at an injection site. Which immune process is responsible?
Passive immunity
Inflammation
Antigen presentation
Complement activation
A patient with HIV shows low CD4+ T cell count. What is the implication?
Enhanced innate immunity
Impaired adaptive immunity
Increased antibody production
Overactive NK cells
A child with no thymus will likely have deficiency in:
B cells
T cells
Neutrophils
Mast cells
Which immune cell is most responsible for initiating allergic reactions?
Macrophage
Mast cell
NK cell
Dendritic cell
Which combination best explains the role of macrophages in adaptive immunity?
Phagocytosis + Antigen presentation
Cytokine release + Histamine production
Antibody production + Cell lysis
Complement activation + Fever
Which immune cell is most involved in killing virus-infected cells?
Helper T cell
Cytotoxic T cell
B cell
Plasma cell
Which cytokine is most likely to be elevated during fever?
IL-2
IL-1
IL-4
IL-10
Which immune cell has the shortest lifespan?
Dendritic cell
Neutrophil
T cell
Memory B cell
Which immunoglobulin crosses the placenta to protect the fetus?
IgA
IgM
IgG
IgE
A nurse is assessing a patient with recurrent infections and notes low neutrophil counts. Which nursing action is most appropriate?
Administer antibiotics immediately
Document findings and monitor temperature
Initiate isolation precautions
Refer for bone marrow biopsy
A patient presents with signs of inflammation and elevated IL-6 levels. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate?
Risk for infection related to immune suppression
Acute pain related to tissue injury
Impaired immune response related to cytokine imbalance
Ineffective airway clearance related to inflammation
A nurse is planning care for a patient with impaired macrophage function. Which goal is most appropriate?
Patient will maintain normal body temperature
Patient will demonstrate improved wound healing
Patient will verbalize understanding of antibiotic therapy
Patient will show increased antibody production
During care of a patient receiving passive immunity via gamma globulin, which nursing intervention is essential?
Monitor for signs of allergic reaction
Educate on vaccine schedule
Encourage fluid intake
Assess for fever and chills
A nurse evaluates the effectiveness of a vaccine given 6 weeks ago. Which finding indicates successful outcome?
Elevated IgM levels
Presence of memory B cells
Increased neutrophil count
Reduced inflammation markers
A nurse assesses a patient with suspected autoimmune disease. Which immune system property should be evaluated?
Diversity
Specificity
Non-reactivity to self
Clonal expansion
A patient with low T-cell count is diagnosed with HIV. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate?
Risk for injury related to immune hyperactivity
Risk for infection related to impaired adaptive immunity
Ineffective coping related to chronic illness
Imbalanced nutrition related to poor appetite
For a patient with complement deficiency, which nursing goal is most relevant?
Patient will maintain adequate hydration
Patient will demonstrate understanding of infection prevention
Patient will verbalize pain control strategies
Patient will show improved respiratory function
A nurse is caring for a patient with mast cell activation syndrome. Which intervention is most critical?
Administer antihistamines as prescribed
Encourage ambulation
Provide high-protein diet
Monitor blood glucose levels
After administering a vaccine, the nurse evaluates immune response. Which lab result confirms successful immunization?
Elevated eosinophils
Increased IgG levels
Decreased IL-1
Reduced neutrophil count
