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WorksheetsCell Theory and Prokaryotic Cells Quiz
Total questions: 53
Worksheet time: 27mins
Which scientists are credited with developing the Cell Theory?
Darwin and Mendel
Schleiden and Schwann
Watson and Crick
Pasteur and Koch
According to the Cell Theory, what is the smallest living unit of organization?
Atom
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
What process do cells rely on for the movement of substances, making them small in size?
Osmosis
Diffusion
Active transport
Endocytosis
Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of diffusion?
Temperature
Concentration of gradient
Distance
Color
As a cell grows, which increases faster: volume or surface area?
Volume
Surface area
Both increase at the same rate
Neither increases
What is the function of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?
DNA replication
Protein synthesis
Energy production
Cell division
Which structure in prokaryotic cells is NOT enclosed by a membrane?
Nucleus
Nucleoid
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
What is the main component of the rigid cell wall in bacteria?
Cellulose
Chitin
Peptidoglycan
Lignin
Which type of microscope can resolve structures as small as ~0.2 nm apart?
Light microscope
Electron microscope
Dissecting microscope
Confocal microscope
How do flagella in prokaryotic cells move?
By ciliary beating
By rotary motion powered by a proton gradient
By actin polymerization
By muscle contraction
Why do long, thin cells like neurons improve diffusion?
They have more mitochondria
They increase the surface area to volume ratio
They contain more ribosomes
They have thicker cell walls
What is the purpose of a polysaccharide coating (glycocalyx) in prokaryotic cells?
Energy production
Protective coat
DNA replication
Protein synthesis
Which type of microscope bounces electrons off the specimen’s surface?
Light microscope
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
Phase contrast microscope
Explain why cells cannot be seen with the naked eye and require microscopes for observation.
Cells are transparent
Cells are smaller than 50 μm
Cells are only found in water
Cells are too colorful
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Archaea?
Lack peptidoglycan
Membrane lipids are distinctly chemically different from bacteria
DNA replication/protein synthesis resembles eukaryotic cells
Contain chloroplasts
What is the main function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?
Repository of genetic information
Synthesis of proteins
Digestion of macromolecules
Transport of organelles
Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in eukaryotic cells?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Vacuole
Lysosome
What is the function of lysosomes in eukaryotic cells?
Digest macromolecules and destroy foreign matter
Store water, ions, and sugars
Synthesize carbohydrates and lipids
Perform photosynthesis
Which structure provides strength to the cytoskeleton?
Intermediate filaments
Actin filaments
Microtubules
Flagella
What is the main role of peroxisomes in the cell?
Break down fatty acids and neutralize hydrogen peroxide
Synthesize proteins
Store genetic information
Transport organelles
How do tight junctions function in cell connections?
Prevent leakage
Allow movement of organelles
Provide strength
Digest foreign matter
Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Receives proteins on the cis face and ships them from the trans face
Synthesizes rRNA and protein
Stores water and waste
Performs photosynthesis
A scientist observes a cell with a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and a cytoskeleton. What type of cell is this most likely to be?
Eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cell
Bacterial cell
Archaeal cell
If a plant cell is missing its central vacuole, which of the following functions would be most directly affected?
Storage of water, ions, and sugars
Synthesis of proteins
Digestion of macromolecules
Transport of organelles
Who first observed cells?
Robert Hooke
Isaac Newton
Charles Darwin
Louis Pasteur
Where is DNA located in bacteria?
Nucleoid
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
What are the two domains of prokaryotes?
Bacteria and Archaea
Bacteria and Eukarya
Archaea and Eukarya
Protists and Fungi
What are ribosomes responsible for?
Protein synthesis
DNA replication
Lipid synthesis
Cell division
According to the endosymbiosis theory, which organelles were once free-living prokaryotes?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Nucleus and ribosomes
Golgi and lysosomes
ER and peroxisomes
Which organelle is NOT part of the endomembrane system?
Mitochondrion
ER
Golgi
Lysosome
Which cytoskeletal fiber is the smallest?
Actin filaments
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Collagen fibers
Why does diffusion limit cell size?
Diffusion is less efficient as cells grow; small cells maximize surface area-to-volume ratio
Larger cells have more DNA
Diffusion is faster in larger cells
Small cells cannot divide
How do bacterial flagella differ from eukaryotic flagella?
Bacterial flagella rotate like propellers (proton-driven), while eukaryotic flagella use a whip-like motion powered by ATP
Both use a whip-like motion powered by ATP
Bacterial flagella are made of microtubules, eukaryotic are not
Eukaryotic flagella rotate like propellers, bacterial use a whip-like motion
Why do plant cells have plasmodesmata but animal cells have gap junctions?
Plant cells use plasmodesmata in their cell walls for transport. Animal cells lack a cell wall so they have to use gap junctions.
Animal cells use plasmodesmata for energy production.
Plant cells do not need to transport materials.
Both use gap junctions for communication.
What is the main structural component of the fluid mosaic model of membranes?
Phospholipid bilayer
Cellulose wall
Glycogen granules
DNA strands
Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?
Phosphate group
Fatty acid tail
Cholesterol ring
Protein channel
Which type of protein spans the entire membrane?
Integral transmembrane protein
Peripheral membrane protein
Glycolipid
Glycoprotein
During passive transport, in which direction do molecules move during diffusion?
High to low concentration
Low to high concentration
Randomly in all directions
Only into the cell
What is the diffusion of water across a membrane called?
Osmosis
Active transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Facilitated diffusion requires which of the following?
Channel or carrier proteins
ATP energy
Cell wall
Ribosomes
Which process requires ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?
Active transport
Passive transport
Osmosis
Diffusion
In the Na+/K+ pump, how many sodium ions are moved out of the cell for every two potassium ions moved in?
3
2
1
4
What is phagocytosis commonly referred to as?
Cell eating
Cell drinking
Cell breathing
Cell dividing
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
It shrinks
It swells
It bursts
It remains the same
Why do plant cells use turgor pressure?
For support
For energy production
For protein synthesis
For DNA replication
Which type of bulk transport moves materials out of the cell?
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Which transport process requires energy?
Diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport
Facilitated diffusion
Which solution will cause an animal cell to burst?
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Hyperosmotic
Carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion require ATP.
True
False
Sodium-potassium pumps use ATP directly.
True
False
Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?
Chloroplast
Golgi apparatus
Ribosome
Peroxisome
What is the main function of lysosomes in animal cells?
Digestion of macromolecules
Energy production
Photosynthesis
Protein synthesis
Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
