Which term describes increased ketone bodies in urine?

Kidneys receive approx what percentage of blood pumped from the heart each minute?

(Hint: it receives one of the highest amounts of blood flow of any organ in the body)

What part of the kidney do the vessels, nerves, and ureter connect to?

the triangular divisions of the medulla of the kidney are called

What term describes an expansion of the upper end of a ureter where calyces empty urine

The structural and functional unit of the kidney is called the

Another name for the Bowman's capsule is the

Which renal tubule structure consists of a straight descending limb, a hairpin turn, and a straight ascending limb?

What urinary structure is made up of a network of blood capillaries tightly balled together?

Where does filtration occur in the nephron?

There are two types of nephrons in the human kidney -the cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons. Which type do we have the most of?

Specialized group of cells called the juxtaglomerular apparatus assist with maintaining which homeostatic mechanism?

The kidney secretes which hormone in response to hypoxia?

What term describes the movement of substances out of the renal tubules into the blood capillaries located around the tubules?

Which of the following substances requires active transport to be reabsorbed in nephron?

Which term best describes the interstitial fluid in the medulla?

Another term for salty is

Which term describes the largest amount of any substance that can be reabsorbed at one time? (It is determined mainly by number of available transporters for that substance.)

Which term describes the amount of substance in the blood above which the kidney excretes the excess substance in urine? (see pg 562 to review)

Glucose in urine is called

Which structure in the nephron does not participate in reabsorption?

Which of the following nephron structures does not participate in secretion?

The process where substances move into urine in the distal tubules and collecting ducts from blood in capillaries around these tubules

What percentage of sugar is typically reabsorbed, or retrieved from the nephron tubules in a healthy individual?

What structure secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

anti-diuretic hormone is best described as a

Which two hormones work together to retain, or reabsorb, kidney filtrate?

The juxtaglomerular apparatus releases which substance? (Hint: it begins the RAAS system)

what does RAAS stand for?

Which of the following hormones acts as a a diuretic?

A small, or scanty, amount of urine is called

The normal amount of urine output in an adult is ________ per day.

Pain caused by the passage of a kidney stone is known as

The medical term for urination, or voiding, is:

Urine exits the body through which structure?

For the emptying reflex to occur, which urinary structure stretches?

The physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine is called

What is another word for enuresis?

A type of incontinence associated with laughing, coughing, or heavy lifting

Which type of urinary incontinence is seen in individuals with nervous system disorders?

General term used to describe pathologic swelling or enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces caused by a blockage of urine outflow

A possible cause for hydronephrosis, this disorder involves the formation of crystalized mineral chunks that develop in the renal pelvis or calyx

Which pathogenic organism is most often associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Feelings of extreme urinary urgency and pain (or dysuria) with urination are often seen in which condition?

General term used to describe inflammation of kidney pelvis region:

Nephrotic syndrome contains which of the following signs:

A test used to measure the concentration of nitrogenous wastes in the blood can indicate failure of the kidneys to remove urea from the blood

Common disorder where large, fluid-filled pockets (cysts) develop in the epithelium of the kidney tubules

(Hint: one of the most common genetic disorders in humans)

Stage 1 of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is best described as:

Which disorder is defined by its failure of the kidneys to properly process blood and form urine?

Infections that begin in the hospital are known as:

Device which includes an ultrasound generator that is used to break apart renal calculi: