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WorksheetsNUR 102 P3 Mastery Exam Answers
Total questions: 57
Worksheet time: 29mins
A 65-year-old patient suffered a stroke and now has severe dysphagia. The gastrointestinal tract is intact and functional. Which nutrition support method is most appropriate?
Parenteral nutrition via central line
Enteral nutrition via nasogastric tube
Oral supplementation with high-protein shakes
Intravenous dextrose and fluids
A patient is scheduled for tube feeding expected to last six weeks. Which route of feeding is most appropriate?
Nasogastric tube feeding
Gastrostomy feeding
Nasojejunal tube feeding
Orogastric tube feeding
A patient with severe pancreatic insufficiency and fat malabsorption is prescribed an enteral feeding regimen. Which type of enteral formula is most appropriate?
Standard polymeric formula
Elemental (hydrolyzed) formula with MCTs
Blenderized whole food formula
Modular protein formula only
A critically ill patient on mechanical ventilation is at high risk for aspiration pneumonia. The physician wants to initiate tube feeding. Which feeding route is most appropriate?
Nasogastric feeding
Gastrostomy feeding
Nasojejunal feeding
Oral feeding with supplements
A 58-year-old man presents with chest pain on exertion. His angiography shows significant narrowing of his coronary arteries due to plaque buildup. Which condition best explains his symptoms?
Cardiomyopathy
Coronary artery disease
Rheumatic heart disease
Aortic stenosis
A patient developed sudden shortness of breath after being on prolonged bed rest following surgery. Imaging revealed a clot that traveled from the leg veins to the lungs. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumothorax
Myocardial infarction
Pneumonia
The history of prolonged immobility and sudden respiratory distress suggests a pulmonary embolism (PE), which occurs when a DVT clot breaks off and lodges in the lungs. DVT (A) alone refers to clots in deep veins of the legs. Heart failure (C) causes gradual dyspnea and fluid overload. Stroke (D) involves the brain, not the lungs. Which is the most likely diagnosis?
Deep vein thrombosis
Pulmonary embolism
Heart failure
Stroke
A 40-year-old woman with a history of untreated strep throat in childhood is now diagnosed with mitral valve insufficiency. Which underlying cardiovascular condition most likely led to her current problem?
Pericarditis
Rheumatic heart disease
Congenital heart defect
Cardiomyopathy
An elderly patient with long-standing hypertension and diabetes now presents with shortness of breath, leg swelling, and fatigue. Echocardiogram shows an enlarged heart with reduced pumping ability. Which condition is most consistent with these findings?
Congenital heart disease
Heart failure
Arrhythmia
Stroke
A 72-year-old woman with a history of stroke has difficulty swallowing and frequently coughs while eating thin liquids. Which modification in liquid consistency would best reduce her aspiration risk?
Thin liquids (e.g., water, tea, coffee)
Nectar-like liquids (e.g., tomato juice, cream soups)
Clear liquids only (e.g., broth, clear juices)
Spoon-thick liquids (e.g., thickened applesauce, pudding)
A 28-year-old man is scheduled for a colonoscopy. Which diet should the nurse anticipate the physician will order the day before the procedure?
Mechanically altered diet
Blenderized diet
Clear liquid diet
Full liquid diet
A patient with jaw wiring after facial trauma requires adequate nutrition while avoiding chewing. Which diet is most appropriate?
Mechanically altered diet
Blenderized liquid diet
A 65-year-old man with GERD reports frequent heartburn, especially at night. Which dietary/lifestyle intervention should the nurse recommend first?
Avoid high-fiber foods such as bran and beans
Drink carbonated beverages between meals
Avoid eating meals within 3 hours before bedtime
Consume spicy foods only in small amounts
A 55-year-old man with hypertension and high LDL cholesterol is counseled on diet. Which meal choice best supports lowering his cardiovascular risk?
Fried chicken with mashed potatoes and gravy
Grilled salmon with brown rice and steamed broccoli
Beef steak with buttered bread and creamed spinach
Ham and cheese sandwich with chips and soda
A 42-year-old woman with a BMI of 31 (obese) and a sedentary lifestyle asks how she can reduce her risk of heart disease. Which intervention is the most effective first step?
Start eating phytosterol-enriched margarine daily
Eliminate all red meat from her diet immediately
Begin a walking routine for 30 minutes most days of the week
Take vitamin E supplements to protect her arteries
A patient with type 2 diabetes and elevated LDL cholesterol asks if she can continue eating eggs daily. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
You can eat unlimited eggs since dietary cholesterol doesn’t affect heart health.
It’s best to limit your intake to about 7 eggs per week.
Switch to egg yolks only since whites are high in cholesterol.
You should completely eliminate eggs from your diet.
A 60-year-old man with a history of high blood pressure reports frequently eating canned soups and fast food. What should the nurse recommend to reduce his cardiovascular risk?
Switch to sea salt instead of table salt
Use herbs and spices to flavor fresh meals at home
Drink more water to dilute the sodium intake
Eat fruit after every salty meal to balance sodium
A patient with chronic pancreatitis reports frequent bulky, oily stools and weight loss. Which dietary intervention is most appropriate to improve nutrient absorption?
Increase intake of long-chain fatty acids
Recommend a fat-free diet to prevent steatorrhea
Include medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil as a fat source
Increase dietary fiber to bind excess fat
A 35-year-old woman of Asian descent reports bloating and diarrhea after drinking milk. She asks how she can still meet her calcium needs. Which is the best recommendation?
Eliminate all dairy permanently and take only supplements
Gradually reintroduce small amounts of milk with meals
Replace milk with fruit juices to prevent GI symptoms
Drink milk on an empty stomach to improve digestion
A 6-year-old boy with celiac disease continues to experience diarrhea despite avoiding wheat, barley, and rye. His parents frequently serve him soy sauce and malted cereals. Which is the most likely explanation for his symptoms?
Cross-contamination from cooking utensils
Gluten-containing hidden ingredients in foods
A patient with celiac disease continues to have symptoms despite a gluten-free diet. What is the most likely reason for persistent symptoms?
Cross-contamination with gluten-containing foods
Gluten-containing hidden ingredients in foods
Lactose intolerance secondary to celiac disease
High fat intake aggravating malabsorption
A patient with a history of gastric bypass surgery develops chronic diarrhea, steatorrhea, and vitamin B12 deficiency. What is the most likely underlying cause?
Rapid gastric emptying leading to fat malabsorption
Bacterial overgrowth dismantling bile acids
Excess pancreatic enzyme secretion
Gluten sensitivity triggered by surgery
A 58-year-old man with a history of long-standing hypertension presents with ankle swelling and fatigue. His lab results show an eGFR of 45 mL/min/1.73m². What is the most likely cause of his CKD?
Recurrent urinary tract infections
Long-term high blood pressure damaging the glomeruli
Polycystic kidney disease due to cyst formation
Kidney stones causing obstruction
A 50-year-old woman with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes is being counseled on kidney protection. Which patient statement indicates understanding of her risk?
If I control my blood sugar, I can reduce damage to my kidneys.
My kidneys won’t be affected by my diabetes as long as I avoid salt.
Kidney disease is mostly genetic, so I don’t need to worry.
As long as I drink more water, I won’t develop kidney disease.
A 32-year-old woman is diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Which statement best explains her condition?
It’s caused by high blood pressure damaging kidney filters.
It’s a genetic condition where cysts grow and impair kidney function.
It’s due to untreated urinary tract infections spreading to my kidneys.
It’s inflammation of the glomeruli caused by infection or drugs.
A 26-year-old woman with recurrent untreated UTIs presents with fever and flank pain. Which complication is she at greatest risk of if left untreated?
Kidney stones
Polycystic kidney disease
Progression to kidney failure due to infection spread
Chronic hypertension leading to CKD
A 12-year-old child presents to the emergency department with rapid breathing, fruity odor on the breath, abdominal pain, and blood glucose of 480 mg/dL. Which complication is most likely occurring?
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome
Hypoglycemia
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetic neuropathy
An overweight 55-year-old man with a family history of diabetes is being screened. His fasting plasma glucose is 132 mg/dL. Which interpretation is most accurate?
He has normal glucose metabolism
He meets the criteria for type 2 diabetes
He has type 1 diabetes
He only requires HbA1c to confirm
A patient with long-standing diabetes complains of blurred vision and has been diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy. Which action by the nurse best applies preventive teaching?
Encourage daily eye exercises to strengthen vision
Emphasize strict glycemic control to slow progression
Recommend increased protein intake to support tissue repair
Teach the patient that vision changes are reversible with time
A nurse is educating a newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patient. Which teaching best demonstrates applying knowledge of the disease process?
You should avoid all carbohydrates to prevent hyperglycemia.
You will always require insulin injections for management.
Regular exercise can help reduce insulin resistance.
Diabetes will resolve completely if you lose weight.
A patient with early-stage chronic kidney disease tells the nurse, “I like eating canned soup every day because it’s quick and easy.” What is the best response by the nurse?
Canned soups are high in sodium and should be limited in your diet.
Canned soups are a healthy choice for your condition.
You can eat as much canned soup as you like.
Canned soups have no effect on kidney disease.
Which is the best response for a patient with CKD who asks about eating canned soup?
A. “That’s fine, just make sure you also eat fresh fruit with it.”
B. “You should rinse the canned soup with water before heating it.”
C. “Canned soups are high in sodium, so it’s better to prepare fresh soups at home.”
D. “Add table salt only after heating so you can control the taste.”
A patient with CKD asks why the doctor recommended limiting protein portions. Which explanation by the nurse is most appropriate?
Protein increases your blood pressure, making kidney disease worse.
When your body uses protein, it creates waste that your kidneys must filter, which can strain them.
Too much protein causes high blood sugar, which harms your kidneys.
Protein does not provide essential nutrients for your body, so it should be restricted.
The nurse is teaching a CKD patient about heart-healthy cooking methods. Which meal choice demonstrates correct understanding?
Fried chicken with mashed potatoes and gravy
Grilled salmon with steamed green beans and brown rice
Breaded pork chop deep fried in corn oil
Beef burger with cheese and fries
A CKD patient reports itching and joint pain. Lab results show elevated phosphorus levels. Which dietary change is most helpful?
Reduce phosphorus-rich foods
Increase protein intake
Increase sodium intake
Add more dairy products
During a community health teaching, a nurse discusses modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis. Which statement made by a participant shows the need for further teaching?
Since I’m a man and over 55, I already have a higher risk for atherosclerosis.
If I quit smoking and lose some weight, I can lower my risk.
Even though my father had early heart disease, I can still help lower my own risk by exercising.
Because I can’t change my family history, there’s nothing I can do to prevent atherosclerosis.
A patient with high LDL cholesterol asks why the doctor prescribed a statin. What is the best explanation by the nurse?
It helps lower your blood sugar and prevents diabetes.
It reduces the amount of cholesterol your liver makes, which lowers LDL levels in your blood.
It removes plaque that is already built up in your arteries.
It increases the amount of calcium in your arteries to strengthen the vessel walls.
A 62-year-old patient reports chest discomfort that radiates to the left arm and jaw while walking. What is the nurse’s priority action?
Administer oxygen and assess vital signs
Give the patient food and water
Encourage the patient to walk more
Apply a warm compress to the chest
A patient presents with chest pain radiating to the arm/jaw. Which action should the nurse take first?
Encourage the patient to continue walking to improve circulation.
Document the pain and schedule the patient’s next routine visit.
Instruct the patient to rest and notify the healthcare provider immediately.
Suggest taking an over-the-counter antacid for indigestion relief.
A patient recovering from a transient ischemic attack (TIA) asks how this event relates to atherosclerosis. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
A. “A TIA means your arteries are hardened but will not affect your brain.”
B. “It is a temporary blockage of blood flow, often caused by plaque or clots from atherosclerosis.”
C. “It happens when your blood vessels are too flexible, letting clots pass through too quickly.”
D. “It is caused by dehydration, not artery problems.”
During a health fair, a volunteer gives a short lecture to a group of mothers on the benefits of breastfeeding and uses posters to illustrate her points. Which of the following best describes this activity?
Nutrition counseling
Nutrition education
Ethical counseling
Nutrition assessment
A nurse is counseling a patient with diabetes. The patient shares difficulty in reducing sugary snacks. The nurse listens carefully, acknowledges the struggle, and then suggests small, realistic steps such as replacing one soda per day with water. Which counseling principle is being demonstrated?
Setting realistic and achievable goals
Providing medical advice only
Ignoring patient concerns
Focusing on strict dietary restrictions
Which of the following is a tip for effective counseling?
Do more talking than listening
Give suggestions, not commands
Provide as much information as possible in one session
Correct the patient firmly to avoid mistakes
A client reveals sensitive personal information during a nutrition counseling session. What is the counselor’s most appropriate response?
Share the information with colleagues for learning purposes.
Keep the client’s information confidential unless needed for care.
Use the information to convince the client to follow instructions.
Document it publicly so others can see progress.
A health worker is using the GALIDRAA approach in nutrition counseling. After listening to the client and identifying key problems, what should the counselor do next?
Immediately tell the client all the diet rules to follow strictly.
Discuss realistic options and use visual aids to engage the client.
Ask only yes/no questions to shorten the discussion.
Move directly to scheduling the next appointment.
A 9-year-old child with nephrotic syndrome has generalized edema. The physician orders sodium restriction and prescribes diuretics. Which nursing instruction best applies the nutrition principles for this child?
Avoid adding salt to foods and choose low-sodium snacks.
Encourage high-protein, high-salt foods.
Allow the child to eat salty snacks in moderation.
Increase fluid intake to help reduce edema.
A hospitalized patient with acute kidney injury develops oliguria. Which nursing action best applies the principle of fluid management?
Provide free access to fluids to prevent dehydration
Calculate fluid needs based on urine output plus 400–500 mL for insensible losses
Restrict all oral fluids until urine output improves
Administer fluids only during dialysis sessions
A patient with stage 4 chronic kidney disease asks why protein intake is limited. Which response by the nurse best applies knowledge of disease progression?
Low-protein diets prevent anemia caused by kidney disease.
Too much protein can increase urea and worsen kidney damage.
Protein restriction lowers sodium levels and prevents hypertension.
Restricting protein reduces fluid retention in your body.
A 58-year-old man with diabetic nephropathy is admitted for worsening kidney function. He has edema, elevated serum creatinine, and hyperkalemia. Which dietary teaching is MOST appropriate?
Provide potato chips as snacks since they are high in potassium
Encourage canned soups to increase protein and fluid intake
Offer fresh fruits and vegetables instead of processed foods
Recommend a high-protein diet to replace urinary protein losses
Which of the above is the correct intervention to help control fluid retention?
Encourage bananas and oranges to improve potassium levels
Recommend high-protein meals to replace urinary protein losses
Limit sodium intake to help control fluid retention
Provide frequent high-fat snacks to prevent weight loss
A patient is admitted after major surgery and is experiencing acute stress. The nurse explains to a student nurse that the body’s priority during this state is to:
Promote growth and tissue building
Conserve nutrients for reproduction and immunity
Mobilize energy nutrients from storage for immediate use
Decrease heart rate and blood pressure to conserve energy
A patient undergoing chemotherapy reports severe loss of appetite, altered taste, and oral soreness. The nurse recognizes these symptoms primarily contribute to:
Increased energy metabolism due to tumor growth
Decreased food intake leading to malnutrition and wasting
Enhanced immune function during cancer treatment
Greater tolerance for protein and micronutrient supplementation
A client with HIV presents with painful oral lesions due to candidiasis, which makes swallowing difficult. The nurse anticipates this will most likely lead to:
Increased nutrient absorption in the intestines
Decreased food intake and risk of wasting
A food service worker is preparing chicken and salad at the same workstation. To minimize the risk of foodborne illness, the worker should:
Use the same cutting board but wash it with cold water between items
Prepare raw chicken first, then cut vegetables on the same board
Use separate cutting boards for meat and produce
Wash chicken thoroughly before cutting to remove bacteria
After a large meal at a clinic event, leftover casserole sits on the table for 3 hours before being refrigerated. The safest nursing action is to:
Reheat the casserole to 165ºF and then refrigerate
Place the casserole in the freezer to stop bacterial growth
Discard the casserole immediately
Taste the casserole first to check freshness
A staff member tastes a container of leftover stew to “check if it’s still good” after 5 days in the refrigerator. What is the best response by the supervisor?
Discard the stew immediately, reminding staff never to taste-test for freshness
Reheat the stew to 165ºF before serving to kill bacteria
Place the stew in the freezer to extend its shelf life
Perform a visual check for mold before discarding
What should you do if you are unsure about the freshness of leftover stew?
Discard the stew immediately, reminding staff never to taste-test for freshness
Taste the stew to check if it is still good
Reheat the stew to kill any bacteria
Freeze the stew for later use
