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Foundations of Government

Total questions: 77

Worksheet time: 39mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Social Contract - An agreement between ____________ and ____________ where people give up some freedoms in exchange for protection and order.

a)

government, people

b)

president, congress

c)

citizens, police

d)

judges, lawyers

2.

Natural Rights - Basic rights that all people are born with. List the three natural rights: ____________, ____________, and ____________.

a)

life, liberty, property

b)

freedom, justice, equality

c)

wealth, fame, power

d)

order, security, happiness

3.

Natural Rights - These ideas came from which philosopher?

a)

John Locke

b)

Thomas Hobbes

c)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

d)

Baron de Montesquieu

4.

Rights of Englishmen (English Bill of Rights)- Basic rights that all subjects of the English King or Queen were entitled to, such as ____________ and protection from ____________.

a)

trial by jury, taxation without representation

b)

freedom of speech, forced labor

c)

owning land, religious persecution

d)

voting in all elections, military service

5.

Limited Government - The idea that government power should be ____________ and not absolute.

a)

limited

b)

expanded

c)

unrestricted

d)

centralized

6.

Limited Government - This principle was established in which document?

a)

Magna Carta

b)

Declaration of Independence

c)

U.S. Constitution

d)

Bill of Rights

7.

John Locke - ____________________________________________

a)

Natural rights (life, liberty, property)

b)

Divine right of kings

c)

Social contract with absolute monarchy

d)

Theory of evolution

8.

Baron de Montesquieu - Known for ____________________________________________

a)

separation of powers

b)

the theory of evolution

c)

the invention of the printing press

d)

the discovery of gravity

e)

the heliocentric theory

9.

Benjamin Franklin - Best represented ____________________________________________ thinking

a)

Enlightenment

b)

Romantic

c)

Medieval

d)

Baroque

10.

Magna Carta (1215) - Established the principle of ____________

a)

limited government

b)

absolute monarchy

c)

universal suffrage

d)

divine right of kings

11.

Mayflower Compact (1620) - Written by the ____________; created a framework for ____________ in Plymouth Colony.

a)

Pilgrims; government

b)

Puritans; religion

c)

Colonists; trade

d)

Explorers; education

12.

What was the main economic activity in ALL 13 colonies?

a)

Farming (or agriculture)

b)

Mining

c)

Shipbuilding

d)

Fishing

13.

List the New England Colonies:

a)

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut

b)

Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina

c)

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

d)

Georgia, South Carolina, Virginia, Maryland

14.

What kind of soil did New England have?

a)

Rocky

b)

Sandy

c)

Clay

d)

Fertile

15.

What kind of winters? ____________

a)

Long and cold

b)

Short and warm

c)

Mild and rainy

d)

Hot and dry

16.

What two main industries did colonists turn to because of the geography? ____________ and ____________

a)

Fishing and shipbuilding

b)

Farming and mining

c)

Textile and banking

d)

Hunting and trading

17.

List other New England industries: ____________, ____________

a)

Whaling, lumber

b)

Cotton, rice

c)

Gold mining, oil drilling

d)

Cattle ranching, citrus farming

18.

List the Middle Colonies:

a)

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

b)

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire

c)

Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

d)

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina

19.

What kind of soil? ____________

a)

Fertile

b)

Rocky

c)

Sandy

d)

Clayey

20.

What kind of climate? ____________

a)

Mild

b)

Arid

c)

Polar

d)

Tropical

21.

This allowed for _____________ and large scale _____________

a)

farming, agriculture (or similar terms based on context)

b)

hunting, migration

c)

trading, exploration

d)

writing, communication

22.

The Middle Colonies were known for which THREE things?

a)

Diversity, religious tolerance, farming (or similar based on context)

b)

Shipbuilding, whaling, Puritanism

c)

Plantation agriculture, slavery, tobacco

d)

Mining, gold rushes, fur trading

23.

List the Southern Colonies: 1. __________________________ 2. __________________________ 3. __________________________ 4. __________________________ 5. __________________________

a)

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

b)

Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

c)

Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine

d)

Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Illinois

24.

What kind of soil? ______________

a)

Fertile or rich soil (or similar based on context)

b)

Sandy soil

c)

Clay soil

d)

Rocky soil

25.

What kind of climate? ______________

a)

Warm or humid climate (or similar based on context)

b)

Cold and dry climate

c)

Desert climate

d)

Polar climate

26.

This allowed them to build large _____________.

a)

plantations (or similar based on context)

b)

houses

c)

boats

d)

roads

27.

List the main products of the Southern Colonies:

a)

Tobacco, rice, indigo (or similar based on context)

b)

Wheat, corn, barley

c)

Furs, fish, timber

d)

Textiles, iron, ships

28.

Key Economic Terms - Write the definitions Cash Crop - ____________________________

a)

A crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower.

b)

A crop grown only for local consumption.

c)

A crop that is always edible.

d)

A crop that is used only for animal feed.

29.

Key Economic Terms - Write the definitions Plantation - ____________________________

a)

A large farm on which crops are grown for sale, often using slave labor.

b)

A small shop selling local goods.

c)

A type of government building.

d)

A machine used for planting seeds.

30.

Key Economic Terms - Write the definitions Imports - ____________________________

a)

Goods brought into a country from abroad for sale.

b)

Goods sent from a country to be sold abroad.

c)

Services provided within a country.

d)

Money earned from domestic production.

31.

Key Economic Terms - Write the definitions Exports - ____________________________

a)

Goods sent to another country for sale.

b)

Goods bought from another country for use.

c)

Services provided within the country.

d)

Money borrowed from international banks.

32.

Subsistence Farming - _____________________________________________

a)

Growing enough food to feed one's family, with little left over to sell or trade.

b)

Producing crops mainly for export to other countries.

c)

Farming using only advanced machinery and technology.

d)

Raising animals for commercial meat production only.

33.

Middle Passage - The leg of the triangular trade route that brought ____________ to ____________.

a)

enslaved Africans; the Americas

b)

cotton; Europe

c)

sugar; Africa

d)

manufactured goods; the Americas

34.

Why was this journey significant?

a)

It was significant because it forcibly transported millions of Africans to the Americas as slaves, profoundly impacting societies on both sides of the Atlantic.

b)

It was significant because it marked the first successful trade agreement between Europe and Africa.

c)

It was significant because it led to the discovery of new spices and trade routes.

d)

It was significant because it resulted in the peaceful migration of people seeking new opportunities.

35.

What was the Great Awakening?

a)

A religious revival movement that swept through the American colonies in the 18th century, emphasizing individual faith and emotional involvement.

b)

A political movement that led to the drafting of the U.S. Constitution.

c)

A military campaign during the American Revolution.

d)

An economic policy promoting trade between the colonies and Europe.

36.

Comparison Chart - Fill in the table Region: New England Soil Type: ____________ Climate: ____________ Main Industries/Products: ____________

a)

Soil Type: Rocky, thin soil Climate: Cold winters, short growing season Main Industries/Products: Shipbuilding, fishing, lumber, small-scale farming

b)

Soil Type: Fertile, rich soil Climate: Mild winters, long growing season Main Industries/Products: Tobacco, rice, indigo

c)

Soil Type: Sandy, poor soil Climate: Hot, humid summers Main Industries/Products: Cotton, sugarcane, large plantations

d)

Soil Type: Volcanic, fertile soil Climate: Tropical, wet and dry seasons Main Industries/Products: Pineapples, sugar, tourism

37.

Comparison Chart - Fill in the table Region: Middle Colonies Soil Type: ____________ Climate: ____________ Main Industries/Products: ____________

a)

Soil Type: Fertile soil Climate: Moderate climate Main Industries/Products: Farming (grains), livestock, ironworks

b)

Soil Type: Rocky soil Climate: Harsh winters Main Industries/Products: Shipbuilding, fishing

c)

Soil Type: Sandy soil Climate: Hot and humid Main Industries/Products: Tobacco, rice, indigo

d)

Soil Type: Clay soil Climate: Dry and arid Main Industries/Products: Mining, cattle ranching

38.

Comparison Chart - Fill in the table Region: Southern Colonies Soil Type: ____________ Climate: ____________ Main Industries/Products: ____________

a)

Soil Type: Rich, fertile soil Climate: Warm climate, long growing season Main Industries/Products: Plantation agriculture (tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton)

b)

Soil Type: Rocky, thin soil Climate: Cold climate, short growing season Main Industries/Products: Shipbuilding, fishing, lumber

c)

Soil Type: Moderately fertile soil Climate: Mild climate, moderate growing season Main Industries/Products: Mixed farming, ironworks, textiles

d)

Soil Type: Sandy, poor soil Climate: Dry climate, very short growing season Main Industries/Products: Mining, fur trading

39.

Geography determined what kind of economy each colonial region developed by:

a)

influencing available resources and climate, which shaped economic activities

b)

ensuring all regions had the same economic opportunities

c)

making every region focus only on manufacturing

d)

forcing all regions to rely solely on trade

40.

Which of the following correctly lists the documents in chronological order and explains what each established? A. Magna Carta (limited the king's power), Mayflower Compact (self-government), English Bill of Rights (rights of citizens), Declaration of Independence (independence from Britain) B. Mayflower Compact (self-government), Magna Carta (limited the king's power), Declaration of Independence (independence from Britain), English Bill of Rights (rights of citizens) C. Declaration of Independence (independence from Britain), Magna Carta (limited the king's power), Mayflower Compact (self-government), English Bill of Rights (rights of citizens) D. English Bill of Rights (rights of citizens), Magna Carta (limited the king's power), Mayflower Compact (self-government), Declaration of Independence (independence from Britain)

a)

A. Magna Carta (limited the king's power), Mayflower Compact (self-government), English Bill of Rights (rights of citizens), Declaration of Independence (independence from Britain)

b)

B. Mayflower Compact (self-government), Magna Carta (limited the king's power), Declaration of Independence (independence from Britain), English Bill of Rights (rights of citizens)

c)

C. Declaration of Independence (independence from Britain), Magna Carta (limited the king's power), Mayflower Compact (self-government), English Bill of Rights (rights of citizens)

d)

D. English Bill of Rights (rights of citizens), Magna Carta (limited the king's power), Mayflower Compact (self-government), Declaration of Independence (independence from Britain)

41.

New England colonists turned to industries like shipbuilding and fishing instead of large-scale farming because:

a)

the region's soil and climate were not suitable for large-scale farming.

b)

they had a tradition of shipbuilding and fishing in England.

c)

there was a lack of demand for farm products in New England.

d)

the government banned large-scale farming in the region.

42.

The Middle and Southern colonies were similar and different in their economies in which of the following ways?

a)

Both had agricultural economies, but the Southern colonies relied more on plantation agriculture and enslaved labor.

b)

Both focused primarily on manufacturing and trade, with little emphasis on agriculture.

c)

The Middle colonies relied solely on fishing, while the Southern colonies focused on mining.

d)

Both colonies had economies based only on small family farms with no use of enslaved labor.

43.

Social Contract: An agreement between the ____________ and the ____________ where people give up some freedoms for protection and order.

a)

people, government

b)

government, people

c)

citizens, police

d)

leaders, citizens

44.

Natural Rights: All people are born with ____________, ____________, and ____________. These ideas came from philosopher ____________.

a)

life, liberty, property, John Locke

b)

freedom, happiness, equality, Thomas Hobbes

c)

justice, peace, security, Jean-Jacques Rousseau

d)

power, wealth, fame, Montesquieu

45.

Rights of Englishmen: Included the right to a ____________ and protection from ____________.

a)

trial by jury, unfair punishment

b)

public education, high taxes

c)

vote in all elections, military service

d)

own land, forced labor

46.

Limited Government: Government power should be ____________, not absolute. This principle was established in the ____________.

a)

limited, Magna Carta

b)

unlimited, Constitution

c)

absolute, Bill of Rights

d)

restricted, Declaration of Independence

47.

Key Enlightenment Thinkers John Locke: Believed people have ____________ rights.

a)

natural

b)

absolute

c)

conditional

d)

temporary

48.

Key Enlightenment Thinkers Baron de Montesquieu: Known for ____________ of powers.

a)

separation

b)

unification

c)

elimination

d)

centralization

49.

Key Enlightenment Thinkers Benjamin Franklin: Best represented ____________ thinking in America.

a)

Enlightenment

b)

Romantic

c)

Medieval

d)

Puritan

50.

Important Documents Magna Carta (1215): Said rulers must ____________ the law.

a)

follow

b)

ignore

c)

rewrite

d)

destroy

51.

Mayflower Compact (1620): Written by the ____________; created ____________ in Plymouth.

a)

Pilgrims; self-government

b)

Puritans; religious freedom

c)

Quakers; representative democracy

d)

Colonists; a monarchy

52.

The 13 Colonies Main economic activity in ALL colonies: ____________

a)

farming

b)

mining

c)

shipbuilding

d)

fishing

53.

New England Colonies Soil: ____________ and rocky

a)

thin

b)

fertile

c)

moist

d)

rich

54.

New England Colonies Winters: ____________ and cold

a)

long

b)

short

c)

mild

d)

rainy

55.

New England Colonies Two main industries: ____________ and ____________

a)

shipbuilding; fishing

b)

farming; mining

c)

textiles; banking

d)

cotton; tobacco

56.

Other industries: ____________, ____________

a)

fishing, shipbuilding

b)

textiles, pottery

c)

mining, forestry

d)

banking, insurance

57.

Soil: ____________

a)

fertile

b)

liquid

c)

plastic

d)

metallic

58.

Middle Colonies Colonies: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware Climate: ____________

a)

mild

b)

arid

c)

tropical

d)

polar

59.

Middle Colonies Colonies: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware This allowed for ____________ and large ____________

a)

farming, harvests

b)

mining, cities

c)

fishing, ports

d)

trading, ships

60.

Middle Colonies Colonies: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware Known as the “____________ Colonies”

a)

Breadbasket

b)

Cotton

c)

Gold

d)

Timber

61.

Southern Colonies Colonies: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia Soil: ____________ Word Bank: rich, warm, plantations, tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton

a)

rich

b)

plantations

c)

tobacco

d)

indigo

62.

Southern Colonies Colonies: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia Climate: ____________ Word Bank: rich, warm, plantations, tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton

a)

warm

b)

plantations

c)

tobacco

d)

cotton

63.

Southern Colonies Colonies: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia Allowed for large ____________

a)

plantations

b)

villages

c)

factories

d)

mines

64.

Southern Colonies Colonies: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia Main products: ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________, ____________

a)

tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton

b)

wheat, barley, oats, rye

c)

fish, lumber, furs, ships

d)

corn, beans, squash, potatoes

65.

Part 3: Colonial Trade & Economy Cash Crop: A crop grown to ____________

a)

sell

b)

eat

c)

store

d)

decorate

66.

Plantation: A large ____________ that used enslaved labor.

a)

farm

b)

city

c)

factory

d)

school

67.

Imports: Goods brought ____________ a country.

a)

into

b)

outside

c)

over

d)

under

68.

Exports: Goods sent ____________ a country.

a)

out of

b)

into

c)

within

d)

around

69.

Subsistence Farming: Growing just enough for ____________. (Word Bank: sell, farm, into, out of, family)

a)

family

b)

sell

c)

farm

d)

out of

70.

Middle Passage: The route that brought ____________ to the ____________.

a)

enslaved Africans, Americas

b)

spices, Europe

c)

cotton, Asia

d)

gold, Africa

71.

Significance: Showed the cruelty and importance of ____________ to colonial economy.

a)

slavery

b)

democracy

c)

immigration

d)

technology

72.

Great Awakening: A religious ____________ that made people more ____________ and challenged authority.

a)

movement, equal

b)

war, divided

c)

festival, isolated

d)

revolution, obedient

73.

Geography & Economy: Geography shaped the economy because ________________________________.

a)

different regions had access to different resources and climates, leading to varied economic activities.

b)

all regions had the same resources, so economies were identical everywhere.

c)

the economy was not affected by geography at all.

d)

people ignored the natural features of their land when developing economies.

74.

5. ______________ (1689)

a)

English Bill of Rights

b)

Magna Carta

c)

Declaration of Independence

d)

Petition of Right

75.

Word Bank: Magna Carta, Mayflower Compact, English Bill of Rights, Declaration of Independence 6. ______________ (1776)

a)

Declaration of Independence

b)

Magna Carta

c)

Mayflower Compact

d)

English Bill of Rights

76.

New England colonists turned to shipbuilding and fishing because _____________________________________________.

a)

the soil was rocky and the climate was not suitable for large-scale farming

b)

they wanted to avoid paying taxes on crops

c)

the region had a shortage of trees for building houses

d)

the government forced them to stop farming

77.

The Middle Colonies had ______________________________________, while the Southern Colonies had ______________________________________.

a)

The Middle Colonies had a mix of farming and industry, while the Southern Colonies had large plantations and relied on agriculture.

b)

The Middle Colonies had only large plantations, while the Southern Colonies had mostly small farms and industries.

c)

The Middle Colonies had a desert climate, while the Southern Colonies had cold winters and little farming.

d)

The Middle Colonies had no agriculture, while the Southern Colonies focused on shipbuilding and trade.