Virus Size Range

2 parts of viruses

protective protein coat

assists in host cell infiltration

may elicit immune response

Capsid may elicit immune response

subunits that forms capsid

number of ____ varies in each virus

either DNA or RNA

part of Classification Scheme for viruses

-single or double stranded

-folded or unfolded

capsid + genome =

the _____ & _____ of capsomeres determines the morphological types of virus

responsible for envelope formation

responsible for binding and penetration

which protein is targeted by vaccines?

e.g. SARS CoV 2

helps with envelope maintenance

found inside the virus

role in maintenance of structure

Viral Nomenclature is based on except:

a. Where it affects & discovered

b. Who discovered

c. Signs of Infections

d. Size and shape

e. What it looks like

Viral Nomenclature has 2 classification systems based on:

Virus often classified by its viral group

The Families are grouped based on the Virus characteristics:

"to creep"

enveloped

double standard DNA

icosahedral capsid

150-200 nm

non-enveloped

single strand RNA

icosahedral capsid

30 nm

straight mucus virus

enveloped

single strand RNA

complex

enveloped

single strand RNA

large petal-shaped spikes

large genome (30 kilobase)

90 to 120 nm

120 nm

Viruses require living tissue for growth and reproduction

Viruses lack the machinery to:

adsorption of capsids or envelope to cell surface receptors

injection of viral genome in human cells

or fusion of viral genome in animal cells

production of building blocks

viral DNA/RNA replicated

viral components assembled creating virions

exit from cell either by:

cell lysis or budding

how many viruses are released during burst time?

VIRUS LIFE CYCLE

time from attachment to release of new viruses

around 30 mins to 1 hour

VIRUS LIFE CYCLE

virus is inactive / dormant

no symptoms of disease

carrier state

VIRUS LIFE CYCLE

activated by stress factors which activates virions

often diagnosed based on symptoms

VIRUS LIFE CYCLE

integrate their genetic material into host's DNA

trigger stress and immune supression

In Viral Identification, it is difficult to see virus. Diagnosis is then based on 2 factors which are:

Oncogenic Viruses:

Viruses' alteration of host's genetic code is reversible as long as it's detected in early stages.

identify the presence of viral protein (e.g. N protein)

involves reverse transcription, polymerase chain reaction

what are the advantages of Antigen testing:

what are the advantages of PCR testing:

does not tell if virus is infectious

susceptible to improper sample taking

low viral load may miss virus

less sensitive

not diagnostic

more likely to get FALSE NEGATIVE

abnormal infectious proteins

caused by neurological diseases

all forms of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs) are related to:

healthy protein contain:

In Prion Hypothesis, which gene gets mutated?

The contraction of TSE (PrP^sc) is considered natural mutation.

SATA

roles of cellula or Prp^c