The most important ability of human beings is that they can ________ 人类最重要的能力是 ________

_______: a form of ability, including the capacity to perceive the world, form concepts, retain memories, apply concepts & memories, seek benefits while avoiding harm, and solve problems.

_______: 本质上是一种能力，包含：感知世界，形成概念，保持记忆，运用概念和记忆，“趋利避害”，解决问题。

A child does not resent their mother for being unattractive, just as a dog does not despise its home for being poor. We should love our imperfect, even "ugly," Mother Earth. 🌍👩 不嫌母丑 狗不厌家贫 我们应该热爱我们并不完美甚至“丑陋”的🌍地球母亲👩

the real shape of mother earth is like __________ 🌍母亲的真实形状像

The earth is the cradle of mankind. Yet mankind cannot forever stay in the cradle. 地球🌍是人类的摇篮，但人类不能永远待在摇篮里。

Yet "Dragon Clan" did not fall entirely. A branch of them—the _____ —survived the cataclysm, successfully carrying on as direct descendants of theropod dinosaurs. 但“龙族”并未彻底失败。它们的一支——____，作为兽脚类恐龙的正统后裔，成功度过了浩劫，并至今仍在天空中翱翔，谱写着“龙族”未曾落幕的演化传奇。

Which evolution sequence below is correct ? 以下哪个进化顺序还是正确的 ？

which one below is correct ?

Which evolution sequence below is correct ? 以下哪个进化顺序还是正确的 ？

Which geologic evolution sequence below is correct ? 以下哪个地质演化顺序还是正确的 ？

"Zhendan" was an elegant name for China in ancient____ , meaning "the land of the rising sun in the East."震旦是古代____ 对中国的雅称；“震旦”一词的字面意思是“东方日出之地”，非常形象地描绘了从南亚次大陆看中国所在的方位。

"Fish prosperity era was the ______ period; the era of giant insects was the ______ period." 鱼类盛世是______纪；巨虫时代是______纪；

“Evolution” natural selection -> mutation of gene to adapt the environment

“进化”的本质是： 自然选择 -> 变异基因🧬 产生适应环境需求的 特性，淘汰“不需要”的特性和基因片段

The ultimate goal of life : maximize the number of____ an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.

生命的终极意义是：最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的____数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量.

Animals are driven by the instinct to seize territory and resources for reproduction. But after three million years of evolution, humanity has seen the vices of brutish instinct give way to the virtues of human nature。 就是要抢夺生存空间和资源，繁衍后代。而人类经过三百多万年的进化🧬已经由人性的光辉取代了兽性的邪恶😈。

Without human nature, much is lost; without bestial nature, all is lost.
— Liu Cixin, "The Three-Body Problem" 没有人性，失去很多；没有兽性，失去一切。------ 《三体》 刘慈欣

According to current fossil and genetic evidence, Homo sapiens emerged in _____ around 300,000 years ago. 根据目前的化石和基因证据，智人（Homo sapiens） 大约在 30万年前, 演化形成于_____。

The correct sequence of human society development should be 人类社会的发展顺序应该是：

Due to high altitudes, rugged landscapes, poor transportation, and the high cost and difficulty of development, having fewer mountains is developmentally advantageous for a country. 山地海拔高，地形崎岖不平，交通不便，开发难度大，成本高，因而一个国家山地越少越好。

About ______% of the Earth’s surface is water-covered. 地球表面积的______% 被水体覆盖。

_______: huge mass of ice that cover land, can be found in arctic area and the Tibet Plateau. ______: 覆盖陆地的巨大冰体，可见于北极地区和青藏高原。

As the warm ocean currents flow from the Equator to the poles, it will ______ the temperature and ______precipitation. 当暖洋流从赤道流向两极时，它会______气温并______降水。

The North ______Current洋流 is a system of heat flows that keeps Western Europe relatively相对 warm.

The major Fisheries and their locations are listed below, which pair is wrong ? 以下哪对渔场和位置匹配不对？

The condition of the atmosphere at a particular time (short term) and place is ______ 一个地区短时间的大气状况是____

It is the ______ energy that drives the weather and climate on Earth. 是____ 能驱动了地球🌍上的天气和气候。

In some plains areas in the middle and lower reaches of rivers, or in river mouths and coastal areas, industrial and agricultural production is more developed, and settlement distribution is more dense. However, in mountainous and desert areas, settlements are scarce or nonexistent. 在一些河流的中下游平原地区或河口、沿海地区，工农业生产比较发达，聚落分布比较密集。而在高山、荒漠地区则少有或没有聚落。

When it is the Winter Solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, it will be around _______ in the year. 南半球的冬至日时，日期是 _______

The 23°26’ North is called ______ & the 23 26’ South is called ______

_______ the day & night are equal in length. _______ 时 昼夜等长。

The natural situation in which heat is retained in Earth’s atmosphere by layer of gases is called ______ Effect. 气体层通过滞留热量使地球大气保持温暖的自然现象，被称为______效应。

Hot all year around and plenty regular rainfall can be found in _____ 全年高温多雨是什么气候？

Tropical Rainforest cannot be found in _______热带雨林气候不能够在哪里被发现？

Vegetation/flora such as evergreen sclerophyllous forest, grapes, olives & citrus are typical for ______ climate. 常绿硬叶林植被例如🫒橄榄和🍊柑桔在哪种气候类型分布区里可以找到？

_______ climate is usually found on the eastern sides of continents. In cities such as Shanghai, China; Sydney, Australia. _______气候通常出现在大陆的东岸。在中国上海、澳大利亚悉尼等城市可见。

Temperate Oceanic /Marine Climate is typical in _______温带海洋性气候在哪里比较典型？

For climates of high mountains, _____ decreases but ______ increases as the elevation/altitude rises in the side facing warm and wet air currents. 随着海拔高度的上升，面向暖湿气流一侧的高山气候，其______会减少，而______则会增加。

All rivers empty into a sea or ocean.

When the moon and the sun are on the same side of the Earth, the tide will be the strongest. 当太阳和月亮位于地球的同一侧，潮汐🌊最强。

Living environments are very different from one place to another, thereby people developed varied ways to fit the local environment. To live in the snowy and icy cold arctic areas, the Eskimos invented _________.

The Equator is at _____ , while the North Pole lies at ________ N. 赤道位于 ________北极位于 ________

_________ circle the Earth parallel to the

Equator & measure the distance north/south of the Equator in degrees. _________与赤道平行环绕地球，并以度数衡量南北距离的线，

__________ or meridians, circle the Earth from

Pole to Pole. These lines measure distances east or west of the starting line, the 0 ° line, which is called ________ Meridian. __________ 或子午线，从地球两极连接。这些线测量从起始线（即0°线）的东或西距离，这条线被称为 ________ 子午线

Contour map has contour line --- every point on the line has ______ data (e.g. elevation / density / price/temperature/air pressure/precipitation, etc.) 等XX线图上 每一条线上的任意一点都具有______的数值 （例如海拔，密度，价格，气温，气压，降水等）

The Eastern Hemisphere is located between ______ & _______

Only volcano eruption and plates collision can cause earthquake.

Earth core is mainly made of ______ & Nickel (metals)

There used to be only one Super Continent in Earth history, and it was the Pangea which was verified by German geologist Alfred Wegener. 地球🌍地质变化历史上只出现过一次超级大陆，即所有大陆都连在一起

Which continent has the most countries with large population & high population density ?

The Prime Meridian, the 0° longitude, divides the Earth into the West Hemisphere & the East hemisphere. 本初子午线或零度经线划分了东西半球。

Global warming can only bring us disasters. 全球变暖只会给各国带来灾难。

What effect does this picture illustrate ? 以下图片描述的是 什么效应？

Are you able to locate certain climate zone on a blank world map like this ?

What does this picture illustrate ? 这张图片描述的是什么？

Which place in the world has the highest population density 人口密度

What does this picture illustrate ? 这张图片描述的是什么？

To adapt to the cold arctic climate, the Aboriginal tribe Eskimo build _____ in northern Canada.

地球是半径_____公里的球体

等高线越密集，地势越______

地球上的7大洲，不包括_____

地球上的四大洋,不包括______

______气候：全年光照充足，高温，但降雨有季节性，有旱季和雨季，植被为稀树草原和灌木

______气候：全年温暖湿润，温差小，降水较均匀，冬季受到北大西洋暖流影响，同纬度地区比中国东北高10度左右。

______气候：夏季光照充足，炎热干燥，冬季温和多雨，湿润，植被多为低矮灌木，常绿硬叶林如橄榄，柑橘，多肉植物，如仙人掌

云南，贵州，广西地区有大量的石林，溶洞，地下暗河和天坑，这些景观统称 ______地貌，是碳酸盐岩石溶于水的特性造成的

______ 是中国面积最小的省级行政区， ______是中国面积最大的省级行政区。

_____气候：夏季高温多雨，冬季寒冷，湿润，植被多为常绿阔叶落叶林

The correlation between plant leaf characteristics and climate types is 植物的叶片特征与对应的气候类型：_____

_____ is the collective term for places where people live together, namely villages and cities. 人们的聚居地——乡村和城市，统称为____。

Which one below is the correct sequence of human evolution? 以下哪个是正确的人类进化🧬顺序？

the earliest human beings i.e. Homo Sapiens presented in the __________ 最早的 现代人类 即“智人”出现在 __________ ？

Homo sapiens occurred against the adervse conditions of the fluctuating & extreme climate of Ice Age. This harsh environment -> promoted human intelligence, tool innovation, social cooperation, etc.智人的整个演化是在第四纪冰期这种反复无常、剧烈波动的气候背景下进行的。这种严酷的环境被认为极大地促进了人类的智力发展、工具创新和社会协作能力。

Earth has experienced several major extinction events throughout its 4.6 billion-year history. These events are known as the ___ Mass Extinctions.地球在其46亿年的历史中经历了————次重大灭绝事件，这些事件被称为___次大规模灭绝。

What is the name of the spacecraft that carries this gold disk of “Sounds & Location of Earth”? 这个带着标记🌍地球位置和声音🔊的黄金💽的太空飞行器叫什么名字？

Population migration: A form of population movement, referring to the spatial movement behavior of people changing their _____________.人口迁移：人口移动的一种形式，是指人们变更 _____________ 的空间流动行为。

Population migration has a permanent or long-term nature. 人口迁移具有 永久性或长期性。

按照是否跨越国界，人口迁移 可分为 _____ 人口迁移 和 国内人口迁移。

区域人口机械增长率为正时，该区域为人口______区；区域人口机械增长率为负时，该区域为人口______ 区。

The change in the population size of a country or region is determined by both natural population growth and mechanical growth. Mechanical growth refers to _____.

• 一个国家或地区人口数量的变化是由人口自然增长 和 机械增长 共同决定的。机械增长指的是 _____ 。

下列人口流动行为中，哪个不属于 人口迁移 ？

Population migration is driven by the push forces (repelling forces) from the place of departure and the pull forces (attracting forces) from the place of arrival. A disadvantageous factor or factors from the place of departure create a ______, forcing people to migrate; favorable factors from the place of arrival create a ______, encouraging people to migrate. 人口迁移的动力由迁出地的推力（排斥力） 与迁入地的拉力（吸引力）共同构成。迁出地的一种或多种不利因素所产生的______ ，迫使人们迁出；迁入地的一种或多种有利因素所形成的______，促使人们迁入。

The natural factors influencing population migration in a region include: _______; 影响一个地区人口迁移的自然因素包括： _______ ；  

The social factors influencing population migration in a region include: _______; 影响一个地区人口迁移的社会因素包括： _______ ；

________  指一个国家的居民进入另一个国家定居的现象，它包括永久性移民、在本国就业的外国人、国际定居难民等。

_______: Refers to the phenomenon of residents within a country moving from one administrative region to settle in another.______: 指一个国家内部的居民从一个行政区进入另一个行政区定居的现象。

下列人口迁移事件中，哪些是国际迁移？

①北宋末年，由于战争引起的中原人口大规模南迁。

② 19 世纪，俄国向西伯利亚流放犯人。

③明清时期，我国广东、福建等省的人民移居东南亚。

④改革开放以来，大批农村剩余劳动力前往大城市和沿海经济发达地区工作并定居。

下列关于人口迁移影响的叙述，正确的是(   )

人口迁入带来的有利影响包括：

人口迁入带来的不利影响包括：

Since records began, the overall trend of the world population has been continuously __________, but the characteristics of population growth vary in different historical periods. Linear stepwise decline. 世界人口的数量自有记录以来，总趋势是不断________的，但不同的历史时期，人口数量增长的特点不同。

Calculating the world population from 1 billion in 1830 to 8 billion in 2021, and the time it took for each additional 1 billion increase in population, we can observe the following characteristics of world population growth: 计算世界人口从1830年的10亿到2021年的80亿，人口每增加10亿所需的时间, 可以发现世界人口增长的特点是：

______ is the region with the highest concentration of overseas Chinese and Chinese immigrants, with a total population of over 20 million. ______是海外华人和华侨分布最集中的地区，华人和华侨人口总数在2000万以上

national interests and people's interests are fundamentally aligned. Safeguarding national interests is an important guarantee for realizing national prosperity, ethnic rejuvenation, and people's happiness. 国家利益与人民利益在根本上是一致的。维护国家利益是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福的重要保证。

Safeguarding national interests is a basic obligation of every Chinese citizen. 维护国家利益是每一个中国公民的基本义务。

Talk won't help the country, only hard work can build a strong nation. In order to achieve a better tomorrow for our motherland, we should unite as one, be down-to-earth, and work together. 。空谈误国，实干兴邦。为了祖国更加美好的明天，我们应该众志成城，脚踏实地，共同奋斗。

Mao Zedong highly praised赞扬 his patriotic spirit精神 by referring to _____ as “the role model of overseas Chinese and the glory of the nation”华侨旗帜，民族光辉        

Although the lightweight boat can run faster than the horse, the sea is perilous. Without the ballast of a keel or the weight of a large ship's cargo, it is easily overturned by strong winds or capsized by large waves, leading to the loss of both the boat and its passengers. 轻便的船儿虽然可以跑的比马儿快，但大海凶险，没有龙骨的配重或大船的压舱石，就容易被大风吹翻，被大浪打翻，人船皆失。

Although a kite can soar high with the wind, it will fall once the string is broken. If we forget who our ancestors are and where we come from, even if we find land in the vast ocean, we will still be wandering orphans. 风筝虽然可以乘风高飞，但断了线，就要坠落下来。如果我们忘了自己的祖先是谁，从哪里来，那我们即使在茫茫大海之中找到陆地，也依然是流浪的孤儿。

The story of the German people tells us: It takes ten years to grow trees, but a hundred years to cultivate people. ____ is truly a long-term national strategy. 德意志民族的故事告诉我们：十年树木，百年树人，____ 实乃国家民族大计。

陈嘉庚在1919年创办了_____。之后又陆陆续续创办了各类专业院校，陈公创校规模之大，种类之多，师生之众，世界罕见。

In 1919, Tan Kah Kee founded the large-scale ______, which was Singapore's first Chinese-language secondary school. 陈嘉庚在1919年他创办了规模宏大的______，这是新加坡第一所华文中学.

Since its establishment, Hua Qiao Secondary School has been a model of the traditional "Chinese schools" in Southeast Asia. To this day, it remains one of the top five secondary schools in Singapore. Although the primary teaching language has been changed to _____, Hua Qiao still maintains a strong Chinese-language background. 华侨中学自开办以来便是传统南洋“华校”的典范，时至今日仍为新加坡最顶尖的5所中学之一。虽然主要教学语言已更改为_____，但华中依然保持了比较浓厚的华文背景。

Among the dazzling stars, there is an asteroid numbered ____, and its name is "Tan Kah Kee Star." 在那群星璀璨之中，有一颗编号为____ 的小行星，他的名字叫做“陈嘉庚星”

The main reason why Antarctica has no permanent residents is ( ). 南极洲无人定居的主要原因是(　　)

The areas with relatively dense world populations are mostly located in ( ) 世界人口比较稠密的地区多位于（　　）中低纬度近海平原地区 赤道附近雨林地区    高纬度两极地区  离海洋较远内陆地区

The area with relatively dense population distribution among the following is ( ):

• 下列地区人口分布较为稠密的是（　　）

Sparsely populated areas are mainly located in regions with harsh natural environments, such as_______ 人口稀疏区主要位于自然环境恶劣的地区， 例如：高原高寒地区. 荒漠戈壁 高纬度地区

The world population distribution is very even, with little difference in population numbers between inland and coastal areas. 世界人口分布是非常均匀的，内陆和沿海地区人口数量相差不大

Why are there population clusters in North America and Europe at mid to high latitudes? ______ has made the originally cold North America and Western Europe warm. 为什么北美和欧洲在中高纬度也有人口聚集？ ______ 让原本应该寒冷的北美和西欧变得温暖

The continent with a lower natural population growth rate is ________, and the continent with a higher natural population growth rate is ________. 人口自然增长率较低的大洲是 _______   ，人口自然增长率较高的大洲是 _______   ，

The continent with the largest population is ________, and the continent with the smallest population is ________人口数量最多的大洲 _______   ，人口数量最少的大洲 _______

Population growth must be adapted to social and economic development, and coordinated with the environment and resources. It should not be too rapid or excessive, nor too slow or insufficient. 人口的增长要与社会、经济的发展相 适应   ，与环境、资源相 协调，不能太多太快，也不能 太少太慢。  

Population _______ growth _______ -> Birth control, family planning; for example, _______ country. 人口_______  增长_______   -> 控制生育，计划生育；  例如 _______ 国

Population _______ appears _______ -> Encourage childbirth, open immigration; for example, _______ country, _______ country. 人口_______  出现_______   -> 鼓励生育，开放移民； 例如 _______ 国，_______ 国

Which of the following is not a problem caused by slow population growth: 以下哪个不是人口增长过慢带来的问题：  

Which of the following is not a problem caused by rapid population growth: 以下哪个不是人口增长过快带来的问题：就业压力大     居住条件差 饥饿贫困 城市垃圾过多 劳动力短缺

Which of the following is not a reason for population growth: ______ 以下哪个不是人口增长的原因______

The natural population growth rate = ______ rate - ______ rate. 人口自然增长率=________率 — ________率.

The world population has generally been __________ since records began, but the characteristics of population growth have varied in different historical periods. 世界人口的数量自有记录以来，总趋势是不断________的，但不同的历史时期，人口数量增长的特点不同。

By calculating the time it takes for the world population to increase by 1 billion, from 1 billion in 1830 to 8 billion in 2021, we can identify the characteristics of world population growth: 计算世界人口从1830年的10亿到2021年的80亿，人口每增加10亿所需的时间, 可以发现世界人口增长的特点是：

In the long-term trend, the total global population is increasing, which leads to more demand for _____ & _____.长远趋势来看，全球的总人口是在增加的，带来的是对_____&_____的更多需求。

Facing the growing demand for resources and space, humanity, whether divided by race or ethnicity, faces a choice: 面对日益增长的资源和空间需求，人类不论是按种族来分还是按民族来分，都面临一个抉择：Vigorously develop science and technology to improve social productivity;1）大力发展科学技术，提高社会生产力；2）通过_________

A country's population is not necessarily better the larger it is. Only when the citizens are healthy, educated, possess the right values, and have a low aging population ratio (below 10%), can a larger population represent greater national strength. This is also crucial for the development of the country's social, economic, and other sectors, as well as the well-being of its citizens. 一个国家的人口不是越多越好，只有当国民是健康的，受过教育的，拥有正确价值观，并且老龄化比例较低时（低于10%），更多的国民才代表更多的国力, 才有利于国家社会经济等各项事业和国民福利的发展。

Global citizenship does not exist because there is no unified Earth government issuing a "global citizen passport." Every person still needs an official identity recognized by a specific national government; otherwise, they would become a "stateless person" and face great difficulty navigating the world. 全球公民并不存在，因为没有一个联合地球政府给你颁发“地球公民护照”，每一个人还是需要具体的国家政府给出一个官方认定的身份，否则就会变成“无国籍者”在世界上寸步难行。

There are many unfortunate stateless people and refugees in the world (due to war, natural disasters, political persecution, etc.). It is difficult for them to obtain citizenship from other countries, because when a country or regional government grants you citizenship, it means they must provide you with a large amount of public services, all of which come at a cost. For example, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region spends over 3 million RMB on each Hong Kong resident over their lifetime. 世界上有很多可怜的无国籍者和难民（战争，自然灾害，政治迫害等），他们很难获得其他国家的国籍，因为一国或一个地区政府给你身份就意味着要给你提供大量公共服务，而这些服务都是有成本的。例如，香港特区给每位香港居民一生花费超过300万人民币。

Severing ties with your home country and becoming a global citizen means you can fully enjoy freedom, live without restrictions, without burdens, and be carefree. 割裂和自己祖国的联系，成为全球公民，意味着你可以充分享受自由，可以无拘无束，毫无负担，逍遥自在。

Which celestial body is a natural satellite/moon? 哪一个天体是天然的卫星🛰️？

There used to be one supercontinent named Pangaea about 300 millions years ago. 3 亿年前地球🌍上曾经存在着一个超级大陆，叫做 盘古大陆。

Which feature is most likely to form at a convergent boundary where two continental plates collide? 哪个特征最有可能在两个大陆板块碰撞的汇聚边界处形成？

What evidence was used by Alfred Wegener to support his theory of continental drift? 阿尔弗雷德·魏格纳使用了哪个证据来支持他的大陆漂移理论：

The term "Paleolithic" means:

The term "Neolithic" means:

What was the most significant development of the Neolithic Age? 新石器时代最重要的发展是什么？

What truly caused the Agricultural Revolution during the Neolithic Age? 新石器时代农业革命的最根本原因是？

Paleolithic humans were primarily: 旧石器时代人们主要是：

The most important outcome of the Agricultural Revolution during the Neolithic Age is population increase. 新石器时代农业革命的最重要结果是 人口大量增加。

Agriculture and domestication brought food surplus in the Neolithic Age. 农业和驯化动植物给新石器时代带来了食物剩余。

Lines of latitude are used to measure distance: 纬度线被用来测量什么距离？

The main purpose of the global grid of latitude and longitude is to identify the location of any place on Earth. 全球经纬网的主要作用是给地球上任意地区 定位

The scientific name for modern humans is:

During which era did dinosaurs dominate the land?恐龙主要生活在：

The "Ring of Fire" around the Pacific Ocean is known for its frequent: 环太平洋的 “火🔥之环”以什么闻名？

中国境内最早的古人类遗址是：

In ancient China, wheat was domesticated in the Yellow River Basin, while rice was domesticated in the Yangtze River Basin.在远古时代的中国，黄河流域驯化了小麦🌾，长江流域驯化了水稻🌾

Early Chinese farming societies relied entirely on farming and did not engage in any hunting or fishing. 早期中国农耕社会完全依赖农业，不从事任何渔猎活动

The positions of the continents on the Earth's surface are stationary and their shapes are permanent.🌍地球表面各个大陆的位置是静止不动的，形状是永久不变的

40. 
    The early Earth's atmosphere was vastly different from today's, containing a higher concentration of gases that would be "toxic and harmful" to us, making it unsuitable for the survival of plants and animals.地球早期大气与现在相比，相差巨大，更多是对我们“有毒☠️有害”的气体成分，不适宜动植物生存。

All meridians/longitude Ines are equal in length, but among the parallels of latitude, the equator is the longest and the lines decrease in length towards the poles. 所有的经线长度相等，但纬度线赤道最长，两极最短。

During the Paleolithic Age, primitive humans survived by hunting and gathering wild fruits, primarily living a nomadic and scattered existence. In the Neolithic Age, people began agricultural cultivation, domesticated animals, and formed settled villages. 旧石器时代原始人打猎采集野果为生，游牧散居为主，新石器时代人们开始农业种植，养殖家畜，形成定居的村落。