Font size
WorksheetsHypothalamic & Pituitary Medications and Endocrine Disorders
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 31mins
Which drug is a recombinant form of human IGF-1 used for children with severe IGF-1 deficiency unresponsive to growth hormone?
Octreotide
Mecasermin
Pegvisomant
Pasireotide
Which agent acts as a GH receptor antagonist used for acromegaly but may increase GH levels?
Somatostatin
Octreotide
Pegvisomant
Mecasermin
Which somatostatin analog has a higher affinity for receptor subtype 5 and provides greater control of acromegaly?
Octreotide
Pasireotide
Lanreotide
Somatostatin
Menotropins (hMG) are purified from:
Placental tissue
Urine of postmenopausal women
Pituitary extract
Human serum
Continuous administration of a GnRH analog results in:
Increased LH and FSH secretion
Decreased LH and FSH secretion
Increased testosterone production
Increased ovulation frequency
Which GnRH analog is commonly administered intranasally for controlled ovarian stimulation?
Leuprolide
Nafarelin
Triptorelin
Histrelin
Which GnRH receptor antagonist is approved for men with advanced prostate cancer?
Ganirelix
Cetrorelix
Degarelix
Gonadorelin
Dopamine normally inhibits prolactin secretion by:
D1 receptor activation
D2 receptor activation
Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade
Increased cAMP production
Which drug is used to treat hyperprolactinemia?
Bromocriptine
Risperidone
Metoclopramide
TRH
Hyperprolactinemia can be induced by:
Dopamine agonists
Dopamine antagonists
Glucocorticoids
Thyroxine
Oxytocin’s uterine contraction is mediated by which second messenger system?
Adenylyl cyclase–cAMP
Phosphoinositide–Ca²⁺ pathway
NO–cGMP
MAP-kinase
Which agent is an oxytocin receptor antagonist used outside the U.S. for preterm labor?
Vasopressin
Atosiban
Desmopressin
Conivaptan
Desmopressin differs from vasopressin because it:
Has shorter duration
Causes vasoconstriction
Is selective for V2 receptors
Raises blood pressure
Conivaptan and tolvaptan are approved for treatment of:
Diabetes insipidus
Hyponatremia
Hypotension
Pulseless arrest
What life-threatening condition can occur with rapid sodium correction using tolvaptan?
Rhabdomyolysis
Osmotic demyelination syndrome
Addisonian crisis
Myxedema coma
Menotropins (hMG) contain which combination of hormones?
LH + FSH
GH + ACTH
TSH + LH
FSH + Prolactin
Continuous administration of GnRH analogs causes:
Increased FSH and LH
Decreased FSH and LH
Increased estrogen levels
Pituitary stimulation
Leuprolide is classified as a:
GnRH antagonist
GnRH analog
Dopamine agonist
Somatostatin analog
Ganirelix and cetrorelix are used during controlled ovarian stimulation to:
Stimulate follicle growth
Prevent premature LH surge
Increase progesterone
Induce ovulation
Which receptor type mediates dopamine’s inhibitory effect on prolactin?
D1
D2
Beta-1
Alpha-2
Which drug can increase prolactin secretion?
Bromocriptine
Risperidone
Cabergoline
Dopamine
Which dopamine agonist is used to treat hyperprolactinemia?
Cabergoline
Risperidone
Metoclopramide
Octreotide
Oxytocin acts through which intracellular signaling pathway?
cAMP
IP₃ / Ca²⁺
cGMP
JAK-STAT
Vasopressin V₁a receptors primarily cause:
Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction
Natriuresis
Increased heart rate
Vasopressin V₂ receptors are responsible for:
Uterine contraction
Water reabsorption
Glycogen breakdown
Vasoconstriction
Desmopressin differs from vasopressin because it:
Is shorter-acting
Causes less vasoconstriction
Has weaker antidiuretic effect
Acts mainly on V₁ receptors
Which drug is FDA-approved for hyponatremia?
Desmopressin
Conivaptan
Vasopressin
Atosiban
Which feature distinguishes neonatal growth from postnatal growth regarding GH dependence?
Both require GH
Neither require GH
Prenatal growth is GH-independent; postnatal growth becomes GH-dependent
Only prenatal growth is GH-dependent
Which recombinant FSH preparations have shorter half-lives than urinary menotropins?
Menotropins
Follitropin alfa and Follitropin beta
Leuprolide and Goserelin
Degarelix and Abarelix
Which condition involves premature activation of secondary sexual characteristics?
Acromegaly
Central precocious puberty
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Hyperthyroidism
Which symptom suggests prolactin deficiency?
Galactorrhea
Failure to lactate
Amenorrhea
Erectile dysfunction
Which medications can cause hyperprolactinemia?
Metoclopramide
Cabergoline
Atosiban
Leuprolide
In addition to diabetes insipidus, desmopressin is indicated for:
Cushing’s syndrome
Nocturnal enuresis
Acromegaly
Ovarian hyperstimulation
Vasopressin is sometimes administered instead of epinephrine for:
Asthma attack
Anaphylaxis
Pulseless cardiac arrest
Septic shock with hypertension
Which oxytocin-related drug is not FDA-approved in the U.S.?
Atosiban
Conivaptan
Desmopressin
Vasopressin
In men, LH primarily stimulates:
Spermatogenesis
Testosterone synthesis
Inhibin B secretion
Estrogen production
Which GnRH analog is administered via a portable IV pump every 90 minutes to treat male infertility?
Goserelin
Gonadorelin
Nafarelin
Histrelin
Which condition benefits from GnRH agonist suppression therapy?
Acromegaly
Endometriosis
Diabetes insipidus
Gigantism
Which symptom best reflects hyperprolactinemia in premenopausal women?
Polyuria
Galactorrhea
Tachycardia
Thyromegaly
Which hormone induces milk ejection (let-down) reflex from mammary alveoli?
Prolactin
Oxytocin
FSH
LH
Which patient population should receive vasopressin cautiously due to risk of coronary ischemia?
Pregnant women
Patients with CAD
Patients with diabetes insipidus
Adolescents with gigantism
Somatostatin inhibits release of which of the following hormones?
GH
TSH
Glucagon
Gastrin
Insulin
The majority of cases of ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome are caused by
Adrenal carcinoma
Primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease
Adrenal adenoma
Pituitary adenoma
In an adult female patient with classic Cushing disease (caused by an adrenal adenoma), the preferred treatment is:
Mitotane 3 g three times a day
Pasireotide 0.6 mg twice daily
Resection of the adrenal tumor
Mifepristone 300 mg once daily
Which of the following drugs has been associated with an increased risk of serious hepatotoxicity?
Cabergoline
Metyrapone
Ketoconazole
Pasireotide
The majority of cases of primary aldosteronism are caused by:
Aldosterone-producing adenomas
Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia
Familial hyperaldosteronism (FH) type 1
The treatment of choice for bilateral adrenal hyperplasia-dependent aldosteronism is:
Spironolactone
Mifepristone
Angiotensin receptor blockers
Partial adrenalectomy
Which of the following signs or symptoms is seen in both primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency?
Hyperpigmentation
Normal aldosterone secretion
Normal response to the rapid ACTH stimulation test
Weakness
The agent of choice for the immediate treatment of acute adrenal insufficiency is:
5% dextrose in normal saline IV
Prednisone 5 mg by mouth
Hydrocortisone 100 mg IV
Fludrocortisone 0.1 mg by mouth
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) associated with deficiency in 21-hydroxylase can lead to selective hypoaldosteronism manifesting hyponatremia or hyperkalemia. Which of the following treatment options is preferred for selective hypoaldosteronism?
Mitotane
Spironolactone
Prednisolone
Fludrocortisone
Which of the following pharmacologic agents would be first line for treatment of hirsutism in women due to adrenal androgen excess?
Dexamethasone
Ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone
Osilodrostat
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Adult patients who will be taking long-term glucocorticoids should be warned about which of the following?
Weight loss and hypersomnia early in therapy
Osteoporosis and glaucoma with chronic therapy
Growth suppression
Need for reduced glucocorticoid dosing during times of increased stress
Which of the following medications is used to treat Cushing’s disease?
Clotrimazole
Propylthiouracil
Mitotane
Vasopressin
Prednisone
A patient was recently discharged from the hospital with a new diagnosis of hypothyroidism. The patient was prescribed with levothyroxine. However, the patient has not started that medication but instead, is trying to manage the thyroid problem by taking iodine supplements. You are assigned to this patient to provide transition of care. Which of the following action should you take?
Have patient continue the supplement and make an appointment for primary care
Advise patient to start levothyroxine while continuing the supplement
Advise patient to start levothryoxine and stop the supplement
Have patient stop the supplement and make an appointment with primary care
This is not part of transition of care activity, therefore, refer this to an endocrinologist
Decreased ketoconazole absorption may occur if it is administered concomitantly with which of the following?
Antacids
Food
Warfarin
Cyclosporine
Clarithromycin
You are a pharmacist that practice under collaborative practice agreement with prescriptive authority at family medicine clinic. You are providing a comprehensive medication management and have a patient who has been taking levothyroxine without any lab monitoring. Last lab was drawn 2 years ago. The patient has been taking the same dose. What would be the most appropriate step to take first?
Refer to endocrinologist
Order TSH
Order thyroid scan
Order EKG
Order T3
A patient has been experiencing increased fatigue, myalgia, and weight gain since her treatment with radioactive therapy for Grave’s disease. Lab analysis will be needed for confirmation, but what is the most likely diagnosis based on her symptoms today?
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Graves’ disease
Thyroid storm
A physician asks you if amiodarone is associated with any effects on thyroid function. Which of the following statements are accurate to include in your response? (Select ALL that apply)
Amiodarone may result in hyperthyroidism
Amiodarone may result in hypothyroidism
The high iodine content in amiodarone appears to be a factor in causing thyroid dysfunction
Amiodarone may exert direct toxicity on thyroid follicular cells
Which of the following antihyperglycemics have an increased risk of pancreatitis? (Select ALL that apply)
Biguanides
DPP-4 inhibitors
GLP-1 receptor agonists
Insulin
Which of the following can be causes of hypothyroidism? (Select ALL that apply)
Congenital condition
Thyroidectomy
Iodine deficiency
Drug-induced
Autoimmune Disorder
