Primary determinant of coronary perfusion pressure during diastole.

(a)  

Earliest echocardiographic sign of cardiac tamponade.

(a)  

Murmur type typically heard in acute severe mitral regurgitation.

(a)  

Most common congenital cause of aortic stenosis in adults.

(a)  

Ventricular remodeling pattern in chronic pressure overload.

(a)  

Ventricular remodeling pattern in chronic volume overload.

(a)  

Myocardial region most vulnerable to ischemia during hypotension.

(a)  

Coronary artery most often dominant in humans.

(a)  

Phenomenon describing an exaggerated inspiratory fall in systolic pressure.

(a)  

Jugular venous pulse change typical of constrictive pericarditis.

(a)  

Jugular venous pulse change typical of cardiac tamponade.

(a)  

Venous waveform component absent in atrial fibrillation.

(a)  

Primary endogenous pulmonary vasodilator released by endothelium.

(a)  

Physiologic mechanism diverting blood flow from hypoxic lung regions. Fill in the blank: (a)  

Transesophageal echocardiography sign highly suggestive of acute pulmonary embolism. Fill in the blank: (a)  

Echocardiographic sign of constriction with inspiratory septal motion toward the left ventricle. Fill in the blank: (a)  

Primary cause of acute severe mitral regurgitation after myocardial infarction. Fill in the blank: (a)  

Coronary flow phase for most left ventricular perfusion. Fill in the blank: (a)  

Coronary vessel most often supplying the atrioventricular node in right dominance. Fill in the blank: (a)  

Valvular lesion most sensitive to tachycardia and hypovolemia. Fill in the blank: (a)  

Valvular lesion that worsens with bradycardia due to prolonged diastole. Fill in the blank: (a)  

Best first line vasopressor for hypotension in severe aortic stenosis. Fill in the blank: (a)  

Best first line vasopressor for hypotension in pulmonary hypertension. Fill in the blank: (a)  

Preferred immediate therapy for torsades de pointes during anesthesia. Fill in the blank: (a)  

Most specific circulating biomarker for myocardial necrosis. Fill in the blank: (a)  

Leading cause of sudden death early after myocardial infarction. Fill in the blank: (a)  

Dynamic index most predictive of fluid responsiveness during positive pressure ventilation. Fill in the blank: (a)  

Catheter used for continuous measurement of mixed venous oxygen saturation. Fill in the blank: (a)  

Primary determinant of myocardial oxygen consumption.

(a)  

Murmur accentuated by expiration in chronic mitral regurgitation.

(a)  

Reflex mediating vasoconstriction after acute blood loss.

(a)  

First maneuver to improve oxygenation during one lung ventilation after positioning and recruitment.

(a)  

Inhaled anesthetic that most depresses hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.

(a)  

Inhaled pulmonary vasodilator with fastest onset and offset.

(a)  

Early invasive hemodynamic sign of cardiac tamponade in the right heart.

(a)  

Electrocardiographic finding typical of large pericardial effusion.

(a)  

Echocardiographic index that detects subclinical left ventricular dysfunction.

(a)  

Primary mechanism of vasoplegia after cardiopulmonary bypass.

(a)  

Device function disabled by magnet placement over an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

(a)  

Pacing mode that prevents electrocautery oversensing in a pacer dependent patient.

(a)  

Coronary flow limiting lesion most associated with demand ischemia during tachycardia.

(a)  

Immediate bedside test to elicit right to left shunt across a patent foramen ovale.

(a)  

Waveform notch often lost with underdamped arterial line tracing.

(a)  

Primary hemodynamic goal in aortic stenosis under anesthesia.

(a)  

Primary hemodynamic goal in aortic regurgitation under anesthesia.

(a)  

Primary hemodynamic goal in mitral stenosis under anesthesia.

(a)  

Primary hemodynamic goal in tricuspid regurgitation under anesthesia.

(a)  

Most common cause of secondary pulmonary hypertension.

(a)  

Surface artery best reflecting central aortic pressure during shock.

(a)  

Best immediate treatment for dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction after diuresis.

(a)  

Drug that selectively increases coronary blood flow without systemic hypotension.

(a)  

Valve leaflet that exhibits systolic anterior motion in obstructive cardiomyopathy.

(a)  

Best first action for sudden neurologic deficit during carotid clamping under regional anesthesia.

(a)  

Physiologic reason hypercarbia worsens pulmonary hypertension.

(a)  

Lung positioning that minimizes shunt during one lung ventilation.

(a)  

Volatile anesthesia effect that lowers arterial oxygen during one lung ventilation.

(a)  

Most common postoperative arrhythmia after coronary artery bypass surgery.

(a)  

Echocardiographic sign showing right ventricular apical sparing with free wall hypokinesis.

(a)  

Immediate priority when prostacyclin infusion is interrupted in severe pulmonary hypertension.

(a)  

Preferred vasopressor to support systemic pressure during acute right ventricular failure.

(a)  

Bedside echocardiographic sign of severe tricuspid regurgitation.

(a)  

Induction drug favored for severe aortic stenosis with poor reserve.

(a)  

Reflex causing bradycardia during traction on extraocular muscles.

(a)  

Perioperative medication whose abrupt withdrawal increases myocardial ischemia.

(a)  

Antiplatelet agent recommended to continue for urgent surgery after myocardial infarction.

(a)  

First line therapy for orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia in the operating room.

(a)  

Drug to avoid as first line in prolonged corrected interval tachyarrhythmia.

(a)  

Primary cause of hypotension immediately after adrenal vein ligation in pheochromocytoma.

(a)  

Best first line vasopressor after pheochromocytoma resection.

(a)  

Left ventricular assist device complication caused by underfilling and excess pump speed.

(a)  

Ventilator setting change that most increases right ventricular afterload when excessive.

(a)  

Positioning that reduces cerebral perfusion pressure during shoulder surgery.

(a)  

Arterial transduction reference point for accurate cerebral pressure in the upright head.

(a)  

Pharmacologic agent that reverses unfractionated heparin.

(a)  

Pharmacologic agent that reverses dabigatran.

(a)  

Pharmacologic agent that reverses apixaban and rivaroxaban.

(a)  

Blood product concentrate used for urgent warfarin reversal.

(a)  

Carotid surgery complication characterized by headache, seizure, and hypertension.

(a)  

Immediate target when somatosensory evoked potentials fall during carotid clamping under general anesthesia.

(a)  

Aortic surgery physiology during cross clamping that raises myocardial oxygen demand.

(a)  

Most effective preemptive step to attenuate hypotension at aortic declamping.

(a)  

Post declamping cause of acidosis and vasodilation.

(a)  

Stress imaging modality preferred when resting electrocardiogram is uninterpretable.

(a)  

Stress echocardiography agent most useful for contractile reserve.

(a)  

Device action produced by magnet in most implantable cardioverter defibrillators.

(a)  

Device action not guaranteed by magnet in pacemakers.

(a)  

Best intraoperative monitor to detect regional wall motion changes in high risk noncardiac surgery.

(a)  

Immediate therapy for symptomatic hypotension with severe aortic stenosis during neuraxial anesthesia.

(a)  

Immediate therapy for bradycardia induced hypotension in chronic aortic regurgitation.

(a)  

Hemodynamic strategy that benefits mitral regurgitation.

(a)  

Hemodynamic strategy that benefits tricuspid regurgitation.

(a)  

Hemodynamic strategy that benefits mitral stenosis.

(a)  

Leading mechanism of ischemia during emergence hypertension.

(a)  

Preferred titratable agent for severe emergence hypertension in chronic kidney disease.

(a)  

Most sensitive noninvasive sign of hypovolemia under controlled ventilation.

(a)  

Oxygenation maneuver for refractory hypoxemia during one lung ventilation after other measures.

(a)  

Ventilation change that acutely raises pulmonary vascular resistance.

(a)  

Blood gas abnormality that acutely raises pulmonary vascular resistance.

(a)  

Best initial management when prostacyclin pump fails in the operating room.

(a)