Worksheets3 replicate
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 33mins
Which of the following is a natural and vegetative technology for erosion control?
A) Contouring
B) Irrigation
C) Fertilization
D) Pesticide application
Which of the following is a natural and vegetative technology for erosion control?
A) Stripcropping
B) Flooding
C) Burning
D) Mining
The following are natural and vegetative technology for erosion control, except:
Crop rotation
Zero tillage or Dibble Planting
Combination of two or more technologies mentioned above
Urban sprawl
Use good crop rotation practices. Whenever possible, alternate grain crops with:
Fruits
Legumes
Flowers
Trees
Which of the following is a perennial crop?
Upland rice
Corn
Ginger
Coconut
Relay planting also serves as an effective _______ cover following the 1st harvest.
soil
water
plastic
shade
What is the recommended planting method to prevent erosion by water flow and improve infiltration and water retention in soil?
Planting along contours
Planting in straight lines
Planting randomly
Planting in circles
Planting along contours helps prevent erosion by water flow and improves infiltration and water retention in soil.
True
False
Fill in the blank: Always plant along ________. This prevents erosion by water flow and improves infiltration and water retention in soil.
contours
valleys
ridges
streams
What should be mixed into the soil to improve soil structure, soil fertility, and moisture-holding capacity?
organic matter such as crop residues, animal manure, etc.
plastic pieces
sand only
chemical pesticides
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of mixing organic matter into the soil?
Improves soil structure
Increases soil fertility
Reduces moisture-holding capacity
Improves moisture-holding capacity
You should burn crop residues to improve soil fertility.
True
False
What is the purpose of laying additional crop residues, twigs, and other materials in contour lines or spreading/mulching across the slope?
To increase crop yield
To prevent excessive water flow
To attract pests
To reduce soil fertility
Stubble mulching means ________ crops residues in the field and later incorporating them into the soil.
leaving
burning
removing
burying
What does farm diversification include?
Only food crops
More trees and larger crops
Only fruit crops
Only tree crops
What is one protective conservation function of maintaining forested areas at the upper end of sloping farmlands?
Prevents soil erosion
Increases water pollution
Reduces crop yield
Causes flooding
Maintaining forested areas at the upper end of sloping farmlands is important because:
they help prevent soil erosion and water runoff.
they increase the temperature of the land.
they reduce the fertility of the soil.
they make the land more suitable for construction.
What is agroforestry?
Growing only fruit species
Combining growing trees/fruit species with agricultural or horticultural crops
Growing only agricultural crops
Growing only horticultural crops
What is the purpose of using effective mulches and cover crops during the fallow period?
To increase soil erosion
To protect the soil from intense sunlight, wind erosion, and heavy rainfall
To reduce soil fertility
To promote weed growth
Using effective mulches and cover crops helps protect the soil from ________, wind erosion, and heavy rainfall.
intense sunlight
nutrient loss
soil compaction
plant diseases
Cover crops and mulches are used to protect soil from intense sunlight, wind erosion, and heavy rainfall during the fallow period.
True
False
Fill in the blank: ________ is a type of terrace that is sloped in the reverse direction.
Reverse-sloped terrace
Step terrace
Bench terrace
Contour terrace
Eyebrow terrace is also called _____ terrace.
Orchard
Garden
Step
Bench
What is the main function of a runoff storage or detention structure?
Increase water velocity
Reduce velocity and modulate volume of water
Remove water from the area
Increase water temperature
Which of the following is an example of a runoff storage or detention structure?
Reservoir dam
Waterfall
River delta
Ocean trench
Which of the following is a method for protecting waterways that increases roughness coefficient?
Channel lining
Use of grassed waterways
Dredging
Removing vegetation
Channel lining for protected waterways can be done using materials such as ________, bricks, stones/riprap, slabs, and logs.
concrete
plastic
asphalt
glass
Which of the following is a type of drop structure used in diversion channels?
Weir
Dam
Tunnel
Bridge
A ______ is a type of drop structure used in the construction of cut-offs and detour channels.
chute
weir
sluice
culvert
A drop ______ is a type of drop structure used in diversion channels.
inlet
gate
spillway
culvert
For a maximum slope of 27 percent, what is the recommended conservation treatment and type of crop?
A. Bench terraces, any crop
B. Step terraces, close-cover crops
C. Orchard terraces, tree crops
D. None, forest only
Fill in the blank: For a maximum slope of 65 percent, the minimum soil depth required is ____ cm.
25
15
35
45
Which type of crop is recommended for slopes greater than 65 percent?
Any crop
Tree crops with ground cover
Forest only
Close-cover crops and semi perennials
For a slope of 36 percent, the conservation treatment recommended is ____ and the type of crop is ____.
step terraces or hillside ditches built by small tractor; close-cover crops and semi perennials cultivated by small tractor
broad base terraces; row crops cultivated by large tractor
contour bunding; shallow-rooted annuals cultivated by hand
strip cropping; deep-rooted perennials cultivated by animal-drawn plough
For a slope of 47 percent, tree crops with ground cover cultivated by hand are recommended.
True
False
A type of terrace usually used for 25-30% slope characterized by the construction of series of platforms along the contours cut into hill slope in a step like formation
Bench terrace
Broad-based terrace
Zingg terrave
Manning’s terrace
How does a gully develop?
stabilization stage
channel erosion by downward scour of the topsoil
healing stage
upward movement of gully head and enlargement of the gully width
The USLE is a method of computing soil erosion. What type of soil erosion does it estimate?
Sheet erosion only
Sheet, rill and gully erosion
Sheet and rill erosion only
All types of erosion
Which of the following is an empirical equation or prediction model used for soil erosion estimation?
USLE
RUSLE
MUSLE
WEPP Model
The ______ is an empirical equation used for soil erosion prediction.
USLE
Richards Equation
Darcy's Law
Manning's Equation
The ______ is a revised version of the Universal Soil Loss Equation.
RUSLE
USLE
GLEAMS
SWAT
The ______ is a model used for predicting soil erosion based on watershed characteristics.
WEPP Model
Richards Equation
Penman-Monteith Model
MODFLOW
What does 'K' represent in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)?
Soil erodibility factor
Slope length factor
Annual soil erosion rate
Cover and crop management factor
The formula for Rainfall Kinetic Energy in MJ/ha-mm is E = ______ + 0.0873(log I), where I = mm/hr.
0.119
0.091
0.205
0.150
The formula for Rainfall Kinetic Energy in MT/ha-cm is E = 210.3 + ______(log I), where I = cm/hr.
89
120
75
56
The formula for Rainfall Kinetic Energy in ft-tons/acre-in is E = 916 + ______(log I), where I = in/hr.
331
200
500
100
What does OM represent in the Soil Erodibility Factor equation?
A) Organic matter content (%)
B) Percent sand
C) Clay ratio
D) Percent silt
What does S represent in the Soil Erodibility Factor equation?
Organic matter content (%)
Percent sand
Clay ratio
Percent silt
What is the Kinetic Energy per unit area of a rainfall with depth of 0.18 in & intensity of 1.35 in/hr?
12.5
15.2
17.2
173
If the total kinetic energy of a given rainfall event is 7500 ft-ton/acre and the highest I₃₀ is 10 in/hr, what is the Rainfall erosivity index of the rainfall event?
0.143
0.562
14.3
750
75000
A sandy loam soil (Sand = 65%, silt=26%, clay = 9%) has a pH of 5.6 and organic matter content of 4.8%. Determine the soil erodibility factor K.
0.125
0.235
0.275
1.25
On a 20% hill slope, it is proposed to construct bench terraces with 1:1 batter slope. If the vertical interval is 2 meters, what is the width of the terrace?
10 m
8 m
20 m
12 m
These types of soil should not be used in dam construction, except:
Organic material
Non-cracking clays
Fine silts
Calcitic clays
Rainfall erosivity, R, obtained by ______ the kinetic energy by the _____ rainfall intensity during the a period of _____ for each rainstorm.
Multiplying, average, 15 minutes
Dividing, maximum, 30 minutes
Multiplying, maximum, 30 minutes
Dividing, minimum, 15 minutes
The slope length in RUSLE is defined as
A distance from the origin of overland flow to where the flow enters a concentrated flow area
Distance from the origin of overland flow to where deposition starts to occur
Distance to which transport capacity is lower than sediment load
Distance to which transport capacity is higher than sediment load
