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WorksheetsThe Nature and Relevance of Research
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
According to Mason & Bramble (1989), research is concerned with finding ______. It is a systematic and organized search for knowledge or answers to questions.
answers
problems
opinions
stories
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of research as described in the passage?
A) Systematic
B) Organized
C) Subjective
D) Exhaustive
The word 'research' is derived from the prefix 're', which means to ______ or redo, and the root word 'search', which means to find or look for.
repeat
remove
reduce
relax
According to Genato et al. (1993), research is a process of obtaining knowledge through techniques where truth, accuracy, validity, reliability, and other criteria can be ______.
ascertained
ignored
fabricated
overlooked
assumed
Research is a systematic inquiry geared towards providing information to solve problems.
True
False
Which of the following lists three characteristics of research?
Systematic, objective, and logical
Random, subjective, and illogical
Unplanned, biased, and emotional
Disorganized, opinion-based, and inconsistent
What does it mean for research to be systematic? Fill in the blank: Systematic research involves interrelated steps or procedures a researcher has to observe in solving a problem. It originates with a problem, followed by the gathering of data in a logical and orderly manner guided by a reasonable guess or hypothesis, and ends with a ________ based on observable facts or data.
conclusion
experiment
questionnaire
prediction
Which characteristic of research means that it is not based on guesswork and requires empirical data to be gathered before making conclusions?
Objective
Subjective
Speculative
Intuitive
Fill in the blank: Comprehensive research requires a researcher to examine and analyze all ________ or angles before making a generalization or conclusion.
aspects
colors
numbers
distances
Which characteristic of research means that procedures employed by the researcher must be able to withstand critical scrutiny by other researchers?
Critical
Subjective
Random
Personal
Fill in the blank: Valid research requires that conclusions are based on actual ________.
findings
opinions
guesses
assumptions
What does it mean for research to be verifiable? Fill in the blank: Verifiable research is said to be verifiable as other researchers can check on the correctness of the results by ________ the study, based on methods and procedures employed by the researcher.
replicating
publishing
summarizing
reviewing
Empirical research is empirical as generalizations drawn by a researcher are rooted upon hard evidence gathered from information collected from ________ experiences or observations.
real-life
imaginary
fictional
hypothetical
What is one of the sources of knowledge mentioned in the passage? Fill in the blank: ________ Opinion is one of the sources of knowledge. When we have legal problems, we seek advice of lawyers. When we are ill, we consult physicians.
Expert
Personal
Random
Popular
What is sensory experience as a way of obtaining information?
Sensory experience is obtaining information through our senses of sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell.
Sensory experience is obtaining information only through reading books.
Sensory experience is obtaining information by imagining things.
Sensory experience is obtaining information through logical reasoning only.
Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning?
If it rains, the ground is wet. The ground is wet. Therefore, it rained.
All men are mortal. Gary is a man. Therefore, Gary is mortal.
She is beautiful. She's just an ordinary woman.
Agreement with others is always a reliable source of knowledge.
True
False
What is the major problem with common sense as a way of gaining knowledge?
It is not a systematic way of gaining knowledge.
It always leads to scientific discoveries.
It is based on mathematical proofs.
It is universally accepted by all cultures.
Which of the following lists the five distinct steps involved in the scientific method used in research?
Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Analysis, Conclusion
Introduction, Literature Review, Data Collection, Results, Discussion
Planning, Execution, Reporting, Reviewing, Publishing
Questioning, Surveying, Interviewing, Summarizing, Presenting
Which reasoning example is faulty?
A) All men are mortal. Gary is a man. Therefore, Gary is mortal.
B) If it rains, the ground is wet. The ground is wet. Therefore, it rained.
What is academic research? Fill in the blank: Academic research is conducted by an individual in fulfilling the requirements for the conferment of an academic title or degree. Examples include ________, master's theses, feasibility studies, and doctoral dissertations.
baby theses
case studies
book reviews
journal articles
What is a research project? Fill in the blank: A research project is a type of research undertaken by an individual or group of individuals as part of their professional work or assignment. For example, a market researcher surveying the preference of housewives for a particular brand of soap is doing a ________.
research project
sales pitch
advertisement
product launch
Based on the final use or application of the research results, research can either be pure/theoretical or applied/practical.
True
False
Which type of research is done for the purpose of formulating a theory, principle, or law, with no intended application of results?
Applied research
Pure/theoretical research
Descriptive research
Exploratory research
Applied research is an inquiry to test or evaluate a theory or knowledge arrived at, in the solution of a problem or for useful ends.
True
False
Descriptive research seeks to describe systematically, factually, accurately, and objectively a situation, problem, or phenomenon.
True
False
In correlational or associational research, the investigator tries to probe the significance of the relationship between two or more factors or characteristics. Fill in the blank: A researcher who undertakes a study to find out the significance of association between job performance and commitment is doing ________ research.
correlational
experimental
descriptive
historical
Which type of research clarifies why and how a relationship exists, such as why job stress leads to burnout or why low morale results in lower productivity?
Descriptive research
Explanatory research
Exploratory research
Applied research
Exploratory research is undertaken when little or nothing is known about a problem. Feasibility studies and pilot studies fall under this type of research.
True
False
Which type of research probes into cause-and-effect relationships by exposing experimental groups to treatments and comparing the results with a control group?
Experimental Research
Descriptive Research
Correlational Research
Exploratory Research
Which type of research analyzes the effect of a factor or variable which cannot be manipulated, such as the study of the incidence of lung cancer among smokers?
Ex-post Facto or Causal-Comparative Research
Experimental Research
Descriptive Research
Correlational Research
Which type of research reconstructs or explains events of the past based on data, such as why Filipino elites collaborated with Americans during the U.S. regime?
Historical Research
Experimental Research
Descriptive Research
Action Research
Which type of research tries to explain or describe a phenomenon holistically by using multiple techniques such as participant observation, interviews, and documentary analysis?
Ethnographic Research
Experimental Research
Survey Research
Case Study Research
What is the first step in the research process, where the researcher identifies topics of interest and justifies the need for study?
Idea-Generating Phase
Data Collection Phase
Analysis Phase
Reporting Phase
What is the second step in the research process, where the researcher refines general ideas, identifies variables, and formulates hypotheses?
Problem-Definition Phase
Data Collection Phase
Analysis Phase
Reporting Phase
What is the third step in the research process, where the researcher identifies the procedures, research design, methods, and tools to be used in collecting data?
Procedures/Design Phase
Data Analysis Phase
Problem Identification Phase
Reporting Phase
What is the fourth step in the research process, following the procedures/design phase?
Data-Collection Phase
Problem Identification
Literature Review
Data Analysis
Step 5 in the research process is called the ________ phase. What does the researcher do in this phase?
Data-Analysis; The researcher analyzes the collected data, classifies, tabulates, and subjects it to statistical or logical treatment.
Data-Collection; The researcher gathers information from various sources for the study.
Problem-Identification; The researcher defines the research problem and objectives.
Report-Writing; The researcher prepares the final report of the research findings.
What is the main purpose of the Interpretation Phase in the research process?
To give meaning to the analyzed data and explain the implications of the findings.
To collect raw data from various sources.
To formulate the research hypothesis.
To review the existing literature on the topic.
Which phase of the research process involves communicating the results to others through presentation or publication?
Communication Phase
Analysis Phase
Data Collection Phase
Planning Phase
According to the passage, what is a common difficulty faced by thesis writers and neophyte researchers when searching for a research problem?
They find difficulty in formulating specific problems and objectives.
They have too many resources available to them.
They are often distracted by unrelated topics.
They usually complete their research too quickly.
Which of the following is NOT one of the five factors to determine whether a problem is researchable?
A) The problem is existing in the locality or country but no known solution to the problem
B) The solution can be answered by using statistical methods and techniques
C) The problem is already solved
D) There are probable solutions but they are not yet tested
List any two factors that help determine whether a problem is researchable according to the passage.
(1) The problem is existing in the locality or country but no known solution to the problem; (2) The solution can be answered by using statistical methods and techniques.
(1) The problem is popular in other countries; (2) The solution is based on personal opinions.
(1) The problem is already solved; (2) The solution is not measurable.
(1) The problem is fictional; (2) The solution is based on assumptions.
What is the acceptability of the quality attributes of fish bone meal as offal of boneless milkfish, goatfish tapa, and tilapia fillet into luncheon meat?
It is generally acceptable based on quality attributes.
It is not acceptable due to poor quality.
It is only acceptable for tilapia fillet.
It is unacceptable for all types mentioned.
The gross sales and profit of luncheon meat from bone meal of milkfish, goatfish, and tilapia are:
Gross sales and profit are determined by the market demand and production cost.
Gross sales and profit are always equal for all types of fish.
Gross sales and profit are not affected by the type of fish used.
Gross sales and profit are fixed regardless of sales volume.
The product that is most acceptable, salable, profitable, and with the highest return of investment is:
The product with the highest return of investment
The product with the lowest production cost
The product with the most complex design
The product with the least market demand
There is a significant difference on the acceptability of the quality attributes of these products.
Yes, there is a significant difference.
No, there is no significant difference.
The difference is not measurable.
The products are identical in quality attributes.
What is the percentage of protein and calcium contents of luncheon meat from bone meal of milkfish, goatfish, and tilapia?
The protein content is about 15% and calcium content is about 2%.
The protein content is about 5% and calcium content is about 10%.
The protein content is about 25% and calcium content is about 0.5%.
The protein content is about 10% and calcium content is about 8%.
What is the mean growth increment of Eucheuma cultured in municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines using lantay and hanging methods?
The mean growth increment of Eucheuma cultured in municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines using lantay and hanging methods is 2.5 cm/day.
The mean growth increment of Eucheuma cultured in municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines using lantay and hanging methods is 0.5 cm/day.
The mean growth increment of Eucheuma cultured in municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines using lantay and hanging methods is 1.0 cm/day.
The mean growth increment of Eucheuma cultured in municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines using lantay and hanging methods is 4.0 cm/day.
The more effective method in the cultivation of Eucheuma is:
lantay
hanging
broadcasting
drip irrigation
There is a significant difference in the mean growth increment of Eucheuma cultured in municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines using lantay and hanging methods.
Yes, there is a significant difference.
No, there is no significant difference.
Both methods yield the same results.
The difference is not measurable.
The yield of tomatoes planted in pots using night soil and chicken dung as fertilizers is:
High
Low
No yield
Average
The more effective fertilizer for planting tomatoes in pots is:
Night soil
Chicken dung
Compost
Chemical fertilizer
There is a significant difference in the yield of tomatoes planted in pots using night soil and chicken dung.
Yes, there is a significant difference.
No, there is no significant difference.
Both fertilizers produce the same yield.
Tomatoes cannot be grown in pots with these fertilizers.
The achievement and nutritional intake of teacher education students who reside at home and boarding houses is:
A subject of study comparing living arrangements.
A measure of classroom attendance only.
Unrelated to their living situation.
Focused solely on extracurricular activities.
Teacher education students residing at home or in boarding houses: who has higher achievement?
Students residing at home have higher achievement.
Students in boarding houses have higher achievement.
Both have equal achievement.
Neither group has higher achievement.
There is a significant difference in the achievement and nutritional intake of teacher education students who reside at home and in boarding houses.
Yes, there is a significant difference.
No, there is no significant difference.
There is only a difference in achievement, not nutrition.
There is only a difference in nutrition, not achievement.
The mean educational qualifications of teachers in the city and province of Iloilo, Philippines, is:
Bachelor's degree
High school diploma
Master's degree
Doctorate degree
The mean performance of the teachers in the city and province of Iloilo, Philippines, is:
the average score of teachers in assessments
the total number of teachers in Iloilo
the highest score achieved by a teacher
the number of schools in Iloilo
There is a significant difference in the educational qualification and performance of teachers in the city and province of Iloilo, Philippines when classified by age, gender, civil status, experience, and academic rank.
True
False
Cannot be determined
Not applicable
What does it mean for a research problem to be 'Specific'? Provide an example from experimental research.
A specific research problem is clearly stated and focused. Example: 'What is the mean growth increment of Eucheuma cultured in municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines using lantay and hanging methods?'
A specific research problem is one that is broad and covers many unrelated topics. Example: 'How do all plants grow in different countries?'
A specific research problem is one that does not require any data collection. Example: 'Why is science important?'
A specific research problem is one that is only based on opinions. Example: 'What do people think about seaweed?'
Which of the following is an example of a specific research problem for descriptive research?
What is the mean performance of teachers in the city and province of Iloilo, Philippines?
How do teachers feel about their profession?
What are the challenges faced by teachers?
Why do teachers choose their profession?
What instruments are used to measure research problems in experimental research according to the passage?
Weighing scale, refractometer, thermometer, DO meter, pH meter.
Microscope, telescope, barometer, altimeter, compass.
Stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, otoscope, glucometer, ECG machine.
Paintbrush, chisel, hammer, screwdriver, pliers.
For descriptive research, which tools are mentioned for gathering data?
Questionnaires, tests, checklists, and many others.
Only interviews and observations.
Surveys and experiments only.
Graphs and statistical software only.
Which statistical tool is appropriate for determining the significant difference in the mean growth increment of Eucheuma cultured in municipal waters using lantay and hanging methods?
t-test
correlation analysis
chi-square test
regression analysis
Friedman's two-way ANOVA is used to determine the significant difference of the achievement and nutritional intake of teacher education students who reside at home or boarding houses.
True
False
Why is it important for a research problem to be time-bound?
Because a time frame is required in every activity; the shorter completion of the activity, the better.
Because it makes the research more expensive.
Because it allows for unlimited resources to be used.
Because it ensures the research problem is vague and unclear.
According to the passage, what are the four sources of research problems that a researcher can investigate? Fill in the blanks: The sources of research problems are (1) ________, (2) ________, (3) ________, and (4) ________.
(1) specialization of the researcher, (2) current and past researches, (3) recommendations from theses, dissertations, and research journals, and (4) original and creative ideas from the researcher based on the problems met in the locality and country.
(1) government policies, (2) international news, (3) social media trends, and (4) personal interests.
(1) laboratory experiments, (2) classroom discussions, (3) textbook summaries, and (4) online surveys.
(1) financial resources, (2) technological advancements, (3) political opinions, and (4) global events.
Which of the following is an example of specialization of the researcher as a source of research problem?
Studying the teaching of English using different methods
Using the same instrument for research replication
Recommendations from research journals
Fish bone meal as offal of fishery products for export
Current and past researches can be used as sources of research problems because:
They help identify gaps and unresolved issues in existing knowledge.
They always provide solutions to all research questions.
They discourage new research topics from being explored.
They only focus on outdated information.
Recommendations from theses, dissertations, and research journals can be used as sources of research problems.
True
False
According to the passage, what are the criteria of a good research problem? List all six criteria mentioned.
(1) interesting, (2) innovative, (3) cost-effective, (4) relevant to the needs and problems of the people, (5) relevant to government's thrusts, and (6) measurable and time-bound.
(1) lengthy, (2) expensive, (3) irrelevant, (4) outdated, (5) complex, and (6) unmeasurable.
(1) simple, (2) repetitive, (3) costly, (4) unrelated to people's needs, (5) not aligned with government, and (6) vague.
(1) creative, (2) traditional, (3) time-consuming, (4) irrelevant, (5) not measurable, and (6) not innovative.
Why is the study on 'Utilization and Commercialization of Fish Bone Meal from Offal of Boneless Milkfish into Luncheon Meat' considered innovative according to the passage?
It is considered innovative because it is new, original, and unique, and it is the first of its kind in the world that utilizes offal of boneless milkfish, which only pollutes the environment when thrown away, into value-added products like luncheon meat.
It is considered innovative because it uses traditional methods of fish processing that have been used for centuries.
It is considered innovative because it focuses on increasing the price of milkfish in the market.
It is considered innovative because it only studies the nutritional value of milkfish without creating new products.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a criterion for a good research problem in the passage?
A) Interesting
B) Innovative
C) Expensive
D) Measurable and time-bound
Milkfish luncheon meat is considered a good research problem in terms of cost-effectiveness because:
it offers a low-cost alternative to traditional luncheon meats.
it is more expensive than other meats.
it is difficult to produce in large quantities.
it has no impact on production costs.
Fill in the blank: A good research problem should be ________ and effective in solving the needs and problems of the society.
economical
random
irrelevant
expensive
What is an example of a research project that responds to the need and problem of food insecurity and poverty alleviation?
Utilization and Commercialization of Burger from Offal of Boneless Milkfish and Canned Tuna.
Development of a Mobile Game for Language Learning.
Study on the Effects of Social Media on Teenagers.
Analysis of Urban Traffic Patterns in Metro Cities.
Which of the following is a thrust of the government that a research problem must respond to?
Waste management
Food security
Education reform
Healthcare improvement
A good research problem is measurable by using research instruments, apparatus or equipment, as well as statistical tools to arrive at scientific and meaningful results.
True
False
What is the difference between research objectives and instructional objectives according to the passage?
Research objectives are statements of purpose for which the investigation is to be conducted, while instructional objectives are expressed in three domains of behavior: cognitive (knowledge), psychomotor (skills), and affective (values), and are completed within a specific time frame.
Research objectives focus on classroom teaching methods, while instructional objectives are about laboratory experiments.
Research objectives are only related to student assessment, while instructional objectives are about teacher evaluation.
Research objectives are about curriculum design, while instructional objectives are about administrative policies.
In a research paper, thesis, dissertation, and research project, is it advisable to use both problem and objective?
No, it is not advisable to use both problem and objective in a research paper, thesis, dissertation, and research project.
Yes, it is advisable to use both problem and objective in a research paper, thesis, dissertation, and research project.
It depends on the type of research being conducted.
Only the objective should be used, not the problem.
The mean weight increment of Eucheuma cultured in municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines using lantay and hanging methods is:
200 grams
50 grams
500 grams
100 grams
The mean temperature, pH, and oxygen of Eucheuma cultured in municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines using lantay and hanging methods are:
28°C, pH 7.8, 6.5 mg/L
32°C, pH 6.5, 8.0 mg/L
25°C, pH 8.2, 5.0 mg/L
30°C, pH 7.0, 7.5 mg/L
The more effective method in cultivating Eucheuma in municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines is:
lantay
hanging
broadcasting
drip method
There is a significant mean difference on the weight increment of Eucheuma cultured in municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines.
Yes, there is a significant mean difference.
No, there is no significant mean difference.
The mean difference cannot be determined.
The weight increment is not affected.
Is there a significant mean difference on the temperature, pH, and oxygen of Eucheuma cultured in municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines using lantay and hanging methods?
Yes, there is a significant mean difference.
No, there is no significant mean difference.
Only temperature shows a significant mean difference.
Only pH and oxygen show a significant mean difference.
What is the main purpose of the study conducted in the municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines, using lantay and hanging methods?
To cultivate Eucheuma
To study fish population
To measure water pollution
To analyze coral reefs
What parameters were measured to find out the mean conditions of Eucheuma cultured in municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines using lantay and hanging methods?
Temperature, pH, and oxygen
Salinity, turbidity, and nitrate
Chlorophyll, ammonia, and phosphate
Light intensity, carbon dioxide, and iron
Which method is more effective in cultivating Eucheuma in municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines?
Lantay method
Hanging method
Drip method
Raft method
The appropriate statistical test to determine if there is significant mean difference on the weight increment of Eucheuma cultured in municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines is:
t-test
Chi-square test
Correlation analysis
Regression analysis
What statistical test is appropriate to determine if there is a significant mean difference in temperature, pH, and oxygen of Eucheuma cultured in municipal waters of Estancia, Iloilo, Philippines using lantay and hanging methods?
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Chi-square test
Pearson correlation
Regression analysis
What is the extent of seriousness of job-related problems as perceived by staff nurses in the city and province of Iloilo, Philippines in relation to administration of top management, administration of middle management, administration of lower management, communication, financial condition, hospital facilities, and job hazard when classified as a whole, civil status, age, and length of nursing practice?
It is assessed based on management levels, communication, finances, facilities, and job hazards, classified by demographic factors.
It is only related to financial condition and hospital facilities.
It is determined solely by the age of the nurses.
It is not influenced by management or communication issues.
The mean job performance of staff nurses in private and government hospitals in the city and province of Iloilo, Philippines is:
the average level of work effectiveness among nurses in these hospitals
the total number of nurses employed in these hospitals
the highest salary received by nurses in these hospitals
the number of patients treated by nurses in these hospitals
The correlation between job-related problems and job performance of staff nurses in private and government hospitals in Iloilo, Philippines is:
Significant
Negative
No correlation
Unrelated
The main purpose of the study described in the worksheet is:
to investigate a specific scientific question
to summarize previous research
to provide entertainment
to advertise a product
List the objectives of the study as described in the worksheet.
The objectives of the study as described in the worksheet are to identify key research goals.
The objectives of the study as described in the worksheet are to summarize the entire textbook.
The objectives of the study as described in the worksheet are to list unrelated facts.
The objectives of the study as described in the worksheet are to provide a bibliography only.
A hypothesis is defined as which of the following, as described in the worksheet?
A testable statement or prediction that can be investigated through experiments.
A list of materials needed for an experiment.
A summary of the results of an experiment.
A detailed procedure for conducting an experiment.
Fill in the blank: There are two types of hypothesis. These are (1) ______ hypothesis (Ho) and (2) ______ hypothesis (Hi).
null; alternative
primary; secondary
positive; negative
direct; indirect
There is a significant difference in the yield of peanuts planted in pots using night soil and chicken as fertilizers.
Yes, there is a significant difference.
No, there is no significant difference.
Both fertilizers produce the same yield.
Neither fertilizer affects the yield.
There is a correlation between job-related problems and job performance as perceived by staff nurses in the city and province of Iloilo, Philippines.
Yes, there is a correlation.
No, there is no correlation.
Job performance is not affected by job-related problems.
Staff nurses are not aware of job-related problems.
