WorksheetsPasteurellosis - "Snuffles"
Total questions: 107
Worksheet time: 54mins
Which organism causes Pasteurellosis (commonly called "snuffles") in rabbits?
Escherichia coli
Pasteurella multocida
Staphylococcus aureus
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Pasteurella multocida is best described as which of the following?
Gram-positive bacillus
Gram-negative coccobacillus
Anaerobic spirochete
Gram-negative diplococcus
What is noted about rabbits’ clinical status regarding Pasteurella multocida?
They always show severe symptoms immediately.
They may be asymptomatic and harbor the organism in the upper respiratory tract.
They only develop gastrointestinal signs.
They cannot carry the organism without fever.
Which statement about disease spread in Pasteurellosis is accurate?
It remains confined to the nares.
It can spread to multiple locations and cause a variety of disease syndromes.
It only affects the skin.
It is limited to ocular tissues.
The upper respiratory form of Pasteurellosis in rabbits is commonly referred to as what?
Otitis
Snuffles
Mange
Myxomatosis
Which clinical sign is most characteristic of snuffles?
Hematuria
Sneezing with serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge
Lameness
Neurologic tremors
A rabbit wipes nasal discharge with its forelimbs. What secondary evidence would you expect to find?
Staining and discharge residue on the feet
Hair loss on the tail
Ulcers on the ears
Bruising on the abdomen
What serious complication can develop from chronic snuffles?
Renal failure
Fatal septicemia
Hyperthyroidism
Hepatic lipidosis
Beyond upper respiratory signs, infections with Pasteurella multocida may also present as which of the following?
Conjunctivitis, bronchopneumonia, pyometra, and orchitis
Dermatitis and otitis externa only
Gingivitis and stomatitis exclusively
Arthritis and osteoporosis
How is Pasteurellosis primarily transmitted among rabbits?
Vector-borne via fleas
Direct contact or aerosol contamination
Fecal-oral transmission only
Vertical transmission exclusively
Which management action is recommended for animals affected by Pasteurellosis in a colony?
Increase group housing to enhance immunity
Quarantine or remove affected animals from the colony
Provide high-sugar diets
Stop all antibiotic use universally
Which antibiotics are noted as potentially helpful for Pasteurellosis treatment?
Penicillin
Listed as helpful in therapy
Chloramphenicol
Listed as helpful in therapy
Enrofloxacin
Listed as helpful in therapy
What risk is associated with prolonged antibiotic use in rabbits treated for Pasteurellosis?
Renal calculi
Fatal diarrhea
Photosensitivity
Anaphylaxis in all cases
Which statement best characterizes outcomes of antibiotic therapy for Pasteurellosis?
It reliably eradicates the organism with no recurrence.
It produces remission, but reinfection is common.
It is ineffective and never used.
It always leads to resistance within 24 hours.
Identify the set of features most consistent with snuffles in the image described as a rabbit with crusting around the nares and muzzle.
Dry nares, normal grooming, no discharge
Serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge, sneezing, discharge residue on forefeet
Oral ulceration without nasal signs
Purely ocular lesions with clear corneas
In young rabbits, Mucoid Enteropathy is primarily of concern at what age range?
1 to 3 weeks old
7 to 10 weeks old
12 to 16 weeks old
Adult rabbits only
Which clinical sign combination best characterizes Mucoid Enteropathy in young rabbits?
Dry coat, hyperthermia, and increased appetite
Constipation with mucous hypersecretion leading to profuse watery diarrhea, hypothermia, lethargy, depression, and a rough hair coat
Constipation with no mucus, fever, and shiny hair coat
Profuse bloody diarrhea with hyperthermia and pruritus
What gastrointestinal condition highlighted in the material is directly associated with Mucoid Enteropathy?
Gastric ulcers
Colon impaction (constipation)
Small intestinal volvulus
Pancreatitis
According to the material, what is commonly found in the stomach and proximal small intestine during Mucoid Enteropathy?
Solid feed material throughout
Distension with fluids and gas; duodenum and jejunum filled with watery bile-stained contents
Normal gas and fluid balance
Blood clots in the jejunum
Which infectious agents are noted as potential causes of Mucoid Enteropathy?
Staphylococcus aureus and Mycoplasma pulmonis
E. coli and Clostridium spiroforme
Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica
Rotavirus and Norovirus
What is stated about the transmission mechanisms of Mucoid Enteropathy?
They are well established and primarily airborne.
They are unclear.
They are strictly fecal–oral.
They are vector-borne via insects.
Which statement aligns with the role of normal flora in Mucoid Enteropathy?
Causative agents are never part of normal flora.
Causative agents may be part of the normal flora, usually present in small numbers.
Normal flora always prevents Mucoid Enteropathy.
Normal flora becomes pathogenic only after vaccination.
Antibiotic-induced enterotoxemia associated with Mucoid Enteropathy is especially linked to which administered drugs?
Amoxicillin, doxycycline, and metronidazole
Lincomycin, clindamycin, or erythromycin
Penicillin G, cefazolin, and azithromycin
Enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim-sulfa
Mucoid Enteropathy can occur alongside which other conditions? Select the best answer.
Otitis media and dental malocclusion
Tyzzer's disease, salmonellosis, or coccidiosis
Dermatophytosis and ectoparasitism
Listeriosis and brucellosis
Which dietary strategy is thought to offer protection against Mucoid Enteropathy?
High-fat diets
High-protein diets
Higher-fiber diets
Low-carbohydrate diets
What is the typical treatment outcome for rabbits infected with Mucoid Enteropathy?
Usually successful with rapid recovery
Requires surgery but has excellent prognosis
Not usually successful, and infected animals often die
Always resolves spontaneously without treatment
Match each feature of Mucoid Enteropathy to its correct category.
Age primarily affected
7 to 10 weeks old
Key gastrointestinal finding
Colon impaction (constipation) with mucous hypersecretion
Potential bacterial causes
E. coli or Clostridium spiroforme
Antibiotics linked to enterotoxemia
Lincomycin, clindamycin, or erythromycin
Which sign is NOT listed as associated with Mucoid Enteropathy?
Hypothermia
Lethargy
Rough hair coat
Polyuria
Which statement best summarizes the causation of Mucoid Enteropathy according to the material?
It has a single known viral cause.
It is caused by a number of infectious entities and may involve normal flora.
It is purely nutritional with no infectious component.
It results only from parasitic infection.
Which description best differentiates the stomach and small intestine contents noted in affected rabbits?
Stomach and small intestine are empty of contents.
Stomach distended with fluids and gas; duodenum/jejunum have watery bile-stained contents.
Only the colon is distended with gas.
Jejunum contains solid impacted feed while stomach is normal.
Which pathogen causes Listeriosis in rabbits and is classified as zoonotic?
Pasteurella multocida
Listeria monocytogenes
Staphylococcus aureus
Mycobacterium bovis
Listeriosis in rabbits is most often observed in which group during which physiologic stage?
Bucks during puberty
Does in the late stages of pregnancy
Juveniles during weaning
Elderly rabbits during senescence
Which statement best characterizes the clinical course of Listeriosis in rabbits?
Chronic respiratory signs progressing over months
Sudden death or abortion
Primarily dermatologic lesions with pruritus
Neurologic deficits with gradual recovery
Match each organ with Listeriosis pathophysiology in rabbits. Pair the organ commonly affected with the mode of spread described.
Liver
Hematogenous dissemination
Spleen
Hematogenous dissemination
Gravid uterus
Hematogenous dissemination
Which set lists common clinical signs of Listeriosis in rabbits?
Anorexia, depression, and weight loss
Coughing, nasal discharge, and dyspnea
Pruritus, alopecia, and scaling
Lameness, joint swelling, and fever
What is the typical management approach for Listeriosis in rabbits according to the material?
Aggressive antibiotic therapy is standard
Immediate surgical intervention
Supportive care followed by vaccination
Not usually treated
Which statement about transmission in Listeriosis among rabbits is correct based on the material?
It spreads via direct nerve invasion to the brain
It spreads by the bloodstream to specific organs
It spreads only through inhalation of aerosols
It is limited to fecal-oral transmission
Which bacterium is the causative agent of Tyzzer's disease in laboratory animals?
Bacillus piliformis (Clostridium piliforme)
Escherichia coli
Salmonella enterica
Staphylococcus aureus
Tyzzer's disease bacteria are best described as which combination of characteristics?
Gram-negative, spore-forming, flagellated
Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile
Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated
Gram-positive, spore-forming, flagellated
Definitive diagnosis of Tyzzer's disease requires which procedure?
Serologic titers
Histologic examination of tissues
PCR of fecal samples
Culture from nasal swabs
Which set of conditions predisposes animals to Tyzzer's disease?
High-quality sanitation and low stress
Poor sanitation, stress, and overcrowding
Isolation and enriched environment
Frequent exercise and clean water
Clinical signs of Tyzzer's disease commonly include which combination?
Coughing, sneezing, and ocular discharge
Diarrhea, dehydration, and anorexia
Lameness, swelling, and fever
Pruritus, alopecia, and dermatitis
Which treatment approach is noted for infected animals with Tyzzer's disease?
Topical antiseptics applied daily for 2 days
Tetracycline compounds added to drinking water for 4 to 5 days
High-dose penicillin injections for 10 days
Vitamin supplementation for 1 week
Why is Tyzzer's disease difficult to eradicate from an animal facility?
Asymptomatic carriers are rare
The bacterium lacks a spore form
Ongoing presence of resistant spores
It is only transmitted by direct contact
Match each item with its correct association for Tyzzer's disease.
Predisposing factor
Poor sanitation, stress, overcrowding
Definitive diagnosis
Histologic examination of tissues
Treatment duration
Tetracycline in drinking water for 4–5 days
In laboratory animal populations, Tyzzer's disease affects which scope of species?
Only rodents
Only rabbits
All species of laboratory animals
Primarily carnivores
Which naming synonym is correctly paired with the causative organism of Tyzzer's disease?
Bacillus piliformis is synonymous with Clostridium piliforme
Escherichia coli is synonymous with Salmonella enterica
Staphylococcus aureus is synonymous with Streptococcus pyogenes
Clostridium difficile is synonymous with Bacillus anthracis
In commercial rabbit-breeding facilities, mastitis is described as which of the following regarding its frequency of occurrence?
Very common across most settings
Not common except in colonies maintained in commercial facilities
Equally common in wild and domestic rabbits
Common only in males
Which factor contributes to the incidence and spread of mastitis in rabbit colonies?
High-fiber diet
Poor sanitation
Excessive exercise
Genetic uniformity
What severe systemic outcome may develop from mastitis and is usually fatal?
Enteritis
Generalized septicemia
Pneumonia
Dermatitis
Among the bacterial agents implicated in mastitis in rabbits, which is most commonly isolated as the causative agent?
Escherichia coli
Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Pseudomonas
Match each item related to mastitis in rabbits with its correct description.
Staphylococcus
Most commonly isolated causative agent
Poor sanitation
Contributes to incidence and spread
Generalized septicemia
Usually fatal outcome that may develop
Infected does with mastitis typically exhibit which combination of clinical signs?
Polyphagia and hypothermia
Anorexia and fever
Diarrhea and dehydration only
Sneezing and coughing
Which route of administration is indicated for antibiotics in treating mastitis in rabbits?
Oral only
Topical application
Parenteral administration
Inhalational therapy
Which antibiotic classes are noted as potentially helpful for mastitis management in rabbits?
Macrolides and sulfonamides
Penicillin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines
Rifamycins and nitroimidazoles
Fluoroquinolones only
What gastrointestinal adverse effect can result from antibiotic therapy in rabbits with mastitis due to microbial imbalance?
Constipation
Diarrhea
Ulceration
Bloating
Which dietary strategy is indicated to minimize the possibility of diarrhea in rabbits receiving antibiotics for mastitis?
High-protein diet
High-fat diet
High-fiber diet
Low-carbohydrate diet
Which organism causes treponematosis (also called vent disease or spirochetosis) in rabbits?
Treponema cuniculi
Escherichia coli
Staphylococcus aureus
Pasteurella multocida
Treponematosis is transmitted in rabbits primarily through which routes?
Venereally and transplacentally
Airborne droplets only
Fecal-oral route only
Vector-borne via ticks
Which diagnostic approach provides definitive confirmation of treponematosis?
Observation of the spirochete by darkfield microscopy or serologic testing combined with clinical signs
Routine fecal flotation
Chest radiography
Skin allergy testing
What is the recommended treatment regimen for infected rabbits with treponematosis?
Penicillin by parenteral injection once a week for 3 weeks
Single oral dose of tetracycline
Topical antifungal cream for 5 days
No treatment; disease is self-limiting
Match each term with its correct description.
Vent disease
Another name for treponematosis
Spirochetosis
A disease characterized by infection with spiral-shaped bacteria
Treponema cuniculi
The spirochete that causes treponematosis
Darkfield microscopy
A technique used to visualize spirochetes for diagnosis
Which supportive measures may be needed to avoid potential complications of antibiotic therapy in rabbits treated for treponematosis?
High-fiber diet and administration of antidiarrheals
Fluid restriction and bed rest
Vitamin C megadoses
Prolonged fasting
Which statement best summarizes treponematosis in rabbits?
It is a venereally and transplacentally transmitted disease caused by Treponema cuniculi, diagnosed via clinical signs plus darkfield microscopy or serology, and treated with penicillin weekly for 3 weeks.
It is a fungal skin disease spread by airborne spores, diagnosed by culture, and treated with topical antifungals.
It is a viral respiratory infection spread by droplets, diagnosed by PCR, and treated with antivirals.
It is a nutritional deficiency diagnosed by blood vitamins and treated with supplements.
According to the overview, which statement best describes the routine presence of rabbit viral diseases in the United States?
They are commonly found across regions.
They are not routinely found.
They are exclusively found in laboratory colonies.
They are only found in wild populations during winter.
Which of the following is listed among the viral diseases of rabbits in the material?
Bacterial pneumonia
Myxomatosis
Fungal dermatitis
Parasitic coccidiosis
Match each term with its correct category based on the content.
Infectious fibromas
Viral diseases of rabbits
Papillomatosis
Viral diseases of rabbits
Rabbit pox
Viral diseases of rabbits
Herpesvirus III infections
Viral diseases of rabbits
Which combination correctly lists types of papilloma virus mentioned for rabbits?
Respiratory and gastrointestinal papilloma virus
Oral papilloma virus and cutaneous papilloma virus
Neurologic papilloma virus and ocular papilloma virus
Hepatic papilloma virus and renal papilloma virus
Which disease from the list is specifically identified as an infectious enteritis caused by a rotavirus?
Herpesvirus III infection
Infectious rotaviral enteritis
Papillomatosis
Rabbit pox
Which rotavirus type is identified in clinically normal rabbits, with infections generally self-limiting?
Type A
Type B
Type C
Type D
What is the primary transmission route for rotavirus infection in rabbits?
Aerosol inhalation
Fecal-oral route
Vector-borne via fleas
Vertical (in utero)
Which clinical sign is most characteristic of rotavirus infection in young rabbits?
Neurologic tremors
Severe watery diarrhea
Hematuria
Skin lesions
Mortality associated with rotavirus can reach approximately what level in rabbits younger than 6 months?
20%
40%
60%
80%
Match each statement to the correct consequence or feature of rotavirus infection in rabbits.
Secondary infection with Clostridium spp. or E. coli
Results in much higher mortality
Recovery from infection
Provides a degree of immunity; animals remain seropositive
Anorexia and dehydration
Common accompanying signs
Which combination best describes the outcome after recovery from rotavirus infection in rabbits?
Complete sterilizing immunity with seronegativity
Partial immunity with persistent seropositivity
No immunity and seronegativity
Vaccine-induced immunity only
Which statement about treatment for rotavirus in rabbits is most accurate?
Antiviral therapy is curative
Antibiotics eliminate the virus
No effective treatment is available
Corticosteroids prevent infection
Which statement best describes viral hemorrhagic disease (VHD) in rabbits as presented?
A chronic, low-contagion illness limited to North America
An acute, highly contagious disease widespread in parts of Asia and Europe
A bacterial condition primarily affecting juvenile rabbits
A fungal infection with slow progression
What are the suspected types of viruses that cause viral hemorrhagic disease in rabbits?
Adenovirus or orthomyxovirus
Parvovirus or retrovirus
Coronavirus or paramyxovirus
Herpesvirus or poxvirus
Which transmission route is identified as most likely for viral hemorrhagic disease in rabbits?
Vector-borne via mosquitoes
Aerosol transmission
Vertical transmission only
Waterborne transmission
Besides aerosols, which additional transmission pathway for viral hemorrhagic disease is noted?
Blood transfusion
Fomites
Sexual contact
Tick bites
Which rabbits are primarily affected by viral hemorrhagic disease according to the material?
Juveniles under 3 months
Adult rabbits, especially gestating and lactating does
Only neutered males
Wild rabbits exclusively
Which clinical outcome can occur with viral hemorrhagic disease even without prior clinical signs?
Chronic anemia
Acute death
Gradual weight loss
Dermatitis
Which pair of clinical signs is commonly associated with viral hemorrhagic disease in rabbits?
Hypothermia and bradycardia
Dyspnea and tachycardia
Diarrhea and jaundice
Ataxia and nystagmus
What sequela may follow seizurelike activity in rabbits with viral hemorrhagic disease?
Rapid recovery with no complications
Collapse followed quickly by death
Long-term neurological deficits only
Spontaneous remission
Which preventive measure is explicitly noted as available for viral hemorrhagic disease?
Prophylactic antibiotics
A vaccine
Antifungal prophylaxis
Nutritional supplementation
What import control is required for rabbits entering the United States from European and Asian countries due to viral hemorrhagic disease risk?
Mandatory spay/neuter
Strict quarantine
Routine deworming
Immediate release to owners
Which neoplasia is identified as a leading cause of death in intact pet female rabbits?
Lymphosarcoma
Uterine adenocarcinoma
Embryonal nephroma
Bile duct adenoma
Which clinical signs are associated with uterine adenocarcinoma in rabbits? Select the best answer.
Weight gain and polydipsia
Palpable uterine nodules, decreased fertility, and dystocia
Neurologic deficits and head tilt
Hematuria and pruritus
What pattern of tumor presence and growth is typical for uterine adenocarcinoma in rabbits?
Single slow-growing tumor
Multiple tumors that grow rapidly
Single tumor with rapid regression
Diffuse non-tumorous hyperplasia
Metastasis from uterine adenocarcinoma in rabbits most commonly involves which tissues?
Hepatic tissues
Pulmonary tissues
Renal tissues
Skeletal muscle
Match each neoplasia type commonly reported in rabbits with its noted characteristic or affected group.
Lymphosarcoma
Primarily affect juveniles and young adults; a genetic factor may be involved
Embryonal nephroma
Primarily affect juveniles and young adults; a genetic factor may be involved
Bile duct adenoma/carcinoma
Primarily affect juveniles and young adults; a genetic factor may be involved
Which statement best describes the age group primarily affected by lymphosarcoma, embryonal nephroma, and bile duct adenoma/carcinoma in rabbits?
Neonates only
Juveniles and young adults
Middle-aged adults
Geriatric rabbits
Which of the following are listed as rare neoplasias reported in rabbits?
Ovarian, testicular, stomach, urinary bladder, and skin cancers
Pancreatic, brain, thyroid, and bone cancers
Liver, spleen, cardiac, and adrenal cancers
Eye, nasal cavity, ear, and tongue cancers
Which term is commonly used to refer to moist dermatitis in small animals?
Exudative alopecia
Slobbers
Hot spots
Ringworm
What underlying mechanism most directly leads to moist dermatitis according to the material?
Fungal colonization of dry skin
Autoimmune attack on sebaceous glands
Bacterial infection of skin chronically wetted by drooling or poor husbandry
Nutritional deficiency causing brittle hair
Match each feature with its description related to moist dermatitis.
Etiology
Bacterial infection of chronically wet skin (e.g., drooling from malocclusion or poor husbandry)
Clinical odor
Foul-smelling exudative dermatitis
Anatomical location
Around the folds of the dewlap
Primary treatment approach
Correct the cause; topical or systemic antibiotics usually helpful
In cases where malocclusion causes drooling, what complication is most likely to develop?
Otitis externa
Moist dermatitis due to bacterial infection
Hyperkeratosis of paw pads
Conjunctivitis
Which treatment strategy is emphasized for managing moist dermatitis?
Aggressive debridement without antibiotics
Systemic steroids as first-line therapy
Correcting the underlying cause with topical or systemic antibiotics
Antifungal shampoos only
In the provided image of a rabbit with moist dermatitis, which feature most clearly indicates a "slobbers" appearance associated with wet, matted fur causing skin irritation?
Dry, fluffy fur around the muzzle and paws
Wet, matted fur with discoloration and debris near the mouth and chin
Smooth, intact skin without lesions
Clean, evenly groomed coat with no moisture
Match each visual cue to its interpretation in the context of moist dermatitis in rabbits.
Wet, matted fur
Indicates persistent moisture (e.g., slobbers)
Pink to red inflamed skin patches
Suggests active dermatitis and irritation
Accumulated debris and discoloration
Reflects contamination from saliva and bedding
Frayed hair tufts around affected area
Represents hair damage secondary to skin inflammation
Which inheritance pattern best describes Buphthalmia in rabbits?
Autosomal recessive
Autosomal dominant
X-linked recessive
Mitochondrial
In which rabbit breed is Buphthalmia noted as common according to the material?
Dutch rabbits
New Zealand white rabbits
Flemish Giant rabbits
Rex rabbits
Which set lists typical clinical signs of Buphthalmia?
Enlarged, protruding eyes; corneal opacity; ulceration
Small sunken eyes; clear cornea; pruritus
Normal eye size; photophobia; epiphora
Proptosis due to trauma; retinal detachment; cataract
According to the description, how many eyes can be affected in Buphthalmia?
Only one eye
Only both eyes simultaneously
One or both eyes
Neither eye; it is systemic only
What is a serious possible consequence mentioned for eyes affected by Buphthalmia?
Rupture of the eye
Permanent miosis
Optic nerve regeneration
Spontaneous resolution without treatment
On what basis is the diagnosis of Buphthalmia primarily made?
Genetic sequencing alone
Clinical signs
Serum antibody titers
Advanced imaging only
What is the usual outcome for animals diagnosed with Buphthalmia as stated in the material?
Long-term management with topical therapy
Surgical correction and full recovery
Observation without intervention
Euthanasia
