What is the optimal anticoagulant concentration in EDTA?

Blood specimens for CBC must be analyzed within ____ hours of collection if stored at room temperature

Blood specimens for CBC must be analyzed within ____ hours of collection if stored at 4 degree Celsius

Blood smears should be made within ___ hours of collection.

What is the cause of insufficient EDTA?

What is the cause of excessive EDTA?

Leads to presence of clots

Leads to decreased Hct, ESR, degenerative changes in WBC, and increased MCHC as well as Plt count

formation of a ring-shaped molecular complex in which a metal ion is covalently bound

a process in which a current test result is compared with the result of the same test from the previous specimen from the same patient

A test being ordered automatically based on the results of prior tests or preset parameters

– any numerical value that depicts an entire population

✓ Most commonly used blood collection tube in the Hematology section

causes cellular clumping (especially of platelets), which leads to pseudoleukocytosis (falsely ↑ WBC count) and pseudothrombocytopenia (falsely ↓ platelet count) on some hematology analyzers

must NOT be used for lithium level determination

causes the least interference in chemistry testing

most widely used anticoagulant for plasma and whole blood chemistry tests

must NOT be used for sodium level determination or for electrolyte panel

must NOT be used for ammonia level determination

Correction for platelet satellitosis and EDTA-induced platelet clumping upon re-collection from blue top

The CBC results showed that the patient’s platelet count is low at 90,000/mm3 and his leukocyte count is high at 15,000/ mm3. The medical technologist then examined the patient’s blood smear under the microscope and observed that it demonstrates platelet clumps. The phlebotomist re-collected the patient’s blood using 3.2% sodium citrate tube and another CBC was performed. The new results obtained are 115,000/mm3 for the platelet count and 11,000/mm3 for the WBC count. Determine the final platelet count and WBC count for this patient.

Hemolysis

Excessive agitation

Prolonged tourniquet application

Excessive needle manipulation

Platelet contamination

Presence of clots

Increased AC concentration

Which type of EDTA tube is used for molecular diagnostic tests?

Which type of EDTA tube causes platelet satellitism?

Which type of EDTA tube is centrifuged within 6 hours after collection?

Which type of EDTA tube contain spray-coated K2 EDTA (plastic)?

Which type of EDTA tube is used for whole blood hematology?

Which type of EDTA tube is designed with special crossmatch label for patient information?

Which type of EDTA tube contain either clot activator (plastic serum) or K2EDTA (plastic)?

Which type of EDTA tube is used for trace element, toxicology, and nutritional chemistry determinations?

Which type of EDTA tube has K2EDTA (plastic)?

Which type of EDTA tube is used for lead determinations (contains <0.01 ug/mL or ppm of lead)?

Which type of EDTA tube contain K2EDTA with gel?

Which type of tube contain 3.8% sodium citrate?

Which type of tube is used on Westergren and ESR?

What is the blood to anticoagulant ratio of black top?

Buffered Sodium Citrate GLASS

Buffered Sodium Citrate pLASTIC

Which anticoagulant is used for platelet studies, and coagulation determinations?

Which anticoagulant is the remedy for Platelet Satellitism?

forceful mixing or an excessive number of inversions can activate platelets and shorten clotting times

-critical ratio between anticoagulant and blood: in sodium citrate

Which anticoagulant is used for plasma determinations in chemistry, osmotic fragility test, blood gas studies?

Which anticoagulant causes cellular clumping (especially of platelets), leading to pseudoleukocytosis and pseudothrombocytopenia on some analyzers?

Which anticoagulant inhibits thrombin (therefore, it is contraindicated for coagulation studies)?

Which anticoagulant is used for blood culture specimen collections in microbiology?

Which anticoagulant is used on blood bank tests, HLA tests, DNA tests, and paternity tests?

Which antiglycotlytic agent is used on glucose level determination (for delayed testing of blood glucose levels)?

Potassium oxalate or Sodium EDTA (Na2EDTA) is the anticoagulant in the tube containing this antiglycolytic agent.

If a blood film is not stained within 2 hours, heparin gives what background color when stained with Wright's stain?

Which of the following causes the least interference in chemistry testing?

Which anticoagulant is Light-sensitive?

Which anticoagulant is has normally slightly yellowish appearance that becomes clear when no longer viable?

Used for platelet function assays such as platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin assays

Which of the following is used for coagulation tests only?

Which clot activator or serum-yielding tubes has glass (silicone-coated), plastic (silicone-coated with clot activator) additive?

Which clot activator or serum-yielding tube is used for serum determinations in chemistry?

Which clot activator or serum-yielding tube is used for routine blood donor screening and diagnostic of serum for infectious disease?

Which clot activator or serum-yielding tube has a blod clotting time of 60 minutes or 1 hour?

Which clot activator or serum-yielding tube contain clot activator and gel additive?

Which clot activator or serum-yielding tube has 30 minutes blood clotting time?

Which clot activator or serum-yielding tube contain thrombin-based clot activator?

Which clot activator or serum-yielding tube is used on STAT serum determinations in chemistry?

Which clot activator or serum-yielding tube has a blood clotting time of 5 minutes?

Tourniquet application

Anchor the vein with the thumb....

Cleansing of venipuncture site is done in a

Remove the tourniquet as soon as blood flow is established or after no longer than

If tourniquet is left on for a longer time because of difficulty in finding a vein, it should be removed for how many minutes and reapplied before the venipuncture is performed?

The most common skin antiseptic.

Collecting blood for legal blood alcohol level

Used for preparing sterile sites for blood culture.

What is the technique of choice to obtain blood from newborns and pediatric patients? It may also be used on adult patients who are severely burned and whose veins are being reserved for therapeutic purposes, patients who are extremely obese, and in elderly patients with fragile veins.

What is the skin puncture site for children older than 1 and adults?

What is the skin puncture site for infants under 1 year of age?

Heel puncture must not be deeper than how many mm beneath the plantar heel-skin surface of the heel?

Osteomyelitis can be prevented by penetrating the skin no deeper than..?

When creating a blood smear, the angle between the spreader and film slide must be

If the angle of the spreader is too high

Size of the drop of blood is too LARGE

Size of the drop of blood is too small

Speed of the spreader is too fast

If the hematocrit is too high

If the hematocrit is too low

If the blood sample of patient has an anemia, when making its PBS, what should be considered?

If the blood sample of patient has polycythemia vera, when making its PBS, what should be considered?

Speed of the spreader is too slow leading to poor WBC distribution and?

If the angle of the spreader is too low

What scanning method exhibits tail to head pattern?

What scanning method exhibits back and forth serpentine pattern?

-no power source necessary

portable instrument

semi-automated preparation of up to two blood films

uses approximately 0.2 mL of well-mixed anticoagulated blood

Advantages: ▪even distribution of cells ▪consistency of preparations ▪monolayer of cells ▪fewer smudge cells (esp. in CLL patients

a basic stain, it colors the nucleus and some cytoplasmic structures a blue or purple color (stained structures are described to be basophilic [e.g., DNA or RNA])

an acidic stain, it colors some cytoplasmic structures an orange-red color (stained structures are described to be acidophilic [e.g., proteins with amino groups])

the whole process of quick staining technique takes

the whole process of automated staining technique takes

the whole process of manual staining technique takes

✓ Flood the slide with Wright’s stain ✓ Allow the stain to remain on the slide for 1 to 3 mins. ✓ Buffer is then added

Generally, 5 to 10 mins. to stain a batch of slides

✓ Uses modified Wright or Wright-Giemsa stain filtered into a Coplin jar or a staining dish ✓ Aged distilled water is used as the buffer

Which of the following are slide makers and stainers?

Which of the following is the fixative in blood film staining?

0.05 M Sodium Phosphate (pH 6.4) or age diluted water placed in glass bottle for at least 24 hours in blood film staining is used as?

correct pH for blood smear staining

What is the color of RBCs in a well-stained blood smear?

What is the color of neutrophils in a well-stained blood smear?

What is the most common cause if RBCs: gray (or blue) WBCs: too dark Eosinophil granules: gray

What is the most common cause if RBCs: too pale or are red WBCs: barely visible

Which of the following is the most common cause of gray or blue RBC, too dark WBCs, and gray eosinophilic granules?

Which of the following is the most common cause of too pale or red RBC and barely visible WBCs?

What is the color of eosinophil granules in a well-stained blood smear?

What is the color of WBC nuclei in a well-stained blood smear?

-patient has increased blood proteins (as in plasma cell myeloma)

-RBC agglutination (as seen in cold hemagglutinin diseases)

-patient has increased lipid levels

markedly increased WBC counts and platelet counts

Storage of blood smear slides: at least ___ DAYS before proper disposal

-Used to: ▪ detect fibrin strands (if they are present, the film should be rejected), recognize rouleaux formation or RBC agglutination quickly detect unexpected parasites ▪ assess the area available for suitable examination

Used also to estimate total WBC count:

-Used to: ▪assess overall film quality, color and distribution of cells

-Used to: ▪locate rare abnormal WBCs (examples: blasts, reactive lympho- cytes) or other cells which may be examined more closely under higher magnification

-Used to: ▪ detect “snowplow” effect (presence of more than four times the number of WBCs per field at the lateral edges or feather edge compared with the monolayer area) which will make the blood smear unacceptable ▪