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AP Psych Unit 1A Review

Total questions: 248

Worksheet time: 2hrs 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

This area of the brain acts like the CEO

a)

frontal lobe

b)

occipital lobe

c)

temporal lobe

d)

parietal lobe

2.

During this phase of an action potential, a neuron cannot fire

a)

refractory period

b)

depolarization

c)

resting potential

d)

hyperpolarization

3.

This branch of science deals with changes made to your DNA expression based on external events

a)

epigenetics

b)

genetics

c)

cytology

d)

biochemistry

4.

This sleep disorder is characterized by difficulty breathing while asleep

a)

sleep apnea

b)

insomnia

c)

narcolepsy

d)

restless leg syndrome

5.

This type of imaging measures oxygen use to specific parts of the brain while subjects complete a task

a)

fMRI

b)

CT scan

c)

EEG

d)

PET scan

6.

Type of imaging often used in the ER to locate brain damage

a)

CT

b)

Ultrasound

c)

X-ray

d)

PET

7.

This area of the brain is called the “little brain” and helps with procedural memory and fine motor control

a)

cerebellum

b)

hippocampus

c)

amygdala

d)

thalamus

8.

This neurotransmitter is related to your body’s reward pathway

a)

dopamine

b)

serotonin

c)

acetylcholine

d)

GABA

9.

This brain area controls spatial awareness and sense of touch

a)

parietal lobe

b)

frontal lobe

c)

occipital lobe

d)

temporal lobe

10.

This SPECIFIC brain area controls speech production

a)

Broca’s area

b)

Wernicke’s area

c)

Occipital lobe

d)

Cerebellum

11.

This part of the neuron insulates axons to speed up signals

a)

myelin sheath

b)

axon terminal

c)

cell body

d)

dendrite

12.

This sleep stage is when sleepwalking may occur

a)

NREM 3

b)

REM

c)

NREM 1

d)

NREM 2

13.

Neurotransmitter that regulates mood, appetite, sleep, and is linked to depression

a)

serotonin

b)

dopamine

c)

acetylcholine

d)

norepinephrine

14.

Type of drug that excites nervous system

a)

stimulant

b)

depressant

c)

analgesic

d)

antibiotic

15.

Damage to a brain area

a)

lesion

b)

neuron

c)

synapse

d)

axon

16.

This type of imaging measures brain waves and is important for studying sleep and seizures

a)

EEG

b)

MRI

c)

CT scan

d)

PET scan

17.

Area of the nervous system that controls voluntary movement

a)

somatic nervous system

b)

autonomic nervous system

c)

central nervous system

d)

parasympathetic nervous system

18.

Hormone released during fight or flight

a)

adrenaline

b)

insulin

c)

thyroxine

d)

oxytocin

19.

This hormone tells us we are full

a)

leptin

b)

insulin

c)

ghrelin

d)

adrenaline

20.

Bundle of neurons that filters sensory information and regulates alertness/arousal/sleep-wake transitions

a)

reticular activating system

b)

optic chiasm

c)

corpus callosum

d)

hippocampus

21.

Brain area that controls heart rate and breathing

a)

medulla

b)

cerebellum

c)

thalamus

d)

hypothalamus

22.

CNS part that controls reflexes (_____)

a)

spinal cord

b)

cerebrum

c)

medulla oblongata

d)

cerebellum

23.

This is the major debate about whether our genes or our environment affect our behavior (_____)

a)

nature vs. nurture

b)

classical conditioning

c)

operant conditioning

d)

cognitive dissonance

24.

Ability of a brain area to take over a function after damage (_____)

a)

neuroplasticity

b)

synaptogenesis

c)

myelination

d)

apoptosis

25.

This is the concept that once a neuron receives enough excitatory signal it will fire, there is no in-between (_____)

a)

all or none principle

b)

graded potential

c)

refractory period

d)

synaptic transmission

26.

This hormone signals hunger to the brain (_____)

a)

ghrelin

b)

insulin

c)

leptin

d)

thyroxine

27.

Are adopted individuals to have personalities more like their biological parents or adoptive parents?

a)

biological

b)

adoptive

c)

friends

d)

teachers

28.

Wernicke’s area is in this lobe (_____)

a)

temporal

b)

frontal

c)

parietal

d)

occipital

29.

Controls the ability to form new memories (_____)

a)

hippocampus

b)

cerebellum

c)

amygdala

d)

thalamus

30.

A headache caused by missing your cup of morning coffee is a sign of (_____)

a)

withdrawal

b)

addiction

c)

dehydration

d)

insomnia

31.

The two categories of the peripheral nervous system are.... (_____)

a)

somatic and autonomic

b)

central and peripheral

c)

motor and sensory

d)

sympathetic and parasympathetic

32.

What part of the nervous system controls fight or flight?

a)

sympathetic nervous system

b)

parasympathetic nervous system

c)

central nervous system

d)

somatic nervous system

33.

What part of the nervous system controls rest and digest?

a)

parasympathetic nervous system

b)

sympathetic nervous system

c)

central nervous system

d)

somatic nervous system

34.

These type of nervous system cells provide structure, insulation, communication, and waste transport (_____)

a)

glial cells

b)

neurons

c)

axons

d)

dendrites

35.

Master of all glands! (_____)

a)

pituitary gland

b)

thyroid gland

c)

adrenal gland

d)

pancreas

36.

This is cut in split brain patients (_____)

a)

corpus callosum

b)

optic chiasm

c)

thalamus

d)

cerebellum

37.

Shows the relative area dedicated to a given body part in the motor and sensory cortices (_____)

a)

homunculus

b)

cerebellum

c)

thalamus

d)

gyrus

38.

Damage to this lobe would cause vision issues (_____)

a)

occipital

b)

frontal

c)

parietal

d)

temporal

39.

Someone has reached this if they have a diminished drug effect with the same dosage

a)

tolerance

b)

addiction

c)

withdrawal

d)

dependence

40.

Level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse (_____)

a)

threshold

b)

synapse

c)

axon

d)

refractory period

41.

A person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it (_____)

a)

blindsight

b)

aphasia

c)

prosopagnosia

d)

synesthesia

42.

This type of processing takes care of routine business (_____)

a)

parallel

b)

batch

c)

real-time

d)

distributed

43.

Thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, amygdala, hippocampus make up this ____________

a)

limbic system

b)

digestive system

c)

respiratory system

d)

endocrine system

44.

Sensory relay system for all senses except smell ____________

a)

thalamus

b)

hypothalamus

c)

cerebellum

d)

medulla oblongata

45.

Speech is found in this hemisphere in the majority of people ____________

a)

left

b)

right

c)

frontal

d)

occipital

46.

Category of drug that increases neural firing by acting like a naturally occurring NT ____________

a)

agonist

b)

antagonist

c)

inhibitor

d)

depressant

47.

What do we call the part of the action potential graph leading the spike when ions are flowing into the axonal membrane?

a)

Depolarization

b)

Hyperpolarization

c)

Repolarization

d)

Resting potential

48.

This NT is excitatory and linked to learning and memory ____________

a)

Glutamate

b)

GABA

c)

Dopamine

d)

Serotonin

49.

Primary motor cortex is located in this lobe ____________

a)

frontal

b)

parietal

c)

temporal

d)

occipital

50.

Opioids mimic this NT and can lower the natural supply of it

a)

endorphins

b)

dopamine

c)

serotonin

d)

acetylcholine

51.

An excess of this NT can lead to chronic pain ____________

a)

substance p

b)

dopamine

c)

serotonin

d)

acetylcholine

52.

The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body this is called ____________

a)

contralateral

b)

ipsilateral

c)

bilateral

d)

unilateral

53.

This type of processing is used for solving new problems ____________

a)

sequential

b)

parallel

c)

batch

d)

real-time

54.

Areas of the cortex not directly involved in primary motor or sensory functions ____________

a)

association areas

b)

primary areas

c)

motor cortex

d)

sensory cortex

55.

Controls fear and aggression ____________

a)

amygdala

b)

hippocampus

c)

cerebellum

d)

thalamus

56.

Somatosensory cortex is located in this lobe ____________

a)

parietal

b)

frontal

c)

temporal

d)

occipital

57.

Overseer of the endocrine system ____________

a)

hypothalamus

b)

cerebellum

c)

medulla oblongata

d)

thalamus

58.

Jet lag and shift work are examples of disruption to our ____________

a)

circadian rhythm

b)

respiratory system

c)

digestive process

d)

immune response

59.

Chemicals that are released into a synapse ____________

a)

neurotransmitter

b)

hormone

c)

enzyme

d)

antibody

60.

This part of the hypothalamus regulates our circadian rhythm ____________

a)

suprachiasmatic nucleus

b)

arcuate nucleus

c)

paraventricular nucleus

d)

mammillary bodies

61.

Chemical released by the endocrine system are called ____________

a)

hormones

b)

enzymes

c)

neurotransmitters

d)

vitamins

62.

What visual field must something be in for split brain patients for them to speak about it?

a)

right

b)

left

c)

upper

d)

lower

63.

These type of receptors are affected in myasthenia gravis ____________

a)

acetylcholine

b)

dopamine

c)

serotonin

d)

histamine

64.

The myelin sheath is affected in this disorder ____________

a)

multiple sclerosis

b)

diabetes mellitus

c)

osteoporosis

d)

asthma

65.

Some forms of anesthesia block this type of receptor ____________

a)

acetylcholine

b)

dopamine

c)

serotonin

d)

histamine

66.

This stage decreases throughout the night ____________

a)

Stage 3

b)

Stage 1

c)

Stage 2

d)

REM

67.

Our brain operate two distinct systems in a process called __________.

a)

dual processing

b)

single processing

c)

parallel computing

d)

serial thinking

68.

Brain waves in an awake individual (__________).

a)

alpha

b)

beta

c)

delta

d)

theta

69.

An undersupply of this NT has been linked to Alzheimer’s (__________).

a)

acetylcholine

b)

dopamine

c)

serotonin

d)

norepinephrine

70.

What visual field must something be in for split brain patients to pick it up with their right hand (__________).

a)

right

b)

left

c)

upper

d)

lower

71.

An undersupply of this NT has been linked to Parkinsons (__________).

a)

dopamine

b)

serotonin

c)

acetylcholine

d)

norepinephrine

72.

Hypnogogic sensations happen during this stage of sleep (__________).

a)

stage 1

b)

stage 2

c)

REM sleep

d)

stage 4

73.

Sleep disorder characterized by problems falling or staying asleep (__________).

a)

insomnia

b)

narcolepsy

c)

apnea

d)

restless leg syndrome

74.

This increases throughout the night (__________).

a)

REM

b)

NREM

c)

Delta waves

d)

Sleep spindles

75.

Brain waves in Stage 3 of sleep (__________).

a)

Delta

b)

Alpha

c)

Beta

d)

Theta

76.

An excess of this NT has been linked to schizophrenia (__________).

a)

dopamine

b)

serotonin

c)

acetylcholine

d)

GABA

77.

Brain waves in Stage 1 (__________).

a)

theta

b)

delta

c)

alpha

d)

beta

78.

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks (__________).

a)

narcolepsy

b)

insomnia

c)

sleep apnea

d)

restless leg syndrome

79.

Sleepwalking. The sleepwalker can walk, talk and see, but will have little or no memory of the event when they wake up. (__________).

a)

Somnambulism

b)

Narcolepsy

c)

Insomnia

d)

Sleep Apnea

80.

Physically and vocally act out vivid, unpleasant (usually) dreams. Occurs due to a loss of sleep atonia (a temporary paralysis of muscles). (__________).

a)

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

b)

Narcolepsy

c)

Sleep Apnea

d)

Night Terrors

81.

This dream theory states that we organize the day’s memories through dreams (__________).

a)

consolidation

b)

activation-synthesis

c)

wish fulfillment

d)

problem-solving

82.

This dream theory states that we increase neural activity and organize it into stories (__________).

a)

activation synthesis

b)

Freud's wish fulfillment

c)

information processing

d)

cognitive development

83.

Dreams happen during this stage (__________).

a)

REM

b)

NREM

c)

Stage 1

d)

Stage 2

84.

An undersupply of this NT is seen in depression (__________).

a)

serotonin

b)

dopamine

c)

acetylcholine

d)

norepinephrine

85.

Hormone critical to sleep (__________).

a)

melatonin

b)

insulin

c)

adrenaline

d)

thyroxine

86.

Stage 2 of sleep shows these in brain waves that are spikes in brain wave activity (__________).

a)

sleep spindles

b)

alpha waves

c)

delta waves

d)

REM bursts

87.

Hormone released when we are with someone we trust (__________).

a)

oxytocin

b)

adrenaline

c)

insulin

d)

cortisol

88.

Alcohol and opioids are __________.

a)

depressants

b)

stimulants

c)

hallucinogens

d)

anabolic steroids

89.

This excitatory NT is linked to alertness and arousal (__________).

a)

norepinephrine

b)

serotonin

c)

acetylcholine

d)

dopamine

90.

The major inhibitory NT (__________).

a)

GABA

b)

Glutamate

c)

Dopamine

d)

Serotonin

91.

These antidepressants block the reuptake of serotonin (__________).

a)

SSRIs

b)

MAOIs

c)

TCAs

d)

SNRIs

92.

Category of drug that stops neural firing by blocking receptors (__________).

a)

antagonist

b)

agonist

c)

stimulant

d)

depressant

93.

Caffeine, cocaine, and nicotine are __________________

a)

stimulants

b)

depressants

c)

hallucinogens

d)

narcotics

94.

This classification of drug evokes sensory images without sensory input

a)

hallucinogens

b)

stimulants

c)

depressants

d)

narcotics

95.

What is the main function of the cerebral cortex?

a)

Regulating body temperature and heart rate.

b)

Processing sensory information and controlling cognitive functions.

c)

Producing hormones and regulating metabolism.

d)

Filtering waste products and maintaining fluid balance.

96.

Which part of the brain is responsible for forming new memories?

a)

cerebellum

b)

hippocampus

c)

amygdala

d)

medulla

97.

What is the role of the amygdala in the brain?

a)

The amygdala is responsible for processing visual information.

b)

The amygdala is responsible for controlling motor functions.

c)

The amygdala is responsible for processing emotions and storing emotional memories.

d)

The amygdala is responsible for regulating body temperature.

98.

Which lobe of the brain is primarily associated with auditory processing?

a)

occipital lobe

b)

temporal lobe

c)

parietal lobe

d)

frontal lobe

99.

What is the primary function of the occipital lobe?

a)

Regulating body temperature

b)

Processing visual information

c)

Controlling motor functions

d)

Processing auditory information

100.

What happens when the hippocampus is damaged?

a)

Improved memory and enhanced ability to form new memories.

b)

Memory loss and difficulties in forming new memories.

c)

Temporary memory loss and difficulties in forming new memories.

d)

No effect on memory or ability to form new memories.

101.

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for visual processing?

a)

Temporal lobe

b)

Parietal lobe

c)

Occipital lobe

d)

Frontal lobe

102.

What is the primary function of the parietal lobe?

a)

Regulating body temperature

b)

Processing visual information

c)

Controlling motor functions

d)

Processing sensory information and spatial perception

103.

What role does the cerebellum play in the brain?

a)

The cerebellum is responsible for processing emotions.

b)

The cerebellum is responsible for controlling motor functions.

c)

The cerebellum is responsible for processing visual information.

d)

The cerebellum is responsible for regulating body temperature.

104.

What is the function of the medulla in the brain?

a)

Regulating body temperature and heart rate.

b)

Processing sensory information and controlling cognitive functions.

c)

Producing hormones and regulating metabolism.

d)

Controlling involuntary functions such as breathing and heart rate.

105.
forming new neurons
a)
plasticity 
b)
neurogenesis
106.
brains ability to recover
a)
plasticity
b)
neurogenesis
107.
Shows hotspots of the brain consumption of glucose
a)
EEG
b)
PET
c)
MRI
d)
CT
108.

What are chemical messengers that transmit signals across synapses?

a)

receptors

b)

hormones

c)

enzymes

d)

neurotransmitters

109.

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as reasoning and problem-solving?

a)

frontal lobe

b)

parietal lobe

c)

temporal lobe

d)

occipital lobe

110.

Which part of the brain plays a key role in processing emotions, especially fear and aggression?

a)

cerebellum

b)

hippocampus

c)

thalamus

d)

amygdala

111.

What is the function of the limbic system?

a)

Regulating emotions and memory

b)

Controlling motor functions

c)

Processing visual information

d)

Regulating body temperature

112.

What happens when the limbic system is damaged?

a)

Loss of emotional control

b)

Enhanced memory formation

c)

Improved motor skills

d)

Increased body temperature

113.
Name the lobe that appears pink in this image.
a)
Frontal
b)
Parietal
c)
Temporal
d)
Occipital
114.
When you go to reach for a pencil and you miss the mark, you may have an impaired...
a)
Parietal Lobe
b)
Cerebellum
c)
Frontal Lobe
d)
Temporal Lobe
115.
The four lobes of the brain make up the:
a)
Cerebellum
b)
Diencephalon
c)
Cerebrum
d)
Brainstem
116.
Name the lobe that appears yellow in this image.
a)
Frontal
b)
Parietal
c)
Temporal
d)
Occipital
117.
What is the main control center of the body that contains the brain and spinal cord?
a)
Peripheral nervous system
b)
Central nervous system
c)
Autonomic nervous system
d)
Somatic nervous system
118.
Which lobe of the brain is located on the sides by your ears?
a)
Temporal
b)
Frontal
c)
Occipital
d)
Parietal
119.
What is this?
a)
Cerebrum
b)
Cerebellum
c)
Brain Stem
d)
Diencephalon
120.
Possesses the Primary Motor Cortex
a)
Temporal Lobe
b)
Parietal Lobe
c)
Occipital Lobe
d)
Frontal Lobe
121.

Possesses the Somatosensory Cortex

a)

Temporal Lobe

b)

Parietal Lobe

c)

Occipital Lobe

d)

Frontal Lobe

122.

What is the purpose of the corpus callosum?

a)

Send information from one hemisphere of the brain to the other hemisphere.

b)

Production of language.

c)

Allows you to see.

d)

Processes your glands.

123.

What does Broca's area do?

a)

Processing language understanding.

b)

Allows production of speech.

c)

Makes associations between a place and name.

d)

Makes associations between a name and a face.

124.

Which of the following hemispheric specializations is not correct?

a)

left hemisphere- language production

b)

right hemisphere- spatial skills

c)

left hemisphere- emotion recognition

d)

right hemisphere- creativity

125.

If a split brain patient were have an image flashed to their right hemisphere (left visual field), then

a)

the patient would be able to tell you what they saw.

b)

the patient would be able to use their left hand to unconsciously draw the image.

c)

the patient would be able to use their right hand to unconsciously draw the image.

d)

The patient would have no way to identify what they saw.

126.

An electroencephalogram allows a researcher to understand ___.

a)

different stages of sleep.

b)

see structure of the brain.

c)

determine specific areas of brain activity.

d)

produces an image to indicate activity of the brain.

127.

Depolarization

a)

Phase of action potential where the inside of the neuron becomes less negative due to the influx of positively charged ions, such as sodium ions.

b)

Phase of action potential where the inside of the neuron becomes more negative due to the efflux of potassium ions.

c)

Phase of action potential where the neuron is at rest and no ions are moving across the membrane.

d)

Phase of action potential where the neuron is hyperpolarized and cannot fire an action potential.

128.

Action Potential

a)

Brief electrical impulse that travels along the axon of a neuron.

b)

A chemical signal that transmits information between neurons.

c)

A type of neurotransmitter released during synaptic transmission.

d)

A process that occurs only in the dendrites of a neuron.

129.

All-or-Nothing Principle

a)

States that once a neuron reaches its threshold of excitation, it will fire an action potential at full strength.

b)

Indicates that neurons can fire at varying strengths depending on the stimulus.

c)

Suggests that neurons can only fire if they receive a continuous signal.

d)

Implies that all neurons fire simultaneously regardless of the stimulus.

130.

Somatic Nervous System

a)

Division of the peripheral nervous system responsible for controlling voluntary movements and relaying sensory information from the body to the central nervous system.

b)

Part of the central nervous system that regulates involuntary actions.

c)

System that connects the brain to the spinal cord only.

d)

Network responsible for processing emotions and memory.

131.

Resting Potential

a)

The stable, negative electrical charge that exists across the cell membrane of a neuron when it is not actively transmitting signals.

b)

The process by which a neuron sends an electrical signal down its axon.

c)

The temporary change in electrical potential that occurs when a neuron is activated.

d)

The ability of a neuron to recover after firing an action potential.

132.

Interneurons

a)

Nerve cells that serve as connectors within the central nervous system, relaying signals between sensory neurons and motor neurons.

b)

Cells that transmit signals from the brain to the muscles.

c)

Sensory neurons that detect external stimuli.

d)

Motor neurons that initiate movement in response to stimuli.

133.

Autonomic Nervous System

a)

Division of the central nervous system that controls voluntary movements.

b)

Division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary bodily functions.

c)

Part of the brain responsible for conscious thought and decision making.

d)

System that manages sensory information and reflex actions.

134.

Peripheral Nervous System

a)

Consists of all the nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.

b)

Is responsible for processing sensory information and coordinating responses.

c)

Includes only the cranial nerves and spinal nerves.

d)

Is part of the central nervous system along with the brain and spinal cord.

135.

Sympathetic Nervous System

a)

Responsible for activating the body's 'fight or flight' response in times of stress or danger.

b)

Regulates the body's rest and digest functions.

c)

Controls voluntary muscle movements.

d)

Manages the body's energy expenditure during sleep.

136.

Threshold

a)

The maximum level of stimulation that can be tolerated by a neuron.

b)

The level of stimulation required to trigger an action potential in a neuron.

c)

The average level of stimulation experienced by a neuron during rest.

d)

The level of stimulation that inhibits neuronal activity.

137.

Sensory Neurons

a)

Specialized nerve cells that transmit sensory information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system.

b)

Nerve cells that only transmit motor information to muscles.

c)

Cells that are responsible for processing visual information in the brain.

d)

General nerve cells that do not have a specific function.

138.

Glial Cells

a)

Cells that transmit electrical signals in the nervous system.

b)

Support cells that provide structural support, insulation, and nourishment to neurons.

c)

Cells that form the blood-brain barrier only.

d)

Cells that are responsible for the production of neurotransmitters.

139.

Myasthenia Gravis

a)

Chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, where nerve impulses are transmitted to muscles.

b)

A viral infection that causes muscle weakness and fatigue.

c)

A genetic disorder that leads to muscle degeneration over time.

d)

An acute bacterial infection that affects the nervous system.

140.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

a)

Responsible for promoting relaxation and restoring the body to a calm state after experiencing stress or danger.

b)

Stimulates the body's fight or flight response during stressful situations.

c)

Increases heart rate and blood pressure in response to danger.

d)

Prepares the body for physical activity and energy expenditure.

141.

Motor Neurons

a)

Nerve cells that transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles, glands, and organs, initiating and controlling voluntary and involuntary movements.

b)

Cells that only transmit signals from muscles to the brain.

c)

Nerve cells that are responsible for processing sensory information.

d)

Cells that connect different parts of the brain to each other.

142.

Refractory Period

a)

A brief period during which a neuron can generate multiple action potentials.

b)

A brief period following an action potential during which a neuron is unable to generate another action potential.

c)

The time it takes for a neuron to recover from a synaptic transmission.

d)

The phase when a neuron is at rest and not transmitting signals.

143.

According to the evolutionary approach, behavioral and mental ____?____ should be a primary focus of psychology.

a)

observation

b)

growth

c)

adaptiveness

d)

conflicts

144.

Consists of the brain and spinal cord.

a)

Peripheral Nervous System

b)

Central Nervous System

c)

Autonomic Nervous System

d)

Somatic Nervous System

145.

What is the term for the biological process that regulates the sleep/wake cycle?

a)

Circadian Rhythm

b)

Sleep Cycle

c)

Biological Clock

d)

Sleep Regulation

146.

Which part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination?

a)

Cerebellum

b)

Cerebrum

c)

Brainstem

d)

Thalamus

147.

What is the primary function of the reflex arc?

a)

To allow for quick, involuntary responses to stimuli

b)

To process sensory information and make decisions

c)

To enhance voluntary muscle control

d)

To regulate body temperature

148.

What is the function of the somatic nervous system?

a)

To control involuntary muscle movements

b)

To regulate heart rate and blood pressure

c)

To control voluntary muscle movements

d)

To manage digestive processes

149.

What is the primary function of the frontal lobe?

a)

Memory retention

b)

Emotional regulation

c)

Decision making and problem solving

d)

Visual processing

150.

Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?

a)

Axon

b)

Dendrites

c)

Soma

d)

Myelin sheath

151.

Which stage of sleep is characterized by rapid eye movement?

a)

NREM

b)

Stage 1

c)

REM

d)

Stage 2

152.

What is the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

a)

To transmit signals across synapses

b)

To protect neurons from damage

c)

To store genetic information

d)

To provide energy to the brain

153.

Which of the following will be the most alike?

a)

Fraternal twins raised in the same environment.

b)

Identical twins raised in different environments.

c)

Siblings raised in the same environment.

d)

Identical twins raised in the same environment.

154.

Generally speaking, heritability is the extent to which

a)

differences among people are accounted for by genes.

b)

An individual's traits are due to genes or the environment.

c)

differences among people are due to the environment.

d)

differences among people are due to their cultural heritage.

155.

Which of he following best explains epigenetics?

a)

The process of how the brain adapts to different environmental changes and creates new neural pathways.

b)

A measurement to determine how much variation there in in a population when it comes to a population's genes.

c)

The study of how our environment and a person's behavior impact how our genes work.

d)

The study of the impact of natural selection on a population and individuals that make up that population

156.

This part of the endocrine system helps communicate with the other glands in the endocrine system and is under the direction of the hypothalamus.

a)

Pineal gland

b)

Thyroid gland

c)

Pituitary gland

d)

Pancreas

157.

Hormones are ___________ released into the ____________.

a)

neurons; neurotransmitters

b)

chemical messengers; bloodstream

c)

electrical messengers; bloodstream

d)

chemical messengers; synapse

158.

Which of the following communicates with the pituitary gland, which in turn controls the endocrine system?

a)

Nervous system

b)

Hypothalamus

c)

Spinal Cord

d)

Pancreas

159.

Which is the correct order/sequence of the parts of a neuron in a neural impulse?

a)
axon, dendrite, cell body, synapse
b)
dendrite, axon, cell body, synapse
c)
synapse, axon, dendrite, cell body
d)
dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse
160.
Neurons that travel toward the central nervous system are called
a)

afferent/sensory neurons

b)

efferent/motor neurons

c)
exit neurons
d)
CNS neurons
161.

.

Label the Neuron-What does the letter "H" represent?

a)

Schwan celln

b)

Axon terminal

c)

Axon

d)

Dendrite

162.

Myelin would be which color of structure?

a)

the red one

b)

the blue one

c)

the green one

d)

the purple one

163.

All the parts of the nervous system except the brain and spinal cord.

a)

Central Nervous System (CNS)

b)

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

c)

Autonomic nervous system

d)

Somatic nervous system

164.
The part of the neuron that insulates the axon and increases the speed of the neural message within the neuron.
a)
Synapse
b)
Dendrite
c)
Myelin Sheath
d)
Axon Terminal Button
165.

Which part of the peripheral nervous system deals with involuntary activities?

a)

somatic

b)

autonomic

166.
The correct direction of the neural impulse within one neuron.
a)
Axon Terminal to Dendrite
b)
Dendrite to Axon Terminal
c)
Cell Body to Axon
d)
Axon Terminal to Cell Body
167.

I support neurons and help produce myelin what am I?

a)

Axons

b)

Dendrites

c)

Glial cells

d)

Cell bodies

168.

After the neurotransmitter crosses he synaptic gap what process occurs?

a)

Reuptake

b)

The axon sends the message across the synaptic gap

c)

The resting period

d)

Threshold

169.

The tiny gap between neurons where nerve impulses are sent from one neuron to another.

a)

synapse

b)

axon terminal

c)

impulse

d)

myelin

170.
In order for a neuron to have an action potential, the neuron must receive more
a)
excitatory neurotransmitters
b)
inhibitory neurotransmitters
c)
agnostic neurotransmitters
d)
antagonistic neurotransmitters
171.

The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.

a)

Threshold

b)

Action Potential

c)

Resting Potential

d)

Refractory Period

172.

A neurons reaction of either firing (with a full length response) or not firing.

a)

all-or-none response

b)

refractory period

c)

threshold

d)

action potential

173.

Type of neurons that carry information from the CNS through nerves to effectors such as muscles or glands.

a)

Sensory Neurons

b)

Interneurons

c)

Motor Neurons

174.

Which brain structure is responsible for controlling arousal?

a)

Reticular Formation

b)

Hypothalamus

c)

Cerebral Cortex

d)

Corpus Callosum

175.

Which brain area is involved in language comprehension and expression?

a)

Wernicke's Area

b)

Motor Cortex

c)

Temporal Lobes

d)

Frontal Lobes

176.
A split-brain patient has a picture of a knife flashed to her left hemisphere and that of a fork to her right hemisphere. She will be able to
a)
Identify the fork using her left hand
b)
Identify a knife using her left hand
c)
Identify a knife using either hand
d)
Identify a fork using either hand
177.
Lesion
a)
The destruction of tissue
b)
Part of the limbic system and influences the emotions of fear and aggression
c)
The formation of new neurons
d)
Stimulation of the sensory cortex
178.
CT (Computed tomography) scan
a)
Measures the level of activity of different areas of the brain by tracing their consumption of a radioactive form of glucose
b)
An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity of the brain
c)
An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity of the brain
d)
A series of X - ray photographs combined by computer into composite representation of a slice through the body
179.
Aphasia
a)
Located in the left frontal lobe, involved in controlling the motor ability to produce speech
b)
An impairment of language as a result of damage to any of several cortical areas, including the Broca's and Wernicke's area
c)
Located in the left temporal lobe, involved in language comprehension and expression
d)
The large band of neural fibers that links the right and left cerebral hemispheres
180.
Corpus Callosum
a)
An impairment of language as a result of damage to any of several cortical areas, including the Broca's and Wernicke's area
b)
Located in the left temporal lobe, involved in language comprehension and expression
c)
The large band of neural fibers that links the right and left cerebral hemispheres
d)
Located in the left frontal lobe, involved in controlling the motor ability to produce speech
181.
dual processing
a)
the brain's capacity for modification (brain's reorganization following damage)
b)
the principle that the brain often processes information simultaneously on separate conscious and unconscious tracks
c)
the brain's capacity to process stimuli on both sides of the body at the same time
d)
a condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it
182.

Dr. Frankenstein made a mistake during neurosurgery on his monster. After the operation, the monster "saw" with his ears and "heard" with his eyes. It is likely that Dr. Frankenstein "rewired" neural connections in the monster's

a)

hypothalamus

b)

cerebellum

c)

amygdala

d)

thalamus

183.
thalamus
a)
relays incoming peripheral information to the cerebral cortex and other parts of the brain
b)
relays incoming sensory information to the cerebral cortex and other parts of the brain
c)
relays incoming nervous information to the cerebral cortex and other parts of the brain
d)
relays incoming chemical information to the cerebral cortex and other parts of the brain
184.
Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce
a)
epileptic seizures
b)
clonic seizures
c)
aphasia
d)
narcolepsy
185.
association areas
a)
The most extensive regions of the cerebral cortex, which enable learning and memory
b)
a thin intricate covering of interconnected neural cells atop the cerebral hemispheres
c)
a neural system associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and basic physiological drives
d)
the brain's capacity for modification (brain's reorganization following damage)
186.
The ability to recognize faces with the right hemisphere but not with the left hemisphere best illustrates
a)
Parkinson's disease
b)
lateralization
c)
neurogenesis
d)
aphasia
187.
Which brain area is primarily involved with controlling speech
a)
left parietal lobe
b)
right occipital lobe
c)
Wernicke's area
d)
Broca's area
188.
A functional MRI (fMRI) and a PET scan both:
a)
provide a way to measure the functioning and activity of the brain.
b)
produce black and white scans of the brain’s structures.
c)
create selective injuries that allow researchers to study brain function.
d)
provide detailed computerized interpretations of brain dysfunctions.
189.
Gerald's grandmother suffers from Alzheimer's disease and exhibits symptoms of memory loss. Which neurotransmitter is likely impaired?
a)
GABA
b)
Serotonin
c)
Dopamine
d)
Acetycholine (ACh)
190.

opiates are...

a)

drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

b)

drugs that reduce neurotransmission and temporarily lessen pain and anxiety

c)

symptoms associated with discontinuing a drug

d)

drugs that cause hallucinations

191.

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow your body functions

a)

hallucinogen

b)

stimulants

c)

depressants

d)

tolerant

192.

drugs that cause delusions and distort perceptions of reality

a)

stimulants

b)

withdrawal

c)

hallucinogens/psychedelics

d)

depressants

193.

drugs that speed up the central nervous system & provide a user with a sense of increased energy

a)

opiates

b)

stimulants

c)

sedatives

d)

psychoactive drugs

194.

creates a need to increase the amounts of the drug to experience the same affects

a)

withdrawal

b)

blood-brain barrier

c)

tolerance

d)

opiatic

195.

set of symptoms associated with discontinuing a drug-reverses neuroadaptation

a)

withdrawal

b)

tolerance

c)

marijuana

d)

drugs

196.
Controls arousal  (sleepiness and awakefulness)
a)
Reticular Formation
b)
Thalamus
c)
Amygdala
d)
Medulla
197.
Known as the "Little Brain" and is in charge of balance and coordinating movements
a)
Thalamus
b)
Reticular Formation
c)
Hypothalamus
d)
Cerebellum
198.
Damage this and you won't form new memories
a)
Hypothalamus
b)
Hippocampus
c)
Amygdala
d)
Thalamus
199.
Controls motivational behaviors, including: feeding, fight-flight response, and fornicating
a)
Hippocampus
b)
Amygdala
c)
Reticular Formation
d)
Hypothalamus
200.
The split-brain procedure involves the cutting of this
a)
Cerebral Cortex
b)
Cerebellum
c)
Corpus Callosum
d)
Caudate Nucleus
201.
Brain hemisphere associated with spatial abilities and recognizing others faces
a)
Left Hemisphere
b)
Right Hemisphere
202.
Damage to the cerebellum would most affect the career of
a)
an architect
b)
a teacher
c)
an athlete
d)
a librarian
203.
A tumor on the temporal lobe would most affect the career of 
a)
an architect
b)
a musician
c)
a professor
d)
a researcher
204.
Damage to the medulla would most likely result in 
a)
impaired planning abilities
b)
death
c)
a coma
d)
blindness
205.
A person has a stroke on her occipital lobe.  What might happen to her?
a)
reduced planning abilities
b)
deafness
c)
coma
d)
blindness
206.
Caffeine, cocaine, and Ecstasy are all ___________.
a)
neurotransmitters
b)
opiates
c)
hallucinogens
d)
stimulants
207.
People who are low in serotonin might experience
a)
dissociation
b)
depression
c)
hallucinations
d)
mood swings
208.
The space between neurons
a)
axon
b)
terminal buttons
c)
synapse
d)
mylien sheath
209.

Which Sleep stage features K-Complexes and Sleep Spindles?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

REM

210.

Which Sleep stage features Delta waves?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

REM

211.

Which Sleep stage features vivid dreaming and muscle paralysis?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

REM

212.

In which sleep stage do nightmares occur?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

REM

213.

In which sleep stage does sleep walking occur?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

REM

214.

Narcolepsy involves a sudden attack of

a)

REM Sleep

b)

Snoring

c)

Delta wave activity

d)

The Munchies

215.

Sleep apnea involves a ______________________ of breathing during sleep

a)

cessation/decrease

b)

reversal

c)

increase

d)

all of these

216.

A normal sleep cycle through all 4 sleep stages should occur approximately every _________________________

a)

3 seconds

b)

90 minutes

c)

120 minutes

d)

30 minutes

217.

The __________________________________ is the structure in the brain that controls the Circadian Rhythm

a)

Anterior Myopticle

b)

Superchiasmatic Nucleus

c)

Nodes of Ranvier

d)

Outer Dorsal thalamus

218.

Children have more stage 3/Delta wave sleep than adults

a)

True

b)

False

219.

Rem behavior disorder happens during __________ sleep

a)

REM

b)

Stage 2

c)

Stage 1

d)

While we are awake

220.

What type of brain waves are present during relaxed wakefulness?

a)

Alpha waves

b)

Delta waves

c)

Beta waves

d)

Gamma waves

221.

Which stage of sleep is characterized by the absence of rapid eye movements?

a)

Stage 2 sleep

b)

Stage 1 sleep

c)

NREM sleep

d)

REM sleep

222.

What term refers to sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus?

a)

delusion

b)

illusion

c)

perception

d)

hallucination

223.

What are the sensations of falling or floating that are sometimes experienced during the transition from wakefulness to sleep?

a)

Night terrors

b)

Sleep paralysis

c)

Sleepwalking

d)

Hypnagogic or hypnopompic sensations

224.

Which type of brain waves are associated with deep sleep?

a)

Gamma waves

b)

Alpha waves

c)

Beta waves

d)

Delta waves

225.

What is the small region of the brain that controls the timing of sleep and wakefulness?

a)

Cerebellum

b)

Amygdala

c)

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

d)

Hippocampus

226.

What is the term for the persistent inability to fall asleep or stay asleep?

a)

insomnia

b)

sleep apnea

c)

restless leg syndrome

d)

narcolepsy

227.

What sleep disorder is characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day?

a)

Narcolepsy

b)

Restless leg syndrome

c)

Insomnia

d)

Sleep apnea

228.
As the sleep cycle evolves through the night, people tend to:
a)
spend more time in REM sleep and less time in NREM sleep.
b)
spend more time in NREM sleep and less time in REM sleep.
c)
spend a more or less equal amount of time in REM sleep and NREM sleep.
d)
spend more time in stage 4 sleep and less time in REM sleep.
229.
Which dream theory suggests dreams are the mind's attempt to make sense of random neural activity in the brain while one sleeps?
a)
information processing
b)
physiological function
c)
activation synthesis
d)
cognitive development
230.

The active stage of sleep during which your breathing changes, your heart rate and blood pressure rise, and your eyes dart around rapidly is called:

a)

cirdadian rhythm

b)

REM sleep

c)

melatonin

d)

NREM

231.

What is the name of the hormone that is released and makes us sleepy?

a)

Dopamine

b)

Serotonin

c)

Endorphins

d)

Melatonin

232.

Sleep enhances and consolidates ....

a)

bone density

b)

memories

c)

digestion

d)

coordination

233.

In NREM-1, ________________ are the sensation that we are falling, which causes us to wake up.

a)

delta waves

b)

sleep spindles

c)

hypnagogic sensations

d)

hallucinations

234.
Which neurotransmitter affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal?
a)
Acetylcholine (ACh)
b)
Serotonin
c)
GABA
d)
Dopamine
235.
Which neurotransmitter inhibits brain activity?
a)
Acetylcholine
b)
GABA
c)
Endorphins
d)
Dopamine
236.
Too much of this neurotransmitter can cause severe muscle spasms and even death
a)
Serotonin
b)
Endorphins
c)
Acetylcholine
d)
GABA
237.
Nicotine can artificially stimulate receptor sites, making it an __________
a)
Acetylcholine
b)
Antagonist
c)
Agonist
d)
Axon
238.
The release of this neurotransmitter is 100x more potent than any opiate (painkilling drug):
a)
Norepinephrine
b)
Serotonin
c)
GABA
d)
Endorphin
239.
Prozac works to combat depression by keeping this neurotransmitter in the synapse longer:
a)
Serotonin
b)
Acetylcholine
c)
GABA
d)
Endorphins
240.
This neurotransmitter is most often associated with pleasure/reward sensations:
a)
Acetylcholine
b)
GABA
c)
Dopamine
d)
Serotonin
241.
Which neurotransmitter is involved in muscle movements?
a)
Acetylcholine
b)
Endorphins
c)
Serotonin
d)
GABA
242.

Type of synapse which increases the chance of the next neuron firing

a)

Inhibitory

b)

Excitatory

c)

Neurotransmitters

d)

Neuron

243.
Too much dopamine is linked with
a)
Alzheimers
b)
Schizophrenia
c)
Parkinsons
d)
Depression
244.
Stephanie suffers from migraines often and occasional seizures, but has tested negative for epilepsy. Which of the following might be prescribed to help her condition?
a)
Antagonist for glutamate
b)
Agonist for sertonin
c)
Antagonist for GABA
d)
Agonist for norepinephrine
245.
Penelope claims to be bothered by the fact that her left hand unties her show while her right hand ties it. She appears to be unable to integrate messages between her left and right hemisphere. This may be a result of:
a)
an intact corpus callosum
b)
neurogenesis
c)
plasticity
d)
a split-brain surgery
246.
Which neurotransmitter is mostly responsible for alertness and arousal?
a)
Norepinephrine
b)
Serotonin
c)
Dopamine
d)
GABA
247.
Loss of Dopamine-producing neurons is a cause of:
a)
paralysis
b)
Parkinson's
c)
anxiety
d)
Alzheimer's
248.
Which neurotransmitter is released in response to injury or trauma?
a)
Acetylcholine
b)
Endorphins
c)
Serotonin
d)
GABA

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