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WorksheetsAirframe sys 100
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
Control surface flutter is minimized by:
reducing the moment of the critical engine
aerodynamic balance of the control cables
changing the wings before they reach their critical life
mass balance of the control surface
A damage tolerant structure:
has degree of structural strength redundancy spread over a large area
is light, non load bearing structure, damage to which will not adversely affect the aircraft
is replaced when it reaches its predicted life
need not be repaired until the aircraft undergoes deep maintenance
Aircraft structures consists mainly of:
light alloy steel sheets with copper rivets and titanium or steel materials at points requiring high strength
magnesium alloy sheets with aluminum rivets and titanium or steel at points requiring high strength
aluminum alloy sheets and rivets with titanium or steel materials at points requiring high strength
aluminum sheets and rivets with titanium or steel materials at points requiring high strength
The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass (MZFM) of an aircraft is:
the maximum permissible take-off mass of the aircraft
the maximum permissible mass of an aircraft with no usable fuel
the maximum permissible mass of an aircraft with zero payload
the maximum permissible landing mass
A shuttle valve:
is used to replace NRVs
allows two supply sources to operate one unit
allows one source to operate two units
acts as a non-return valve
A restrictor valve:
is used to restrict the number of services available after loss of system pressure
controls the rate of movement of a service
controls the rate of build-up of pressure in the system
controls the distance a jack moves
A relief valve:
relieves below system pressure
maintains pressure to a priority circuit
relieves at its designed pressure
prevents excessive pressure through increased fluid temperature
With air in the hydraulic system, you would:
ignore it because normal operation would remove it
bleed the air out of the system
allow the accumulator to automatically adjust itself
expect it to operate faster
Pascal's law states that:
pressure is inversely proportional to load
liquid is compressible
oxygen can be used to charge the accumulators
applied force acts equally in all directions
A high pressure hydraulic pump:
needs a positive fluid supply
does not need a positive fluid supply
outlet pressure is governed by centrifugal force
does not need a cooling fluid flow
The purpose of an accumulator is to:
relieve excess pressure
store fluid under pressure
store compressed gas for tyre inflation
remove air from the system
A separator in an accumulator:
isolates the gas from the fluid
reduces the size of the accumulator required
removes the dissolved gases from the fluid
maintains the fluid level in the reservoir
In an operating hydraulic actuator the pressure of the fluid will be:
greatest near to the actuator due to the load imposed on the jack
greatest at the opposite end to the actuator due to the load imposed on the actuator
high initially, falling as the actuator completes its travel
the same at all points
A pressure maintaining or priority valve:
enables ground operation of services when the engines are off
is used to ensure available pressure is directed to essential services
is used to control pressure to services requiring less than system pressure
is used to increase pressure in the system
A hydraulic lock occurs:
when the thermal RV operates
when fluid by passes a system and returns to the tank
when flow is stopped and the actuator is not able to move
when fluid and air enters the cylinder and only fluid is allowed to bypass to the reservoir
A non-return valve:
can only be fitted if provided with a by-pass selector
closes if inlet pressure exceeds outlet pressure
opens if inlet pressure equals outlet pressure
closes if inlet pressure ceases
The purpose of a reservoir is to:
compensate for temperature changes
compensate for small leaks, expansion and jack displacement
compensate for fluid loss
minimize pump cavitation
When the hydraulic system pressure is released:
reservoir air pressure will increase
reservoir fluid contents will rise if reservoir is lower than other components in the system
reservoir fluid contents will fall if reservoir is the highest point in the system
reservoir contents are dumped overboard
A variable displacement pump on system startup will be at:
minimum stroke
an optimized position depending on fluid viscosity
maximum stroke
mid stroke
A main system hydraulic pump:
does not need a positive fluid supply if primed before startup
always needs a positive fluid supply in order to prevent cavitation
does not need a positive fluid supply in order to prevent cavitation
can be run dry without causing any damage
Oil is used in an oleo strut to:
support the weight of the aircraft
limit the speed of compression of the strut
lubricate the piston within the cylinder
limit the speed of extension and compression of the strut
The nose wheel assembly must be centred before retraction because:
there is limited space in the nose wheel bay
the aircraft may swerve on the next landing if the nose wheel is not straight
the tyres may be damaged on landing if the nose wheel is not straight
it will remove any slush or debris which may have accumulated on take-off
Creep (slippage):
is not a problem with tubeless tyres
refers to the movement of the aircraft against the brakes
alignment can rip out the inflation valve on tubed tyres, and deflate the tyre
can be prevented by painting lines on the wheel and tyre
Landing gear ground locking pins are:
fitted before flight to ensure the landing gear locks are fully cocked
removed prior to flight and returned to stores
fitted after flight to maintain a hydraulic lock in the downlock jack
removed prior to flight and stowed on the aircraft where they are visible to the crew
A nose wheel steering control system:
prevents the nose wheel from castoring at all times
allows the nose wheel to castor within preset limits about the neutral position
allows the nose wheel to castor freely at all times
prevents the nose gear from lowering if the nose wheels are not centralized
The ply rating of a tyre:
always indicates the number of cords or plies in the tyre carcass
never indicates the number of cords or plies in the tyre carcass
indicates whether or not an inner tube should be fitted
is the index of the tyre strength
The purpose of pulley wheels in cable control systems is:
to ensure the cable tensions are equal throughout the system
to change the direction of the control cable
to ensure smooth operation of the system
to prevent the cable from slackening
The purpose of the primary stops in a control system is:
to set the range of movement of the control surface
to enable the secondary stops to be correctly spaced
to limit control movement to one direction only
to set the control surface neutral position
To yaw the aircraft to the right:
the right rudder pedal is pushed forward and the rudder moves to the left
the right rudder pedal is pushed forward and the rudder moves to the right
the left rudder pedal is pushed forward and the rudder moves to the left
the left rudder pedal is pushed forward and the rudder moves to the left
To roll the aircraft to the right:
the rudder control is moved to the right, the right aileron moves up and the left down
the aileron control is moved to the left and the right aileron moves up and the left down
the aileron control is moved to the right and the right elevator goes up and the left one down
the aileron control is moved to the right, the right aileron goes up and the left one down
Main and nose wheel bays are:
pressurized
unpressurized
conditioned
different, with the mains being unpressurized and the nose pressuriz
In level pressurized flight what does the outflow valve do?
Close
Adjust to provide constant flow, and is normally partially open
Open to increase air conditioning
Adjust to provide maximum flow, and is normally almost closed
Fatigue life of the fuselage is based on the:
number of pressurization cycles
number of explosive decompressions
number of landings only
number of cycles at maximum differential
Cabin discharge valve (pneumatic) is supplied with:
air data computer output information
cabin and static pressure
cabin pressure, static and air speed information
cabin pressure only
How is the (charge) air cooled in a bootstrap (turbo-compressor) system?
By expanding over turbine
By expanding over turbine driving compressor
Via an air cooled radiator
By passing it through the fuel heater
Maximum differential pressure:
is the maximum authorized pressure difference between the inside of the fuselage and the atmospheric ambient pressure
is the absolute pressure provided by the vacuum pump
is the pressure loss over a given time limit
is the absolute pressure the cabin pressure ducting is designed to carry
Air for conditioning and pressurization is taken from:
the engine compressor or cabin compressor
the engine by pass duct or thrust reverse by pass duct
the engine compressor or ram turbine
the engine turbine or cabin compressor
Negative differential is limited by:
dump valve
inward relief valve
outflow valve
safety valve
Safety valves operate:
at higher than maximum differential
as soon as initiation takes place
at a lower diff than a discharge valve
at a set value, which is selected
When air is pressurized the % of oxygen:
increases
decreases
remains the same
nil
If the pressurization air is passed over the cold air unit compressor it:
increases the charge air temperature
decreases the charge air temperature
decreases the charge air pressure
makes no change to the charge air condition
A pressurization system works by:
essentially constant input mass flow and variable output
essentially constant output mass flow and variable input
does not start until an altitude of 8000 ft has been reached
supplying hot gases from the engine exhaust unit to the mass flow control system
The maximum altitude without oxygen at which flying efficiency is not seriously impaired is:
10 000 ft
17 500 ft
25 000 ft
30 000 ft
In a continuous flow oxygen system, oxygen is supplied:
only when the mask is plugged into the socket connection
only on passenger inhalation through the mask
only when the cabin altitude is above 18 000 ft
only when the supply has been regulated by the pilot
Oxygen cylinders are normally charged to:
1000 psi
1200 psi
1800 psi
2000 psi
The colour of American and European oxygen cylinders is:
red
blue
green
brown
If the pressurization system fails and the cabin starts to climb, then at 14 000 ft oxygen will be available to the passengers by:
the stewardess who will hand out masks
the passengers grabbing a mask from the overhead lockers
portable oxygen bottles located in the seat backs
masks automatically ejected to a half-hung position
A fuel booster pump, besides pumping fuel to the engine, can also be utilized to:
jettison and transfer fuel
jettison and heat the fuel
transfer and heat the fuel
transfer and recycle the fuel
The fuel cross-feed valves are fitted in order to facilitate:
the use of fuel from any tank to any engine
refuelling when only one bowser is in use
isolation of the engine from the fuel system in the case of an engine fire
transfer of fuel between the main fuel tanks
Fuel is heated:
to stop cavitation in the High Pressure fuel pump
to maintain a constant viscosity
to prevent water contamination
to stop ice blocking the Low Pressure fuel filter
A torsion box:
is a structure within the fuselage to withstand compression, bending and twisting loads
is a structure formed between the wing spars, skin and ribs to resist bending and twisting loads
is a structure within the wing for housing the fuel tanks, flight controls and landing gear
is a structure designed to reduce the weight
Control surface flutter is minimized by:
reducing the moment of the critical engine
aerodynamic balance of the control cables
changing the wings before they reach their critical life
mass balance of the control surface
The hydraulic fluid is changed, but the wrong fluid is replaced. This would lead to:
high operating fluid temperature
system failure from leaks and blocked filters, high temp and possible corrosion
a rise in the reservoir fill level
normal operation, it does not matter which fluid is used
The primary purpose of a hydraulic reservoir is:
to compensate for leaks, displacement and expansion
to allow a space into which spare fluid may be stored
to indicate system contents
to maintain fluid between a jack and the accumulator
The pressure filter in a hydraulic system:
filters the fluid returning to the tank
is fitted down stream of the pump
can be by passed when maximum flow is required
clears the fluid as it leaves the reservoir
The purpose of an accumulator is to:
relieve excess pressure
store fluid under pressure
store compressed gas for tyre inflation
remove air from the system
With a one way check valve (NRV):
flow stops when input pressure is greater than output pressure
flow stops when the thermal relief valve off loads the hand pump
flow starts when input pressure is less than output pressure
flow stops when input pressure is less than output pressure
The nose wheel assembly must be centred before retraction because:
there is limited space in the nose wheel bay
the aircraft may swerve on the next landing if the nose wheel is not straight
the tyres may be damaged on landing if the nose wheel is not straight
it will remove any slush or debris which may have accumulated on take-off
Creep (slippage):
is not a problem with tubeless tyres
refers to the movement of the aircraft against the brakes
alignment can rip out the inflation valve on tubed tyres, and deflate the tyre
can be prevented by painting lines on the wheel and tyre
Tyre wear when taxiing can be reduced by:
restricting the use of brakes and using thrust reversers
taxiing at less than 40 kph
staying on the smoothest parts of the taxiway
taxiing at less than 25 knots
Landing gear ground locking pins are:
fitted before flight to ensure the landing gear locks are fully cocked
removed prior to flight and returned to stores
fitted after flight to maintain a hydraulic lock in the downlock jack
removed prior to flight and stowed on the aircraft where they are visible to the crew
A nose wheel steering control system:
prevents the nose wheel from castoring at all times
allows the nose wheel to castor within preset limits about the neutral position
allows the nose wheel to castor freely at all times
prevents the nose gear from lowering if the nose wheels are not centralized
The ply rating of a tyre:
always indicates the number of cords or plies in the tyre carcass
never indicates the number of cords or plies in the tyre carcass
indicates whether or not an inner tube should be fitted
is the index of the tyre strength
The purpose of pulley wheels in cable control systems is:
to ensure the cable tensions are equal throughout the system
to change the direction of the control cable
to ensure smooth operation of the system
to prevent the cable from slackening
The purpose of the primary stops in a control system is:
to set the range of movement of the control surface
to enable the secondary stops to be correctly spaced
to limit control movement to one direction only
to set the control surface neutral position
To yaw the aircraft to the right:
the right rudder pedal is pushed forward and the rudder moves to the left
the right rudder pedal is pushed forward and the rudder moves to the right
the left rudder pedal is pushed forward and the rudder moves to the left
the left rudder pedal is pushed forward and the rudder moves to the left
To roll the aircraft to the right:
the rudder control is moved to the right, the right aileron moves up and the left down
the aileron control is moved to the left and the right aileron moves up and the left down
the aileron control is moved to the right and the right elevator goes up and the left one down
the aileron control is moved to the right, the right aileron goes up and the left one down
Main and nose wheel bays are:
pressurized
unpressurized
conditioned
different, with the mains being unpressurized and the nose pressurized
A/C in level flight: if cabin altitude increases, pressure diff:
increases
decreases
remains the same
nil
In level pressurized flight what does the outflow valve do?
Close
Adjust to provide constant flow, and is normally partially open
Open to increase air conditioning
Adjust to provide maximum flow, and is normally almost closed
The rate of change of cabin pressure should be kept to the minimum. This is more important:
in descent
in climb
in periods when the dehumidifier is in use
in cruise
Fatigue life of the fuselage is based on the:
number of pressurization cycles
number of explosive decompressions
number of landings only
number of cycles at maximum differential
Rate of change of cabin altitude is shown on a:
special gauge
aircraft VSI
cabin pressure controller
gauge reading a percentage of Max Diff Pressure
Cabin discharge valve (pneumatic) is supplied with:
air data computer output information
cabin and static pressure
cabin pressure, static and air speed information
cabin pressure only
What is the purpose of the duct relief valve?
To protect the undercarriage bay
To ensure the compressor pressure is regulated
To prevent damage to the ducts
To relieve excess pressure to compressor return line
How is the (charge) air cooled in a bootstrap (turbo-compressor) system?
By expanding over turbine
By expanding over turbine driving compressor
Via an air cooled radiator
By passing it through the fuel heater
A heat exchanger functions by:
combining ram and charge air
mixing the various vapours inside the heat exchanger
passing charge air through ducts and cool air around ducts
removing the static charge
Maximum differential pressure:
is the maximum authorized pressure difference between the inside of the fuselage and the atmospheric ambient pressure
is the absolute pressure provided by the vacuum pump
is the pressure loss over a given time limit
is the absolute pressure the cabin pressure ducting is designed to carry
If the discharge or outflow valve closes:
the duct relief valve will take control
the inward relief valve would assume control
the safety valve would limit the positive pressure difference
the safety relief valve would limit the negative pressure difference
Air for conditioning and pressurization is taken from:
the engine compressor or cabin compressor
the engine by pass duct or thrust reverse by pass duct
the engine compressor or ram turbine
the engine turbine or cabin compressor
In the cruise at 30 000 ft the cabin altitude is adjusted from 4000 ft to 6000 ft:
cabin differential will increase
cabin differential will not be affected
cabin differential will decrease
nil.
Negative differential is limited by:
dump valve
inward relief valve
outflow valve
safety valve
To maintain a steady and constant airflow regardless of altitude or cabin pressure:
a duct relief valve is fitted
a venturi device is fitted
a mass flow controller is fitted
a thermostatic relief valve is fitted
Safety valves operate:
at higher than maximum differential
as soon as initiation takes place
at a lower diff than a discharge valve
at a set value, which is selected
During a normal pressurized cruise, the discharge valve position is:
at a position pre-set before take-off
partially open
open until selected altitude is reached
closed until selected altitude is reached
When air is pressurized the % of oxygen:
increases
decreases
remains the same
nil
An aircraft is prevented from pressurizing on the ground by:
the auto deflating valve on the main oleos
inhibiting microswitches on the landing gear
inhibiting microswitches on the throttles
the pressure control master switch
If the pressurization air is passed over the cold air unit compressor it:
increases the charge air temperature
decreases the charge air temperature
decreases the charge air pressure
makes no change to the charge air condition
The term pressure cabin is used to describe:
pressurization of the flight deck only
the ability to pressurise the aircraft to a higher than ambient pressure
the passenger cabin on an airliner
the ability to maintain a constant pressure differential at all altitudes
A pressurization system works by:
essentially constant input mass flow and variable output
essentially constant output mass flow and variable input
does not start until an altitude of 8000 ft has been reached
supplying hot gases from the engine exhaust unit to the mass flow control system
The maximum altitude without oxygen at which flying efficiency is not seriously impaired is:
10 000 ft
17 500 ft
25 000 ft
30 000 ft
In a pressure demand oxygen system:
each member of the crew has a regulator
each member of the crew has a continuous oxygen supply
oxygen is supplied with a continuous pressure flow
oxygen demand will cause the pressure to rise
In a continuous flow oxygen system, oxygen is supplied:
only when the mask is plugged into the socket connection
only on passenger inhalation through the mask
only when the cabin altitude is above 18 000 ft
only when the supply has been regulated by the pilot
If the aircraft suffers a decompression passenger oxygen masks:
are released by the passengers
automatically drop to a half-hung (ready position)
are handed out by the cabin staff
must be removed from the life jacket storage
Oxygen cylinders are normally charged to:
1000 psi
1200 psi
1800 psi
2000 psi
Rate of flow of oxygen is given in:
litres/minute
pounds/minute
litres/second
kilos/hour
Lubrication of an oxygen component thread is by:
soap water
grease
oil
graphite
Baffles are fitted in aircraft fuel tanks:
to assist in correct fuel distribution
to prevent fuel surging during aircraft manoeuvres
to prevent the static build-up in the tank during refuelling
to channel fuel to the vent valve
During fuel jettison, the aircraft is protected against running out of fuel by:
high level float switches
preset jettison quantity switches
the crew remaining alert
low level float switches
Modern jet aircraft fuel tanks are pressurized:
by air from the engine compressor to prevent cavitation
by air from the air conditioning system to prevent cavitation
by ram air to prevent cavitation
by ram air to stabilize the boiling point
