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WorksheetsUnit 5: Development
Total questions: 85
Worksheet time: 43mins
What happens during the Germinal stage?
Fertilization and implantation occur — the zygote attaches to the uterine wall.
The fetus begins to move and organs start functioning.
The embryo develops all major organs and structures.
The baby is ready to be born and gains weight rapidly.
What is the main event of the embryonic stage?
The major organs begin to form — the embryo is most vulnerable to teratogenic agents.
The fetus begins to move and develops reflexes.
Fertilization between the egg and sperm occurs.
The baby is ready to be born and the lungs mature.
What are the characteristics of the fetal stage?
Rapid development and completion — movements and sensory responses are formed.
Formation of the neural tube and basic organs.
Implantation of the zygote into the uterine wall.
Fertilization of the egg by the sperm.
(Application - SS.912.P.6.9) Why is the embryonic stage considered the most important?
Because organ systems are developing and are vulnerable to toxins or diseases.
Because the fetus can already survive outside the womb.
Because the baby is already fully formed and only needs to grow further.
Because genetic traits are only determined at this stage.
A baby born with a heart defect after exposure to alcohol is likely to be affected during which stage?
Embryonic stage — when the heart and organs are forming.
Fetal stage — when growth and maturation occur.
Neonatal stage — after birth.
Pre-embryonic stage — before organ formation.
Which of the following is a biological (natural) influence on development?
Genetic factors such as DNA, heredity, and brain formation.
Socioeconomic status and family income.
Cultural traditions and exposure to language.
Interactions with peer groups and friendships.
Which environmental (nurturing) factors affect development?
Maternal nutrition, stress, illness, or exposure to toxins.
Eye color inherited from parents.
Genetic mutations present at birth.
Blood type determined by DNA.
The genetic risk of developing diabetes in a child only manifests with a poor diet. What does this indicate?
Gene-environment interaction — both biology and experience matter.
Only genes determine health outcomes.
Diet does not affect genetic risk.
Genetic risk is always expressed regardless of environment.
What does continuity versus discontinuity explain?
That some characteristics develop gradually and steadily while others change in stages.
That all characteristics are genetically inherited.
That development is completely unpredictable.
That behavior is only influenced by the environment.
What does a cross-sectional study compare?
Different age groups at the same point in time.
The same group over a long period of time.
Different locations at different points in time.
The effect of a treatment on a single group.
What is a longitudinal study?
A study that follows the same group of people over many years to observe changes.
A study that collects data at only one point in time.
A study that focuses on comparing different groups at the same point in time.
An experiment conducted in a laboratory in a single session.
If a psychologist follows infants up to adolescence, which research design is used?
Longitudinal — measures the development of each child over time.
Cross-sectional — compares different age groups at one point in time.
Experimental — manipulates variables to determine cause and effect.
Case study — in-depth analysis of an individual or group.
What is the purpose of an observational study?
To record natural behaviors without intervention.
To manipulate variables to test a hypothesis.
To interview participants about their opinions.
To conduct experiments in a laboratory.
Why might a longitudinal study be better than a cross-sectional study?
It reveals true developmental change rather than differences between groups.
It is less time-consuming than a cross-sectional study.
It avoids the problem of participant dropout over time.
It is less expensive than a cross-sectional study.
What is the rooting reflex?
A baby turns its head toward the cheek that is touched to search for a food source.
A baby grasps objects placed in its palm.
A baby starts crying when left alone.
A baby kicks its legs when startled.
What is the grasp reflex?
The baby's hand closes around a finger — promoting bonding and increasing grip strength.
The baby's foot curls when touched — helps with walking.
The baby turns its head toward the side where the cheek is touched — helps with feeding.
The baby blinks when exposed to bright light — protects the eyes.
What is the Moro reflex?
The arms and legs extend when hearing a loud noise or experiencing a sudden movement.
The baby turns their head toward the side that is stroked.
The toes curl when the sole of the foot is touched.
The baby grasps an object placed in their palm.
Why do doctors check the reflexes of newborn babies?
They help assess the health and development of the nervous system.
To determine the baby's eye color.
To check for milk allergies.
To measure the baby's weight.
What is temperament?
The natural emotional style of infants — such as easygoing, adaptable, or difficult.
A type of musical instrument used in an orchestra.
A method of measuring temperature in infants.
A specific diet plan for infants.
How can caregivers effectively respond to differences in temperament?
By adjusting routines and soothing methods to suit the child's temperament.
By ignoring the child's temperament and following a strict schedule.
By treating all children the same regardless of temperament.
By discouraging any expression of temperament differences.
What is the main characteristic of the Sensorimotor stage?
Infants learn through their senses and actions, then understand object permanence.
Children begin to think logically about concrete events.
Adolescents develop the ability to think about abstract concepts.
Language development is the main focus.
Which cognitive ability appears during the Preoperational stage?
Symbolic thinking such as pretend play and language development.
Conservation of mass and volume.
Abstract logical reasoning.
Understanding object permanence.
Which thinking skill defines the Concrete Operational stage?
Logical reasoning about real objects, including understanding the concept of conservation.
Egocentric thinking and lack of object permanence.
Abstract hypothetical reasoning and deductive logic.
Inability to understand the concept of conservation.
A child is debating a hypothetical issue such as justice or climate ethics. Which stage is this?
Formal operational stage — abstract and hypothetical reasoning.
Sensorimotor stage — object recognition and exploration through senses.
Preoperational stage — egocentric thinking and symbolic play.
Concrete operational stage — logical thinking about concrete events.
Why is the existence of object permanence important for later thinking?
It shows that children understand mental representation — the foundation of memory and reasoning.
It helps children develop motor skills faster.
It allows children to recognize colors earlier.
It ensures that children can speak earlier.
What motivates moral reasoning at the Pre-conventional level?
Avoiding punishment or receiving rewards.
Following universal ethical principles.
Maintaining social order and laws.
Seeking approval from others.
What defines the level of conventional morality?
Following rules to be accepted or to maintain social order.
Acting only to avoid punishment.
Making decisions based on personal benefit.
Completely ignoring societal expectations.
Choosing justice over law reflects which level?
Post-conventional — guided by personal principles or human rights.
Pre-conventional — based on consequences or rewards.
Conventional — following rules and laws.
Situational — depending on the context.
Why did Kohlberg say that age does not equate to the level of morality?
Because people of the same age can reason at different stages depending on their thinking, not their age.
Because the level of morality is only determined by education.
Because age always determines moral reasoning.
Because everyone of the same age has the same level of morality.
Which question defines the Trust vs. Mistrust stage?
Can I rely on others to meet my needs?
Is it safe to explore new environments?
Will I be rewarded for my efforts?
Do I have control over my actions?
Which conflict is faced during the stage of Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt?
Can I do things by myself or will I fail and feel doubt?
Can I trust others or will I doubt them?
Am I loved and wanted or am I rejected?
Can I form intimate relationships or will I be isolated?
At which stage is the question "Who am I?" asked, and at what age?
Identity vs. Role Confusion — adolescence.
Trust vs. Mistrust — infancy.
Intimacy vs. Isolation — young adulthood.
Generativity vs. Stagnation — middle adulthood.
A young adult is afraid of intimacy and avoids commitment. Which stage is being challenged?
Intimacy vs. Isolation — difficulty forming stable relationships.
Trust vs. Mistrust — unable to rely on others.
Industry vs. Inferiority — struggles with personal competence.
Identity vs. Role Confusion — uncertainty about oneself.
A middle-aged person volunteers and becomes a mentor to feel useful. Which stage is this?
Generativity vs. stagnation — contributing to others and society.
Trust vs. mistrust — developing trust in caregivers.
Identity vs. role confusion — developing a sense of self.
Integrity vs. despair — reflecting on life and feeling fulfilled or regretful.
What is the central question in the stage of "Integrity vs. Despair"?
Does my life have meaning or do I regret the way I have lived?
How can I achieve financial success?
Which career should I choose next?
How can I make new friends in a new city?
How does resolving the early stages affect later personality development?
Successful resolution helps build confidence for future conflicts; failure creates lasting insecurity or distress.
It does not affect later personality development.
It only affects physical development, not personality.
It causes immediate but temporary behavioral changes.
What is the key idea that links Piaget, Kohlberg, and Erikson?
Development involves both stability and change across different stages throughout life.
All three focus only on cognitive development.
They all believe that development ends in adolescence.
Each theorist rejects the idea of developmental stages.
Why are developmental theories described as discontinuous?
Because they propose distinct stages with qualitative changes in thinking or behavior.
Because they suggest that development is a smooth and gradual process.
Because they ignore the role of environment in development.
Because they focus only on physical development.
A teenager who questions rules instead of blindly accepting them reflects which overall idea?
Developmental change — thinking becomes more advanced and less rigid with age.
Peer pressure — teenagers tend to follow their friends rather than adults.
Cultural conformity — teenagers adapt to the expectations of mainstream culture.
Physical development — teenagers experience rapid changes in height and weight.
What is Erikson's core idea across the stages?
Each stage of life has a conflict — the way this conflict is resolved shapes personality over time.
Personality is fixed from birth and does not change.
Only childhood experiences affect personality development.
Each stage is independent and unrelated to other stages.
What are the gross motor milestones in the neonatal period?
Lifting the head, sitting, crawling, standing, and walking — coordination of large muscle groups.
Babbling, smiling, and recognizing faces — social skills.
Grasping small objects, drawing, and buttoning shirts — fine motor skills.
Naming colors, counting numbers, and reading — cognitive skills.
What are the fine motor milestones during the neonatal period?
Grasping objects, transferring objects from one hand to the other, developing the pincer grasp and pointing or clapping.
Walking independently, running, and jumping.
Speaking in complete sentences and reading books.
Potty training and tying shoelaces.
Why do gross motor skills and fine motor skills develop together?
Because cognition and motor skills develop through exploration and sensory feedback.
Because motor skills are only affected by genetics.
Because fine motor skills do not depend on gross motor skills.
Because gross motor skills are not related to sensory feedback.
How does physical activity support brain development?
Physical activity helps strengthen neural connections, balance, and hand-eye coordination.
Physical activity reduces the need for sleep and rest.
Physical activity decreases the brain's ability to learn.
Physical activity limits the development of social skills.
What is the role of cognition in the development of infants?
Cognition helps infants interpret sensory information and coordinate with movement.
Cognition prevents infants from responding to sensory information.
Cognition slows down the development of motor skills in infants.
Cognition has no impact on the development of infants.
Why is crawling an important developmental milestone?
It helps build core strength, depth perception, and bilateral coordination.
It helps children learn to speak earlier.
It improves children's sense of taste.
It teaches children how to read.
How do the motor and sensory systems influence each other?
They coordinate with each other — sensory information guides movement, and movement refines perception.
They operate independently without affecting each other.
The sensory system only responds after the motor action is completed.
The motor system only works when there is no sensory information.
What defines secure attachment?
The caregiver is consistent and responsive; the baby is quickly soothed when comforted.
The caregiver is inconsistent and unresponsive; the baby avoids comfort.
The caregiver is overly intrusive; the baby becomes anxious when separated from the caregiver.
The caregiver is indifferent; the baby does not show a preference for the caregiver.
What characterizes the avoidant attachment style?
The caregiver is distant or unresponsive; the baby avoids contact or appears indifferent.
The caregiver is overly attentive; the baby becomes clingy and anxious.
The caregiver is inconsistent; the baby is confused and disoriented.
The caregiver is caring and responsive; the baby forms a secure attachment.
What defines the resistant or ambivalent attachment style?
The caregiver is inconsistent; the baby clings and is angry when separated or reunited.
The caregiver is always responsive; the baby is independent and avoids contact.
The caregiver is indifferent; the baby does not show a preference between the caregiver and a stranger.
The caregiver is overly attentive; the baby is always happy when separated or reunited.
What defines disorganized attachment?
Caregiver is neglectful or frightening; baby appears confused or fearful.
Caregiver is consistently responsive; baby is securely attached.
Caregiver is inconsistently responsive; baby is anxious and clingy.
Caregiver is always absent; baby shows no attachment behavior.
Why is a secure attachment important?
It builds trust and emotional safety — foundation for future relationships.
It makes children more independent from their parents.
It guarantees academic success in all subjects.
It prevents all types of conflicts in life.
How can caregivers improve insecure attachment?
By becoming more consistent, calm, and responsive to the baby's cues.
By ignoring the baby's needs to encourage independence.
By frequently changing caregivers to expose the baby to new people.
By providing rewards only when the baby stops crying.
What is cooing and when does it occur?
At 2-3 months; infants make vowel-like "ooo" and "aaa" sounds when calm.
At birth; infants immediately start speaking full words.
At 6-8 months; infants begin to form complete sentences.
At 12 months; infants start using complex grammar.
What is babbling and when does it occur?
Around 6 months; infants repeat consonant-vowel sounds like "bababa" or "dadada."
At birth; infants immediately speak full sentences.
Around 2 years; infants start reading simple words.
At 12 months; infants only make vowel sounds.
What are gestures and when do they appear?
At 8-10 months; actions like pointing or waving to communicate meaning.
At 2-3 months; babbling sounds to attract attention.
At 12-14 months; forming two-word sentences.
At birth; crying to express needs.
Why is imitation important in language learning?
It builds sound accuracy, conversation rhythm, and joint attention.
It discourages social interaction.
It limits vocabulary growth.
It prevents understanding of grammar.
How does "parentese" support language?
The slow, exaggerated tone holds attention and helps babies decode speech sounds.
It discourages babies from paying attention to speech.
It confuses babies and delays language development.
It teaches babies to speak in monotone.
Why does language development depend on interaction?
Because social exchange teaches turn-taking, sound meaning, and emotional connection.
Because language develops only through reading books alone.
Because language is genetically predetermined and does not require interaction.
Because language development is unaffected by social experiences.
How do gestures and babbling show cognitive progress?
They prove infants understand cause-effect and can use symbols before speech.
They indicate infants have mastered walking.
They show infants can read and write.
They prove infants can solve complex math problems.
When do first words typically emerge?
Around 12 months — babies say words like "mama," "ball," or "no" with intent.
At birth — babies immediately start using words with intent.
Around 3 years — first words usually appear at this age.
Around 6 months — babies start speaking full sentences.
What is the naming explosion and when does it occur?
Between 18-24 months — rapid vocabulary growth and two-word phrases begin.
At birth — infants immediately start speaking in full sentences.
After 5 years — children begin to learn new words rapidly.
During adolescence — vocabulary growth is at its peak.
What does a phrase like "more juice" show?
Early grammar — combining words to express a want or thought.
Advanced reading skills — understanding complex stories.
Mathematical reasoning — solving number problems.
Physical coordination — using hands to build things.
Why do first words matter for development?
They show intentional communication and link words to needs, people, and objects.
They are only important for learning to read.
They help children skip other stages of development.
They are used only for entertainment purposes.
How does imitation support language learning?
Babies copy sounds and mouth movements — strengthening speech muscles and sound accuracy.
Imitation causes babies to forget words quickly.
Imitation makes babies ignore language cues.
Imitation delays the development of speech.
What is "serve and return" interaction?
Baby vocalizes and caregiver responds — teaching timing and back-and-forth conversation.
A baby plays alone without any interaction.
Caregiver ignores the baby's attempts to communicate.
Baby and caregiver interact only through gestures, not sounds or words.
What is parentese and why is it helpful?
Slow, high-pitched, exaggerated speech — helps infants detect patterns and separate words.
A type of sign language used by parents to communicate with infants.
A method of teaching infants to read using flashcards.
A form of baby talk that involves only using single words.
What is joint attention?
Caregiver and infant look at the same object while naming it — linking words to meaning.
A child playing alone with toys without interacting with others.
A caregiver feeding an infant without making eye contact.
Infants babbling to themselves in a crib.
A caregiver points to a dog and says "doggy!" while the baby looks. What process is this?
Joint attention — pairing words with a shared object.
Object permanence — understanding objects exist when out of sight.
Overextension — using a word for many objects.
Egocentrism — inability to see another's perspective.
Why is responsive interaction more effective than direct instruction for infants?
Because babies learn language through social exchange, not formal teaching — interaction wires the brain for communication.
Because infants prefer to be left alone rather than engaged in conversation.
Because direct instruction overwhelms infants with too much information at once.
Because infants cannot distinguish between different types of communication.
How does movement change as children grow?
It becomes smoother, faster, and more coordinated as muscles and the nervous system mature.
It becomes more rigid and less controlled as children grow.
Children lose the ability to move quickly as they grow.
Movement becomes slower and less coordinated with age.
What are examples of gross motor skills in childhood?
Running, jumping, climbing, riding bikes, and playing organized sports.
Drawing, coloring, writing, and cutting with scissors.
Reciting poems, singing songs, and storytelling.
Sorting shapes, matching colors, and solving puzzles.
What are examples of fine motor skills in childhood?
Writing, cutting, tying shoes, and using tools with precision.
Running, jumping, and climbing stairs quickly.
Singing loudly and dancing energetically.
Memorizing multiplication tables and reciting poems.
Why does physical coordination improve with age?
Because neural pathways and muscles mature, allowing more controlled movement.
Because bones become lighter, making movement easier.
Because the heart pumps less blood, reducing fatigue.
Because eyesight worsens, increasing focus on movement.
How does physical development support independence?
Better motor control allows children to care for themselves and engage in learning and play.
It makes children less interested in socializing.
It causes children to rely more on adults for help.
It limits children's ability to explore their environment.
How does attention change in childhood?
Attention span increases — children can focus longer with fewer distractions.
Attention span decreases — children become more easily distracted.
Children lose the ability to focus on any task.
Attention remains the same throughout childhood.
What does strategic memory mean?
Children begin to rehearse, organize, and chunk information on purpose.
Children forget information quickly after learning it.
Children rely only on rote memorization for all tasks.
Children avoid using any memory strategies.
Why can older children follow multi-step directions better?
Working memory strengthens, allowing them to hold and use information in sequence.
They have more physical energy to complete tasks.
They are less likely to ask for help.
They rely solely on visual cues.
How does problem-solving change with age?
Children shift from trial-and-error to planning and logical reasoning.
Children become less capable of solving problems as they age.
Adults rely solely on intuition rather than logic.
Problem-solving abilities remain unchanged throughout life.
Why is self-regulation a cognitive milestone?
It allows children to pause, manage frustration, and choose a thoughtful response.
It helps children memorize facts quickly.
It ensures children always follow instructions without question.
It makes children more physically active.
How do families shape social and emotional growth?
They teach values, emotional safety, routines, and coping skills.
They only provide financial support.
They focus solely on academic achievement.
They discourage emotional expression.
How do peers influence development?
Through play they teach sharing, rule-following, problem-solving, and conflict resolution.
By isolating children from social interactions.
By discouraging communication and teamwork.
By preventing children from learning new skills.
How does culture impact development?
It sets expectations, beliefs, behaviors, and identity norms.
It eliminates the need for social interaction.
It prevents any changes in personality.
It guarantees identical development for everyone.
What skill allows an older child to wait for their turn?
Emotional control and self-regulation.
Physical strength and agility.
Mathematical ability and calculation.
Artistic creativity and drawing.
How do social interactions improve moral and emotional maturity?
Interactions teach fairness, negotiation, perspective-taking, and empathy over time.
They eliminate the need for self-reflection and personal growth.
They encourage isolation and reduce understanding of others.
They focus only on academic achievement, not emotional skills.
