between ___ held in a correctional facility are currently held in a local jail

incarceration per 100,000 people is always going to be larger when considering just adults

as of 2023 there is about ___ people in jails out of the total population

most people awaiting trial in jail are there because they ___

____ people behind bars is in jail

if someone is being "held for other agencies" this means...

black people spend ___ in average duration in jail than their white/hispanic counterparts

since around 2000, the highest rates of jail incarceration have been in ___ communities

why have jail incarceration rates been higher in rural communities since the 2000s

There is an incredibly rapid turnover rate in jails (___) compared to prisons, and the turnover rate is the quickest in the smallest facilities

the less time you are incarcerated oftentimes the less racial disparity you face

the cumulative risk of jail incarceration in NYC is declining rapidly for black/hispanic people because...

using randomly assigned bail judges has an effect on pretrial detention and leads to more ___

instead of randomly assigned judges, ___ is reccommended to decrease pretrial disparities

According to Dobbie, pretrial detention...

prisons and jails have very different conditions

jails have little to no programming (seeing a doctor, getting drug treatment, getting mental health treatment, getting an education)

prisons have a more settled social structure because people are there longer

"not only does the world seem strange, the world loses its distinctiveness" (66)

Walker adds details about how jailing is extremely confusing as inmates face extreme conditions (solitary)

as of 2024 there are ___ people in state prisons

_ _ _ of the 1.07 million people in state prisons are there for violent offenses (which problematizes the war on drugs argument)

as of 2024, there are ___ in federal prisons and jails

most imprisoned people are in ___ prisons rather than ___ prisons which causes many differences

there has been a ___% decrease in imprisonment from 2012 to 2022 (1.57 milion to 1.23 million)

the U.S. imprisonment rate is declining but still remarkably high compared to other countries

the black imprisonment rate has decreased the most in the last decade

the imprisonment rate for non-Hispanic Whites has been relatively stable in the last decade

cumulative (lifetime) disparities in black imprisonment have changed also... from 30% in 2004 to about ___% in 2016

there has been rising ___ inequality in incarceration

the ratio between no college education and some college education has dramatically ___

between 1999 and 2016 there has been over a ___% increase in imprisoned adults 55 and older (mainly because they got long sentences when they were younger)

between 1999 and 2016, there has been less than a ___% increase in adults under 55 years old

releasing older people (55 years and above) who were imprisoned during tough on crime and have served most of their sentences would dramatically decrease the imprisonment rate without increasing ___

cumulative risk of imprisonment is twice as high in ___ as in the northeast

the black incarceration's lowest rate (10.6) is ___ than the white incarceration's highest rate (3.5)

in a given year, the average time served for all crimes is ___ years (does not include those who are serving lifetime sentences or will die in prison)

violent crime average imprisonment rate is ___ years

median of time served in prison is ___ years

the distribution of duration in prison is skewed ___

only about ___% of people are held in private prisons

the Clemmer article lists two primary conditions of confinement:

Professor thinks risk of ___ is overblown in prison compared to society

according to Clemmer, secondary conditions of imprisonment include:

According to Clememer, the assimilation where prisoners became acclimated to prison being their day to day life compared to free society — becoming so acclimated that they are more comfortable doing day-to-day life in prison than in free society

you are a risk to the system in an undefined way, not directly driven by your behavior, and must be separated from the general population

solitary confinement used as a form of punishment

the system has decided that you can’t be out in the general population of imprisoned people because you would be at risk of harm

prisoners decide to be there because they feel they are a risk to themselves, used much less often in the U.S. (more in Danish context)

solitary confinement wings can really devolve from other wings because there is a limited number of people who actually visit them:

solitary confinement wings can really devolve from other wings because there is a limited number of people who actually visit them:

Nevada has the highest number of solitary confined prisoners

there is virtually no state that has nobody in solitary confinement at any given time

people are currently in solitary confinement for 22 hours or more a day

___% of people incarcerated are currently in solitary confinement

at any point in time there are more people in ___, whereas cumulatively there are more in ___

these factors increase a prisoners risk of being placed in solitary confinement

___% of people in prison have a chance of being in solitary over 9 months and ___ of people in jail have a risk of being in solitary over 9 months

___% of black men in Pennsylvania will have ever experienced solitary confinement by the time they're 32 years old

black men are as likely to spend one year in solitary as white men are likely to spend one day in solitary

12% white people vs 58% of black people experience solitary sentences of 180 days or more in New York

downstate NY has a 80:26 racial disparity whereas upstate NY has a ___ disparity

solitary confinement greatly effects your chances of getting ___

what is the most imprisoned age for females

there are way more ___ women incarcerated than any other race

for males ___ is the highest race incarcerated, but for females ___ in the highest race incarcerated

_ _ _ females are incarcerated much less frequently

judges are inclined to give women ___ sentences than men because they are mothers and are cornerstones in their communities

incarceration rates have ___ only for men, they’ve ___ for women

women's incarceration rates begin spiking in the late ___

Hispanic and ___ incarceration rates are very similar despite gender

_ _ _ women held in jails than in prisons

rural counties have ___ women incarcerated than in urban areas, but all counties have increased

_ _ _ is the highest race of women incarcerated

violent crimes are driven heavily by men (___%) whereas other tyoes of crime are driven by women

huge spike in women and men incarceration in drug arrests in ___

black and AIAN women are ___% likely to have an immediate family member incarcerated

there is not a lot of data on younger females (begins at age ___)

_ _ _ women are overrepresented in prisons and jails

_ _ _% women incarcerateed were sexually abused before arrest

In CA theres about ___ people working in corrections

wages for correctional officers are pretty much the same across states

for correctional officers, rates of pay tend to be lower in the ___

there is a ___ ratio of men to women who work as correctional officers

jail/prison staff are way more likely to be...

In NC theres about ___ vacancy rates for correctional officer positions

CO experience depression at ___% compared to the general U.S. rate of 7%

CO experience PTSD at ___% compared to the U.S. rate of 4%

COs experience suicide at ___% compared to the U.S. rate of 5%

_ _ _% of COs supervisors show little interest in subordinates

key factors of the CO reading that drive the health and well-being of COs

_ _ _% of COs say you can't every completely trust an inmate

Approximately what was the average imprisonment rate (per 100,000 people) in the U.S. between 1930 and 1970?

Which race is attributed to the greatest number of people who have ever committed a felony in the U.S.?

What is the age range of highest imprisonment in the U.S. in 2022?

A 4 year sentence for a felony crime would put someone in a...

The combined state and federal imprisonment rate (per 100,000 people) in the U.S. by the end of 2022 was...

What increased in the U.S. in the 90s?

People imprisoned for violent offenses spend an average of ___ years in prison.

About how many people were held in solitary confinement on any given day in 2019?

As of 2022, what percent of prisoners were held in private facilities?

What is the most common familial incarceration?

In 2005, about ___ of incarcerated people were arrested within their first year of release, and ___ were arrested within 10 years of their release.

What percent of people are eventually released from incarceration?