WorksheetsNCM 112: Immunologic Disorders — Post-Test 1
Total questions: 30
Worksheet time: 23mins
Which part of the body is primarily affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
Synovial membrane
Cartilage plates
Tendon sheath
Ligament capsule
The enzyme activity during phagocytosis in rheumatoid arthritis leads to which result?
Enhanced collagen production
Breakdown of collagen and pannus formation
Increased joint lubrication
Bone calcification
Which clinical feature distinguishes rheumatoid arthritis from osteoarthritis?
Pain relieved by movement
Morning stiffness and symmetrical joint swelling
Unilateral joint involvement
Absence of systemic symptoms
Which laboratory test supports a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis?
Positive rheumatoid factor
Low ESR
Negative C-reactive protein
Low uric acid level
What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient with severe joint pain due to rheumatoid arthritis?
Encourage complete bed rest
Teach active range of motion exercises
Apply cold compress continuously
Restrict mobility to reduce inflammation
The success of organ transplantation largely depends on the compatibility of which antigen system?
ABO blood group
Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)
Rh antigen
Major Histocompatibility Complex II
A patient undergoing kidney transplant asks why his brother is a better donor match. The nurse explains:
“Siblings have the highest probability of HLA match.”
“Genetic similarity has no effect on transplant success.”
“Organ size matters more than genetic match.”
“Same age is the best predictor of success.”
The earliest sign of transplant rejection is usually:
Pain over the graft site
Elevated body temperature
Decrease in urine output
Increased blood pressure
The primary goal of immunosuppressive therapy post-transplant is to:
Enhance antibody formation
Suppress the immune response against the graft
Increase white blood cell production
Prevent infection from donors
Which nursing action helps prevent infection in a transplant patient?
Limit oral fluid intake
Encourage daily group therapy
Withhold all immunosuppressants
Maintain strict aseptic technique
The primary pathologic process in multiple sclerosis involves:
Demyelination of nerve fibers in the CNS
Degeneration of peripheral nerves
Destruction of motor end plates
Infection of the spinal meninges
Which symptom is most characteristic of multiple sclerosis?
Sudden paralysis of both legs
Fatigue and visual disturbances
Swelling of the joints
Loss of skin pigmentation
Which diagnostic test confirms demyelinating plaques in multiple sclerosis?
MRI of the brain and spinal cord
Cerebral angiogram
CT scan of the skull
EEG
A client with multiple sclerosis reports urinary urgency and incontinence. What is the best nursing goal?
Limit fluid intake to prevent accidents
Insert an indwelling catheter
Encourage bed rest to conserve energy
Promote bladder training and regular emptying schedule
Baclofen is prescribed to a patient with multiple sclerosis primarily to:
Reduce spasticity
Enhance nerve regeneration
Control fatigue
Prevent seizures
Diabetes mellitus is primarily caused by:
Excess insulin production
Defects in insulin secretion or action
Low blood glucose levels
Decreased glucose absorption in intestines
Which of the following is a classic symptom of diabetes?
Hypotension
Bradycardia
Constipation
Polyuria
A nurse is educating a diabetic patient about insulin. Which statement shows understanding?
“Insulin increases glucose release from the liver.”
“Insulin helps lower my blood sugar by moving glucose into cells.”
“I will inject insulin only when I feel dizzy.”
“Oral insulin works better than injections.”
A patient with diabetes mellitus has a blood glucose level of 45 mg/dL and is conscious. The nurse should first:
Give 15 grams of a fast-acting carbohydrate orally
Administer IV dextrose immediately
Administer a dose of long-acting insulin
Call the healthcare provider without treatment
Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a patient with poorly controlled diabetes?
Impaired gas exchange
Risk for infection
Acute pain
Deficient fluid volume
An allergic response occurs because the immune system:
Fails to recognize foreign substances
Overreacts to harmless antigens
Is suppressed by medication
Destroys normal body cells
Which assessment finding supports a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis?
Fever and sore throat
Productive cough with green sputum
Dry mouth and constipation
Sneezing, nasal congestion, and watery eyes
Which test helps identify a specific allergen causing hypersensitivity?
Skin test
CBC
ESR
Urinalysis
A nurse provides teaching about desensitization therapy. Which statement by the patient shows understanding?
“It helps reduce my allergic reaction by gradually introducing the allergen.”
“It cures my allergy permanently.”
“It should be stopped as soon as symptoms disappear.”
“It is used to treat acute allergic attacks.”
Which medication is used to manage acute allergic symptoms?
Diuretics
Anticoagulants
Antacids
Antihistamines
A client with RA develops depression and fatigue. What nursing approach is best?
Focus only on physical therapy
Withhold medications until mood improves
Encourage expression of feelings and promote adequate rest
Avoid discussing emotional issues
A transplant recipient develops fever and tenderness at the graft site. The nurse should first:
Report possible rejection to the physician
Administer additional antibiotics
Encourage fluid intake
Provide emotional reassurance only
In MS, which nursing intervention helps prevent complications of immobility?
Encourage regular range of motion and repositioning
Restrict all movement to avoid fatigue
Apply warm compress to extremities
Encourage a high-protein diet only
A diabetic client is taught foot care. Which instruction is correct?
Trim toenails very short to prevent breaks
Soak feet in hot water daily
Inspect feet daily and avoid walking barefoot
Apply strong antiseptics for minor cuts
A client with severe allergy presents with shortness of breath and hypotension after exposure to peanuts. What should the nurse expect to administer immediately?
Epinephrine
Corticosteroids
Diphenhydramine
Oxygen alone
