Use a lower voltage for all types of transmission to save costs.

Select a voltage based on the type of equipment used only.

Choose a fixed voltage regardless of distance or load conditions.

Select a higher voltage for long-distance transmission to reduce losses and ensure efficiency.

The per unit system complicates calculations in power systems.

The per unit system is only used in electrical engineering education.

The per unit system is irrelevant for modern power system analysis.

The per unit system is significant in power systems as it standardizes values for easier analysis and comparison.

The advantages of using the per unit system include simplification of calculations, ease of comparison, reduction of complexity, and improved clarity in analyzing power systems.

Increased calculation time and effort

Limited applicability to small systems

Higher chances of errors in analysis

The main types of supply systems are push systems, pull systems, just-in-time (JIT) systems, and hybrid systems.

Local supply systems, global supply systems, seasonal systems, and permanent systems.

Centralized systems, decentralized systems, flexible systems, and rigid systems.

Direct supply systems, indirect supply systems, automated systems, and manual systems.

Parallel wire

Dual-phase

Single-phase, Three-phase, Open-wire, Coaxial, Twisted pair, Optical fiber

Fiber optic cable

The skin effect increases the voltage in transmission lines, improving efficiency.

The skin effect causes AC to flow near the surface of conductors, increasing resistance and losses in transmission lines.

The skin effect causes AC to flow uniformly, decreasing resistance in conductors.

The skin effect allows DC to flow evenly through conductors, reducing losses.

The Ferranti Effect causes the voltage at the sending end to drop below the receiving end due to resistance.

The Ferranti Effect is the phenomenon where the voltage at the receiving end of a long transmission line exceeds the voltage at the sending end, primarily due to the line's capacitance.

The Ferranti Effect is a method to increase power efficiency in short transmission lines by reducing capacitance.

The Ferranti Effect refers to the phenomenon where current flow is minimized in long transmission lines due to inductance.

Factors affecting corona discharge include electric field strength, conductor surface condition, atmospheric pressure, humidity, and temperature.

Conductor length, insulation type, load current, and frequency.

Surrounding vegetation, soil conductivity, wind speed, and altitude.

Electrical resistance, conductor weight, cable type, and distance from ground.

Using transformers to step down voltage at the receiving end.

Implementing series capacitors to counteract the capacitive effects of the line.

Reducing the load at the receiving end.

Increasing the length of the transmission line.

Temperature has no impact on the resistance of conductors.

Resistance decreases with an increase in temperature.

Resistance remains constant regardless of temperature changes.

Resistance increases with an increase in temperature, affecting power losses in transmission lines.

Only the distance from the power source.

Resistance of the conductors, load current, and line length.

Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity.

Only the type of insulation used in the lines.

Load variations only affect the insulation of the transmission lines.

Load variations have no impact on transmission line performance.

Load variations improve the efficiency of transmission lines.

Load variations can cause voltage fluctuations and affect stability in transmission lines.

Reactive power is used to increase the current flow in transmission lines.

Reactive power only affects the efficiency of transformers.

Reactive power is not important in transmission systems.

Reactive power helps maintain voltage levels and supports the transfer of active power.

Transmission line losses decrease with an increase in frequency.

Transmission line losses are independent of frequency.

Transmission line losses increase with frequency due to skin effect and dielectric losses.

Transmission line losses only depend on the length of the line.