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Econ Foundations: Economics for High School™ Glossary

Total questions: 34

Worksheet time: 17mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the term for 'The desire and ability to purchase a good or service'?

a)

Demand

b)

Supply

c)

Production

d)

Consumption

2.

What is the term for 'The study of how societies allocate scarce resources to satisfy unlimited wants'?

a)

Economics

b)

Biology

c)

Psychology

d)

Geography

3.

What is the term for 'Producing the maximum output with the given inputs'?

a)

Efficiency

b)

Productivity

c)

Profitability

d)

Optimization

4.

What is the term for 'Someone who starts or owns a business'?

a)

Entrepreneur

b)

Employee

c)

Manager

d)

Investor

5.

What is the term for 'The value of the next best alternative given up when making a choice'?

a)

Opportunity Cost

b)

Marginal Utility

c)

Sunk Cost

d)

Scarcity

6.

What is the term for 'A graph showing the maximum combinations of two goods or services that can be produced with available resources and technology'?

a)

Production Possibilities Curve (PPC)

b)

Demand Curve

c)

Supply Curve

d)

Indifference Curve

7.

What is the term for 'The limited availability of resources compared to unlimited wants and needs'?

a)

Scarcity

b)

Abundance

c)

Sufficiency

d)

Surplus

8.

What is the term for 'The amount of a specific good or service available in the market'?

a)

Supply

b)

Demand

c)

Price

d)

Revenue

9.

What is the term for 'The act of giving up one thing to gain another'?

a)

Trade-off

b)

Compromise

c)

Investment

d)

Barter

10.

What is the term for 'The desire and ability to purchase a good or service'?

a)

Demand

b)

Supply

c)

Production

d)

Consumption

11.

What is the term for 'The point where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied'?

a)

Equilibrium

b)

Surplus

c)

Shortage

d)

Price Ceiling

12.

What is the term for 'A place where buyers and sellers come together to exchange goods and services'?

a)

Market

b)

Factory

c)

Library

d)

School

13.

What is the term for 'The nature of competition within an industry'?

a)

Market Structure

b)

Market Share

c)

Product Differentiation

d)

Barriers to Entry

14.

What is the term for 'A market structure with only one seller'?

a)

Monopoly

b)

Oligopoly

c)

Perfect Competition

d)

Monopsony

15.

What is the term for 'A market structure with many firms selling differentiated products'?

a)

Monopolistic Competition

b)

Perfect Competition

c)

Oligopoly

d)

Monopoly

16.

What is the term for the natural rise and fall in GDP in an economy, which goes through four phases: expansion, peak, contraction, and trough?

a)

Business Cycle

b)

Inflation Rate

c)

Fiscal Policy

d)

Trade Deficit

17.

Which phase of the business cycle occurs when the economy moves from a peak to trough, and GDP is decreasing?

a)

Contraction Phase

b)

Expansion Phase

c)

Recovery Phase

d)

Peak Phase

18.

What is the policy used by the government and Central Bank to fight rapid inflation in the economy, discouraging individuals and businesses from spending?

a)

Contraction Policy

b)

Expansion Policy

c)

Neutral Policy

d)

Stimulation Policy

19.

What is a severe and prolonged downturn in economic activity, commonly defined as an extreme recession that lasts two or more years and is characterized by large decreases in GDP and high rates of unemployment?

a)

Depression

b)

Inflation

c)

Stagnation

d)

Expansion

20.

Which phase of the business cycle occurs when the economy is growing and GDP is increasing, moving from a trough to peak?

a)

Expansion Phase

b)

Contraction Phase

c)

Recession Phase

d)

Peak Phase

21.

What is the policy used by the government and Central Bank to stimulate growth in the economy, encouraging individuals and businesses to spend more?

a)

Expansionary Policy

b)

Contractionary Policy

c)

Monetary Tightening

d)

Fiscal Austerity

22.

What is the economic policy that refers to the use of government spending and tax policies to influence the economy?

a)

Fiscal Policy

b)

Monetary Policy

c)

Trade Policy

d)

Industrial Policy

23.

What is the term for the total value of all the finished goods and services in a country over a certain period of time, including goods and services bought by individuals, companies, and governments?

a)

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

b)

Net National Product (NNP)

c)

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

d)

Balance of Payments (BOP)

24.

What is characterized by rising GDP, steadily increasing GDP, and an expected decline in the unemployment rate?

a)

Growing Economy

b)

Recession

c)

Stagnant Economy

d)

Depression

25.

What is an increase in the prices of goods and services across many markets in the economy called?

a)

Inflation

b)

Deflation

c)

Stagnation

d)

Depreciation

26.

What is the highest point in the business cycle, occurring at the end of the expansion phase and at the start of the contraction phase?

a)

Peak Phase

b)

Trough Phase

c)

Recovery Phase

d)

Recession Phase

27.

What is the lowest point in the business cycle, occurring at the end of the contraction phase and at the start of the expansion phase?

a)

Trough Phase

b)

Peak Phase

c)

Recovery Phase

d)

Boom Phase

28.

What is the percentage of people who currently don’t have jobs but are looking for work called?

a)

Unemployment Rate

b)

Employment Rate

c)

Labor Force Participation Rate

d)

Inflation Rate

29.

Which market structure is characterized by a few large firms dominating the industry?

a)

Oligopoly

b)

Perfect Competition

c)

Monopoly

d)

Monopolistic Competition

30.

Which term describes the total amount of money earned by a business from selling goods or services before any expenses are deducted?

a)

Investment

b)

Profit

c)

Cost

d)

Revenue

31.

What is the term for 'A sustained increase in the general level of prices for goods and services in an economy over a period of time'?

a)

Inflation

b)

Deflation

c)

Stagnation

d)

Depreciation

32.

What is the term for 'A sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time'?

a)

Inflation

b)

Deflation

c)

Stagnation

d)

Depreciation

33.

Which market structure is characterized by a few large firms dominating the industry?

a)

Monopolistic Competition

b)

Perfect Competition

c)

Monopoly

d)

Oligopoly

34.

What is the term for 'The total value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period'?

a)

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

b)

Net National Product (NNP)

c)

Gross National Product (GNP)

d)

Disposable Income