WorksheetsChromatography
Total questions: 77
Worksheet time: 39mins
Who invented and described chromatography in 1903?
Tswett
Mendeleev
Rutherford
Curie
In chromatography, what is the stationary phase used by Tswett to separate plant pigments?
CaCO3
SiO2
Al2O3
NaCl
In chromatography, what is the mobile phase used to wash the extract through the column?
organic solvent
water
buffer solution
inert gas
What is the term for the system of colored bands produced in chromatography?
chromatogram
spectrum
electropherogram
colorimeter
Refer to the diagram showing the separation of plant pigments. Which pigment is found at the bottom of the column?
chlorophyll a
chlorophyll b
carotene
xanthophyll α
Chromatography is a method for separating the components of a mixture due to differences in the ________ of sample components between 2 different phases.
distribution coefficient
melting point
boiling point
density
The components of a mixture are separated based on the ______ at which they are carried through a stationary phase by a gaseous or liquid mobile phase.
rates
colors
weights
shapes
Sample components that partition strongly into stationary phase spend a greater amount of time in the stationary phase and are separated from components that stay predominantly in the mobile phase and pass through the column faster.
True
False
In general, Chromatography is used by scientists to do which of the following?
Separate mixtures into components
Combine substances
Heat substances
Freeze substances
Which of the following is NOT a use of chromatography?
Analyze
Identify
Purify
Magnetize
Quantify
Fill in the blank: Chromatography is used by scientists to _______ the components of a mixture.
separate
combine
heat
destroy
Which of the following is a use of chromatography?
Analyze
Paint
Melt
Freeze
Which of the following is a use of chromatography?
Quantify
Burn
Cool
Mix
Chromatography is used in a ____________ to determine the amount of each chemical found in a new product.
Pharmaceutical Company
Construction Company
Automobile Company
Textile Company
Chromatography is used in a ____________ to detect blood or alcohol levels in a patient's bloodstream.
Hospital
School
Library
Restaurant
Chromatography is used in ____________ to compare a sample found at a crime scene to samples from suspects.
Law Enforcement
Medicine
Agriculture
Education
Fill in the blank: Chromatography is used by an ____________ to determine the level of pollutants in the water supply.
Environmental Agency
Travel Agency
Sports Club
Art Gallery
Chromatography is used in a ____________ to purify a chemical needed to make a product.
Manufacturing Plant
Library
School
Hospital
Some real-life uses of chromatography: Which of the following is NOT a real-life use of chromatography?
Bakery
Pharmaceutical Company
Hospital
Environmental Agency
Law Enforcement
Fill in the blank: Chromatography can be classified into three types depending on the nature of the mobile phase: Liquid chromatography, Gas chromatography, and ________ chromatography.
Supercritical fluids chromatography
Paper chromatography
Thin layer chromatography
Ion exchange chromatography
Which of the following is NOT a type of chromatography based on the nature of the mobile phase?
Liquid chromatography
Gas chromatography
Supercritical fluids chromatography
Paper chromatography
Fill in the blank: By looking at the mechanism of solute interaction with stationary and mobile phases, one type of chromatography is ________ chromatography.
Adsorption chromatography
Partition chromatography
Ion-exchange chromatography
Affinity chromatography
Fill in the blank: By looking at the mechanism of solute interaction with stationary and mobile phases, one type of chromatography is ________ chromatography.
Partition chromatography
Adsorption chromatography
Ion-exchange chromatography
Affinity chromatography
Fill in the blank: By looking at the mechanism of solute interaction with stationary and mobile phases, one type of chromatography is ________ chromatography.
Ion-exchange chromatography
Paper chromatography
Affinity chromatography
Gas chromatography
Fill in the blank: By looking at the mechanism of solute interaction with stationary and mobile phases, one type of chromatography is ________ chromatography.
Molecular exclusion chromatography
Paper chromatography
Ion exchange chromatography
Affinity chromatography
Fill in the blank: By looking at the mechanism of solute interaction with stationary and mobile phases, one type of chromatography is ________ chromatography.
Affinity chromatography
Paper chromatography
Ion-exchange chromatography
Gas chromatography
Which of the following is NOT a type of chromatography based on the mechanism of solute interaction?
Adsorption chromatography
Partition chromatography
Ion-exchange chromatography
Thin-layer chromatography
What is adsorption chromatography?
Adsorption chromatography is a technique in which solute molecules are adsorbed on the surface of a stationary phase.
Adsorption chromatography is a technique in which solute molecules are dissolved in the mobile phase only.
Adsorption chromatography is a technique in which solute molecules are separated by their boiling points.
Adsorption chromatography is a technique in which solute molecules are filtered through a membrane.
In adsorption chromatography, where are the solute molecules adsorbed?
On the surface of stationary phase
In the mobile phase
In the solvent
On the surface of mobile phase
What is partition chromatography?
A) A technique where solute is dissolved in a liquid phase coated on the surface of a solid support
B) A technique where solute is separated by size exclusion
C) A technique where solute is separated by ion exchange
D) A technique where solute is separated by affinity
Fill in the blank: In partition chromatography, the solute is dissolved in the ______ phase coated on the surface of solid support.
liquid
gaseous
solid
aqueous
Refer to the diagram of partition chromatography. What is coated on the surface of the solid support?
Gas phase
Liquid phase
Solid phase
Plasma phase
What type of resin can be used for separation of positive or negatively charged proteins?
Only positively charged resin
Only negatively charged resin
Both positively and negatively charged resin
Neutral resin
What is the first step after preparing the resin in the column?
Wash with buffer
Add sample of proteins
Elute with salt
Remove non-specifically bound protein
Ion Exchange Chromatography: Washed with buffer to remove ________ protein.
non specifically bound
specifically bound
denatured
tagged
Ion Exchange Chromatography: Which step involves eluting proteins from the column?
A) Adding sample
B) Washing with buffer
C) Eluting with increasing concentration of salt
D) Preparing resin
Ion Exchange Chromatography: Proteins with highest net charge come off _______.
last
first
in the middle
randomly
What is applied to a column filled with porous beads in the process of molecular exclusion chromatography?
A mixture of proteins
A mixture of carbohydrates
A mixture of lipids
A mixture of nucleic acids
Molecular exclusion chromatography: Why do large proteins emerge sooner than small ones in molecular exclusion chromatography?
Large proteins move faster
Large proteins cannot enter the beads
Small proteins are heavier
Small proteins are detected first
Molecular exclusion chromatography: A detector is used to detect protein fragments.
True
False
In molecular exclusion chromatography, fragments are collected _______.
separately
together
randomly
in pairs
Molecular exclusion chromatography: Which type of protein is detected first by the detector in molecular exclusion chromatography?
Large proteins
Small proteins
Medium-sized proteins
Denatured proteins
In affinity chromatography, X is covalently attached to beads that are packed in a _______.
column
flask
dish
tube
Which of the following is the correct order of steps in affinity chromatography?
A) Add sample of proteins, wash with buffer, elute with soluble X, attach X to beads
B) Attach X to beads, add sample of proteins, wash with buffer, elute with soluble X
C) Wash with buffer, attach X to beads, add sample of proteins, elute with soluble X
D) Attach X to beads, elute with soluble X, add sample of proteins, wash with buffer
To separate proteins that recognize a chemical group X. Fill in the blank: After adding the sample of proteins, the column is washed with _______ to remove non-specifically bound protein.
buffer
water
ethanol
acetone
In affinity chromatography, proteins that do not recognize group X are eluted first from the column.
True
False
Fill in the blank: Proteins that specifically bind to group X are eluted with a high concentration of _______ X.
soluble
insoluble
dilute
buffered
Depending on the physical means by which the two phases come in to contact: Fill in the blank: ________ (PC) is a type of planar chromatography.
Paper chromatography
Column chromatography
Thin layer chromatography
Gas chromatography
Depending on the physical means by which the two phases come in to contact: Which of the following is a type of planar chromatography?
Thin layer chromatography (TLC)
Column chromatography
Gas chromatography
Ion exchange chromatography
What is Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)?
A method of separation or identification of a mixture of components into individual components by using finely divided adsorbent solid spread over a plate and liquid as a mobile phase.
A technique used to measure the pH of a solution using indicator paper.
A process of determining the boiling point of a liquid by heating it gradually.
A method of synthesizing organic compounds by mixing reactants in a test tube.
What is the purpose of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)?
To combine chemicals
To separate or identify a mixture of components
To measure temperature
To create a solid plate
In the diagram of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), what is the name of the solid surface where the sample is spotted?
TLC chamber
TLC plate
Mobile phase
Spotting line
In the diagram of Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), what is the liquid that acts as the mobile phase called?
Mobile phase
Stationary phase
Solute
Adsorbent
What is the stationary phase in thin-layer chromatography (TLC)?
Solvent mixture
Silica gel or aluminium oxide
Glass sheet
Capillary action
In thin-layer chromatography, the solvent or solvent mixture that moves up the plate is known as the ________ phase.
mobile
stationary
aqueous
solid
Why do different analytes ascend the TLC plate at different rates?
Because of the thickness of the plate
Because of the stationary phase
Because of differences in their interactions with the stationary and mobile phases
Because of the temperature
What is the principle on which adsorption chromatography is based?
Adsorption chromatography is based on the principle of adsorption.
Adsorption chromatography is based on the principle of osmosis.
Adsorption chromatography is based on the principle of diffusion.
Adsorption chromatography is based on the principle of precipitation.
In adsorption chromatography, components with more affinity towards stationary phase travel ?
slower
faster
How are individual components visualized after separation in adsorption chromatography?
Individual components are visualized as spots at a respective level of travel on the plate.
Individual components are visualized as bands at the bottom of the plate.
Individual components are visualized as a single spot at the origin.
Individual components are visualized as a uniform color across the plate.
What is the stationary phase applied on in TLC plates? Fill in the blank: The stationary phase is applied on its whole ______ layer.
surface
bottom
top
side
Which of the following is used for the development of TLC plate and maintains a uniform environment inside for proper development of spots?
TLC plates
TLC chamber
Mobile phase
Stationary phase
What should the mobile phase used in TLC be? Fill in the blank: The mobile phase used should be ______-free and of the highest purity for proper development of TLC spots.
particulate
acid
water
salt
What is the formula for calculating the retention factor (Rf) in chromatography?
distance traveled by the solute / distance traveled by the solvent front
distance traveled by the solvent front / distance traveled by the solute
distance traveled by the solute + distance traveled by the solvent front
distance traveled by the solute - distance traveled by the solvent front
If the value of Rf is zero, what does it indicate about the solute?
The solute travels with the solvent front
The solute remains in the stationary phase and is immobile
The solute is partially mobile
The solute is not present
If the value of Rf is 1, what does it indicate about the solute?
The solute has no affinity for the stationary phase and travels with the solvent front
The solute remains in the stationary phase
The solute is partially mobile
The solute is not present
Different components of a mixture rise to different heights on the chromatography paper because:
they have different solubilities in the solvent.
they are all the same size.
they react with the paper.
they evaporate at different rates.
For example, if a compound travels 9.9 cm and the solvent front travels 12.7 cm, then the Rf value is: (Rf = distance traveled by compound / distance traveled by solvent front)
0.78
0.65
0.89
0.55
A student sets up a paper chromatogram and places a spot of green food dye on the origin. After six minutes the solvent has moved 12 cm and a blue spot has advanced 9 cm. After fourteen minutes the solvent has advanced a further 8 cm. How many cm from the origin is the blue spot likely to be? Fill in the blank: The blue spot has moved ____ cm after fourteen minutes.
15 cm
17 cm
12 cm
20 cm
Based on the nature of mobile phase used, column chromatography could be sub-categorized into three types. Which of the following is NOT a sub-category of column chromatography?
Gas chromatography
Liquid chromatography
Supercritical fluid chromatography
Paper chromatography
Column chromatography is a chromatographic method in which the stationary phase is held within or on the surface of a narrow tube through which the mobile phase moves under the influence of ______ or pressure.
gravity
heat
light
electricity
The stationary phase in column chromatography is either a solid or a thin, ______ coating on a solid particulate packing material or the column’s walls.
liquid film
gas layer
plastic sheet
metallic paint
Which of the following is a sub-category of column chromatography based on the nature of mobile phase used?
Gas chromatography
Liquid chromatography
Supercritical fluid chromatography
All of the above
A typical column chromatography experiment involves several steps: ✓ The sample is introduced at the top of the column. ✓ As the sample moves down, it begins to separate, and the individual solute bands begin to develop a Gaussian profile. ✓ If the strength of each solute’s interaction with the stationary phase is sufficiently different, then the solutes separate into individual bands. ✓ The partitioning of solutes between mobile and stationary phases gives rise to separation. Which of the following statements is TRUE about column chromatography?
The sample is introduced at the bottom of the column.
Solute bands do not separate during the process.
The partitioning of solutes between mobile and stationary phases gives rise to separation.
The stationary phase is always a gas.
The process of passing liquid or gas through a chromatography column is called _______.
elution
diffusion
precipitation
filtration
Fill in the blank: The partition coefficient (K) is the ratio of the concentration of solute in the _______ phase to the concentration of solute in the _______ phase.
stationary; mobile
mobile; stationary
aqueous; organic
organic; aqueous
Refer to the diagram showing the progress of a column chromatographic separation of two solute bands (A and B): Which solute band emerges first from the column?
A) A
B) B
C) Both at the same time
D) Neither
After the solvent flows out, solute band ___ emerges from the column last.
A
B
C
D
