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WorksheetsAPC Midterm Lab
Total questions: 73
Worksheet time: 44mins
What temperature do most solids and semisolids used in compounding formulations melt by
75 degrees C
80 degrees C
70 degrees C
85 degrees C
What type of hot plate is used in a pharmacy
standard hot plate (125-150 degrees C)
low temperature hot plate (25-120 degrees C)
digital super giant hot plate (40-300 degrees C)
laboratory digital hotplate (up to 370 degrees C)
If a low temperature hot plate is not available, what are good alternatives for melting ingredients to make ointments or suppository bases
water bath
steam bath
microwaves
stove top
Why are microwave ovens not preferred when heating up ingredients for pharmaceutical mixing
they produce "hot spots"
they heat up the ingredients too quickly
they are hard to control
they cause ingredients to explode
What are weighing papers made of
non-absorbable glassine paper
polystyrene
What are weighing boats made of
non-absorbable glassine paper
polystyrene
What types of mortar and pestles are there for pharmaceutical use
glass
wedgewood
porcelain
molcajete
Which type of mortar and pestle is coarse and used to grind crystals and large particles into fine powders
glass
wedgewood
porcelain
Which type of mortar and pestle is coarse and used to grind hard powder particles
glass
wedgewood
porcelain
Which type of mortar and pestle is coarse and used to pulverize soft aggregates or crystals
glass
wedgewood
porcelain
Due to its porous nature, what should NOT be used with wedgewood or porcelain mortar and pestles
ingredients that stain
ingredients that are present in small quantities
highly potent drugs
fine powders
soft aggregates
What are glass mortar and pestles preferably used to mix in a pharmacy setting
liquids
semisolid dosage forms
emulsions
soft aggregates
fine powders
Why is it not preferred to make emulsions in a glass mortar and pestle
it is difficult to generate adequate shear
it is harder to mix in glass
you're unable to walk away from the emulsion
it is unable to handle potent drugs
What are pill tiles or ointment slabs made of
porcelain
ground glass
wedgewood
polystyrene
glassine
What shape are pill tiles or ointment slabs
square
rectangle
circle
heart
What are some characteristics of pill tiles or ointment slabs
non-absorbing surface
absorbing surface
rough surface
graduated markings
smooth surface
What are pill tiles and ointment slabs used for
ointment
creams
hand punch capsules
reducing powder particle size by comminution
measure lengths of hand rolled materials used for suppositories or lozenges
Precision volumetric glassware is used
to measure and/or deliver exact volumetric quantities of liquid substances
to measure and/or deliver any volumetric quantities of liquid substances
"to delivery" (TD)
"to contain" (TC)
Types of TD glassware
calibrated pipettes
burettes
syringes
droppers
volumetric flasks
What are TC glassware
volumetric flasks
cylindrical graduates
conical graduates
burettes
In practice, graduates are used as
TD vessels for volumes of 1 mL or more
TC vessels for volumes of 1 mL or more
TD vessels for volumes of 0.1 mL or more
TC vessels for volumes of 0.1 mL or more
What types of glassware are NOT volumetric but are simply containers for storing and mixing liquids
erlenmeyer flasks
beakers
prescription bottles
calibrated pipettes
Micropipettes are used for
dispensing liquids in smaller volumes
dispensing liquids in larger volumes
What are some characteristics of pipettes
they displace a cushion of air between the plunger and the liquid in the tip
the liquids must have physical properties similar to water
any liquid can be used in a pipette
Hypodermic syringes are used to deliver
a wide range of liquid volumes with a high degree of accuracy
a small range of liquid volumes with a high degree of accuracy
a wide range of liquid volumes with a low degree of accuracy
a small range of liquid volumes with a low degree of accuracy
Oral syringes can be used as an accurate way to give nonstandard doses of medication to patients (especially the children and elderly)
True
False
Are graduates more or less precise than a pipette
More
Less
Which graduate is the more accurate and preferred device in pharmaceutical compounding
conical graduates
cylindrical graduates
If you are measuring out 50 mL of liquid, which size graduate should you use
50 mL graduate
100 mL graudate
150 mL graduate
Are liquid measurements more accurate at the top or the bottom of a graduate
top
bottom
When pouring liquid into a graduate, where should the liquid be poured
down the side
in the center
Where should the final volume of a liquid be read
for a clear liquid, the bottom of the meniscus
for a colored or opaque liquid, the top of the meniscus
for a clear liquid, the top of the meniscus
for a colored or opaque liquid, the bottom of the meniscus
Should you use a graduate to dissolve solids in liquids
Yes
No
In order to maximize accuracy of dosing from a compounded solution in a medicine dropper, the pharmacist must calibrate the dropper
with the intended solution at the time of delivery
with the intended solution when the prescription is received
with the unmixed solution at the time of delivery
with the unmixed solution when the prescription is received
Are "teaspoons" an accurate way to administer medicine
Yes
No
What is the official compendia tolerance of pharmaceutical percentage of error
±5%
±10%
±2%
±7%
What is the closeness of agreement between a measured value and a true or accepted value
Accuracy
Precision
What is the measure of how well a result can be determined (without reference to a theoretical or true value)
Accuracy
Precision
Relative error
What is this and what is it quantitatively describing
Relative Error
Accuracy
Precision
Actual Value
What equation is this
least weighable quantity
least weighed quantity
less weighable quantity
less weighed quantity
What is the most accurate and precise measuring instrument found in a laboratory
analytical balance
digital balance
prescription balance
For analytical balances, you must
always use weight boats
always arrest/lock pans into place before adding/taking away weight
always clean balance
always close lid and arrest pans before storing
You must always handle balance weights with
forceps
fingers
Can torsion balances weigh a unit of grain?
Yes
No
How much is 1 grain
0.065 g
1 g
1 mg
65 mcg
What does the "S" in SOAP Notes stand for
Subjective
Submissive
Substitute
Speech
What does the "O" in SOAP Notes stand for
Objective
Opportunity
Opposite
Odor
What is "A" in SOAP Notes
Assessment
Adjective
Advice
Access
What is "P" in SOAP Notes
Plan
Prepare
Preface
Purity
What is the subjective section of SOAP notes
chief complaint, info from patient, allergies, medications
lab values, imaging, vitals
problem, differential diagnosis
smart goals, medication rx, follow up
What is the objective section of SOAP notes
chief complaint, info from patient, allergies, medications
lab values, imaging, vitals
problem, differential diagnosis
smart goals, medication rx, follow up
What is the assessment section of SOAP notes
chief complaint, info from patient, allergies, medications
lab values, imaging, vitals
problem, differential diagnosis
smart goals, medication rx, follow up
What is the plan section of SOAP notes
chief complaint, info from patient, allergies, medications
lab values, imaging, vitals
problem, differential diagnosis
smart goals, medication rx, follow up
What are characteristics of primary studies
clinical research studies and reports
not peer-reviewed
ability to personally assess validity and applicability of a study
misleading conclusions
compendias hold information to provide and quick and easy find
What are characteristics of tertiary resources
information is filtered and summarized by an author or editor
provides general information, summarized, may be out of date
different databases will have different info
includes textbooks, review articles, Lexicomp
includes PubMed, Google Scholar
What are some characteristics of secondary resources
searchable in databases
abstracting information provided by a cited resource
includes PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase
more of a professional opinion
Physical-chemical properties play a large role in compounding pharmacy in
tablets
capsules
powders
solutions
Almost all therapeutic agents & excipients exist in powder form
True
False
Physical-chemical properties do not influence the quality of the products that you dispense in a pharmacy
True
False
Micromeritics is the study of
small particles
large particles
insoluble particles
irregular particles
What type of powder particles are showen
round
small
irregular
fine
The ___ and ___ of a particle will affect the flow of the powder or powder mixture which is reflected in the finished quality of the dosage form
size
shape
color
Sieves are available in various sizes called mesh. If you have sieve size #20, what is the mesh
20
300
25
50
What are some characteristics of sieves
the sieve # represents the # of square openings/apertures per sq in area of the screen
the smaller the sieve size/mesh #, the larger the particle
topical creams and ophthalmic solutions need to pass through sieve ≥ #800
the larger the sieve size/mesh #, the larger the particle
Why is particle size important? It influences:
bulk density, porosity
surface area, specific surface (surface area/unit weight)
bulk volume, angle of repose
adsorption, equilibrium solubility
The smaller the particle size
< the bulk density
> porosity, > angle of repose
> surface area/specific area
> bulk volume
< bulk volume
What is true density
an intrinsic property of a powder, represents max amount (g) of powder that 1 cc space can hold
> the g of powder that 1 cc can hold, the heavier the powder
each powder has a true density and it is constant for that powder
< the g of powder that 1 cc can hold, the heavier the powder
What does a pycnometer measure
true density of a powder
true density of a cream
What is bulk/apparent density
depends on the powder particle size
max amount of powder that 1 cc can hold
< particle size, < bulk density, > volume
> amount of powder, heavier the powder
= weight of powder / volume of powder
What is porosity
measure void space or space in the powder sample occupied by air
influenced by particle size
expressed as a fraction
can be determined using true and bulk density
Void = 1 - ρa/ρ
True density is constant and bulk/apparent density changes due to particle size
True
False
The driving force for diffusion is
thermal agitation
concentration gradient
moving against the concentration gradient
What is a contact angle powder property
measure the degree of hydrophobicity of a powder
attributed to the existence of interfacial tension b/w powder and liquid
> hydrophobic, > contact angle, > difficulty in dispersing the powder in liquid for mixing/dissolving and drug absorption
> hydrophobic, > contact angle, < difficulty in dispersing the powder in liquid for mixing/dissolving and drug absorption
