True or false: During Wallerian degeneration, the proximal axon dies and the myelin retracts.

Which of the following is NOT TRUE?

Which of the following is NOT TRUE in order for nerve re-growth to be successful?

True or false: the reticular formation is located in the cerebral cortex.

Which of the following IS NOT TRUE of the role of the reticular formation in consciousness?

Which of the following nerves are involved in swallowing?

Which of the following are inputs to cause vomiting?

True or false: The pontine reticulospinal tract (ventral funiculus, ipsilateral, excite extensors) and the medullary reticulospinal tract (lateral funiculus, ipsilateral, excite flexors) are how the reticular formation act on motor function.

Where are pre-ganglionic parasympathetic neurons located?

Which of the following causes pupillary dilation and smooth muscle constriction?

What type of receptors does norepinephrine from sympathetic post-ganglionic axons go to?

What type of receptors does acetylcholine from parasympathetic and sympathetic pre-ganglionic axons go to?

What type of receptors does acetylcholine from parasympathetic post-ganglionic axons go to?

True or false: Horner's Syndrome is characterized by an inability to dilate the pupil, inability to sweat on the affected side ptosis (prolapsed eyelid), enopthalmus (slight retraction of the eyeball), and vasodilation.

What nerve functions in inhibiting detrusor muscle contraction and constricting the internal urethral sphincter?

What nerve stimulates the contraction of the detrusor muscle?

What tract sends sensory signals to the pontine micturition center and cerebral cortex to report filling of the bladder?

What tract allows the cerebral cortex to inhibit the micturition center and voluntarily release the external urethral sphincter? (house-training!)

Phillip's pet miniature dachshund, Hannah, got stepped on by Phillip and caused a severe lesion in the thoracic region! Will her bladder leak or fill?

Where is the vestibular organ located?

________ detects the linear motion of the head.

What detects straight up and down motion of the head?

Deflection of the stereocilia away from the kinocilium will result in a(n) ________ in firing rate.

What fluid fills the osseous labyrinth?

What structure(s) utilize a statoconial membrane with statoconia to sense changes in head position?

If you tilt your head in the direction show, will the kinocilium and stereocilia be pushed clockwise or counterclockwise?

True or false: The gelatinous substance of the macula extends from the sensory epithelium to the membranous labyrinth (the roof of the macula).

Which duct(s) is/are found in a vertical plane?

Where do the vestibulospinal tracts run?

What reflex involves changing eye position in response to a change in head position and triggers physiologic nystagmus?

If your patient is falling to the right and its quick phase nystagmus is to the left and there are no signs of hypermetria, what side of the vestibular nuclei/nerve/organ is lesioned?

Which of the following is a motor system function?

Which cranial nerves are involved in the vestibulo-ocular reflex?

True or false: Lower motor neurons excite smooth muscles.

When you step on a Lego in the middle of the night, what reflexes are activated?

Identify what would be labeled in blue on the picture.

Are the Upper Motor Neurons and Lower Motor Neurons excitatory or inhibitory in function?

What tract begins in the primary motor cortex and terminates in the motor nuclei of the brainstem?

What tract from the primary motor cortex innervates interneurons?

Toxins from Clostridium tetani prevent the release of neurotransmitters from which type of neuron?

Which of the following descending motor tracts run within the lateral funiculus?

Posture is modulated by what structure?

An animal is experiencing paralysis with hyperreflexia, where is the lesion located?

T/F: Descending tracts have a net excitatory effect.

The organization of the cerebellar cortex, from outermost to innermost, goes as follows:

Choose the dorsally visible structures of the cerebellum.

Purkinje cells are ________, while cerebellar nuclei are ________.

Output from the cerebellum is excitatory, EXCEPT when the target is what?

T/F: goal directed movement, posture, and balance are modulated by the pontocerebellar, spinocerebellar, and vestibulocerebellar modules, respectively.

Cerebellar hypoplasia can be classified as what?

T/F: If the limbus of the fibrous tunic is damaged, then you are unable to do a corneal transplant.

Which are differences between the cornea and the sclera?

What is the purpose of the pigment within the choroid?

Which is true about the Tapetum Lucidum

T/F: The ciliary epithelium located on the ciliary processes of the ciliary body produce Vitreous humor.

As the ciliary muscle _______, the lens _______ in thickness.

T/F: The pupil is an empty space surrounded by the Iris, not a physical space.

Which label is on the Posterior chamber?

Which order best describes the flow of Aqueous humor?

Which label is located in the Posterior segment?

Which layer of the retina forms the optic nerve?

T/F: RPE65 is the main enzyme that converts 11-cis retinol into all-trans retinyl esters

T/F: Most photoreceptors are rods

The pretectal nucleus projects to what?

The rostral colliculus projects to the _______ descending tracts.

The Pupillary light reflex is what kind of a response?

Accommodation is described as what?

Which auditory ossicle is directly pressed against the tympanic membrane?

The middle and inner ear are separated by what structure?

T/F: The endolymph located in the scala vestibuli and scale tympani is high in K+.

The basilar membrane gets _______ as it approaches the apex, thus is able to detect _______ frequencies.

What is the second messenger that allows the sensory hair cells to release neurotransmitter onto the cochlear nerve?

T/F: All fibers of the cochlear nerve terminate in the cochlear nuclei.

What allows for localization of sound?

The Acoustic startle reflex utilizes what structures?

The Tensor tympani muscle and stapedius muscle are innervated by which cranial nerves, respectively