NEW
Font size
WorksheetsBIO 156 Final Exam review
Total questions: 75
Worksheet time: 38mins
Sodium (Na+) is an example of a(n) ___.
Isotope
Isomer
Compound
Ion
What 4 elements make up 96% of living things?
sodium, potassium, carbon, hydrogen
carbon, iron, iodine, calcium
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen
carbon, calcium, hydrogen, sodium
Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7 and an atomic mass number of 14. How many protons does an atom nitrogen have?
6
7
8
9
Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7 and an atomic mass number of 14. How many neutrons does an atom of nitrogen have?
6
7
8
9
Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7 and an atomic mass number of 14. How many stable covalent bonds can an atom of nitrogen form?
3
4
2
1
The molecule in the picture is a(n) ___.
fatty acid
amino acid
Nucleotide
Monosaccharide
The molecule in the picture contains which reactive groups?
amino group and carboxyl group
carboxyl group and hydroxyl group
hydroxyl group and amino group
Choose the correct option to complete the statement below.
Neutrons are _________subatomic particles that are located in the _______ of an atom.
negatively charged; nucleus
uncharged; nucleus
positively charged; orbitals
Amino acids being bonded together to form proteins is an example of ___________and __________ is the chemical reaction involved in the process.
anabolism; dehydration synthesis
catabolism; hydrolysis
Proteins being broken down into amino acids is an example of ____________ and ___________ is the chemical reaction involved in the process.
anabolism; dehydration synthesis
catabolism; hydrolysis
What is the primary mechanism that maintains homeostasis?
metabolism
positive feedback
negative feedback
sweating
In positive feedback, the effector ___ the original stimulus.
Enhances
Opposes
If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what will happen to the cell?
it will shrivel/shrink
it will swell and possibly burst
it will not be affected
In the reaction which compound is the substrate?
Glucose
maltose
maltase
water
In the reaction which compound is the product?
Glucose
maltose
maltase
water
In the reaction which compound is the enzyme?
Glucose
maltose
maltase
water
Coenzymes are needed for the ___ of enzymes.
allosteric activation
production
allosteric inhibition
competitive inhibition
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by ___.
breaking water producing heat
stabilizing the pH of the solution
lowering the activation energy
What term refers to when an enzyme loses its 3-dimensional shape and cannot function properly?
catalysis
synthesis
lysis
Denature
Based on the graph, which of the axes shows the dependent variable?
X- Axis
Y-Axis
Slope of the graph
Which of the following hypotheses could be supported by the data on the graph?
The amount of product produced by enzymes decreases over time.
Temperature increases the amount of product produced.
As the concentration of the enzyme increases, the rate of product production increases.
Enzymes do not affect the rate at which products are produced.
Which of the following statements is supported by the graph above?
Crickets have higher average metabolic rates than mice.
The metabolic rate of crickets decreases as temperature increases.
The metabolic rate of mice is greatest at 37°C.
The metabolic rates of mice and crickets respond differently to temperature.
The daughter cells produced by mitosis are ___.
neither diploid nor haploid
depending on the cell either diploid or haploid
Diploid
Haploid
The daughter cells produced by meiosis are ________.
neither diploid nor haploid
depending on the cell either diploid or haploid
Diploid
Haploid
How many times does DNA replication occur during meiosis?
four times
three times
once
Twice
How many times does DNA replication occur during mitosis?
four times
three times
once
Twice
The parent cells in meiosis are ________.
neither diploid nor haploid
depending on the cell either diploid or haploid
Diploid
Haploid
For every germ cell that goes through oogenesis, how many viable eggs are produced?
four
one
two
Three
For every germ cell that goes through spermatogenesis, how many viable sperms are produced?
four
one
two
Three
Which of the following does NOT occur during interphase?
Separation of sister chromatids
An increase in size
DNA replication
The production of proteins and enzymes
When cancer has spread beyond the location where it initially developed, it is considered ___.
Benign
Melanomic
Metastatic
Belligerent
Paired chromosomes, in which one chromosome comes from the mother and one chromosome comes from the father, are known as what?
Daughter chromatids
Sister chromatids
Homologous chromosomes
Daughter cells
Humans have how many pairs of chromosomes?
12
46
23
92
Homologous chromosomes are identical to each other.
True
False
Independent assortment and genetic recombination (crossing over) both increase genetic diversity during meiosis.
True
False
Which statement describes base pairing in DNA?
a pyrimidine always pairs with a purine
a pyrimidine always pairs with a pyrimidine
a purine always pairs with a purine
Which of the following best describes why Okazaki fragments exist?
because the DNA strands in a double helix are semi-conservative
because the DNA strands in a double helix are anti-parallel
because there are homologous chromosomes
because there are sister chromatids
Which enzyme adds DNA nucleotides to the newly forming DNA strand during DNA replication?
polymerase
helicase
primase
ligase
Which of the following components is NOT part of a nucleotide molecule?
nitrogenous base
sugar
amino acid
phosphate group
Which of the following best illustrates semi-conservative DNA replication?
A
B
C
Which enzyme separates the two strands of DNA during DNA replication/synthesis?
Exonuclease
Helicase
Ligase
Polymerase
Why is complementary base-pairing critical to DNA replication?
It ensures that each daughter cell in mitosis gets a complete set of DNA
It helps RNA synthesis occur
It helps the DNA polymerase know which direction to go
It prevents mutations from occurring
What happens during translation?
mRNA is made from DNA
A protein is made from mRNA
Cell division
DNA is replicated
What happens during transcription?
mRNA is made from DNA
A protein is made from mRNA
Cell division
DNA is replicated
Anticodons are associated with which molecule?
tRNA
DNA
mRNA
rRNA
Codons are associated with which molecule?
tRNA
DNA
mRNA
rRNA
Buffers help to maintain a relatively stable ___ in the body.
salinity
water content
pH
Temperature
Surface tension in water occurs due to ___.
cohesion
adhesion
covalent bonding
ionic bonding
Hydrophobic substances are ___, because they do NOT interact with the partial charges of the atoms in water molecules.
organic
polar
inorganic
nonpolar
63 A molecule that dissociates into ions when mixed with water is called a(n) ___.
salt
isomer
organic molecule
isotope
Which of the following describes all bacteria?
Acellular
Pathogenic
Prokaryotes
Parasites
Which of the following does NOT describe viruses?
Acellular
Pathogenic
Prokaryotes
Parasites
What is the primary difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?
Gram positive bacteria have thicker cell walls than gram negative bacteria
Gram positive bacteria have cell walls whereas gram negative bacteria do not have cell walls
Gram positive bacteria have a nucleus whereas gram negative bacteria do not have a nucleus
Gram positive bacteria have ribosomes whereas gram negative bacteria do not have ribosomes
Transduction in bacteria increases genetic diversity.
True
False
Conjugation in bacteria increases genetic diversity.
True
False
Which of the following statements best describes plasmids?
Supplemental, circular strands of DNA in viruses.
Supplemental, circular strands of DNA in bacteria.
a circular chromosome that contains the bacterial genome.
Strands of DNA or RNA located in viruses.
If a patient has a viral infection, the physician should prescribe antibiotics to treat it.
True
False
What do genes code for?
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
A woman who is a carrier for color blindness has a son with a man who is colorblind. What is the probability that their son will be colorblind?
25%
100%
50%
0%
A woman who is heterozygous for a trait has a child with a man who is homozygous recessive for the same trait. What is the likelihood that their child will have the dominant phenotype?
100%
25%
75%
50%
Which of the following is NOT true of linked genes?
They tend to be inherited together
They exist on the same chromosome
They are identical to each other
Given the DNA code of the gene below, how many amino acids will be in the polypeptide made during protein synthesis?
A T C G G C A T C G C C
6
4
12
3
The cell membrane of a muscle cell is more permeable than the cell membrane of a skin cell. How can their permeability be different?
muscle cells have more proteins in their cell membranes than skin cells
muscle cells have a different glycocalyx than skin cells
the orientation of the phospholipids is different in muscle cells compared to skin cells
skin cells muscle cells have more cholesterol in their cell
membranes than skin cells
Respiratory gases, like oxygen and carbon dioxide, are exchanged between the lungs, the blood, and cells. Which process allows these gases to move across cell membranes?
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
active transport
simple diffusion
As ingested material travels through the small intestine, nutrients are absorbed. What processes allow ions to cross cell membranes during absorption?
simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion
active transport and simple diffusion
active transport and facilitated diffusion
simple diffusion and osmosis
Which structure, associated with the cell membrane, would be most important to immune cells patrolling the body for foreign invaders?
Desmosomes
Phospholipid bilayer
Transport Proteins
Glycocalyx
Some immune cells engulf pathogens, like bacteria into a vesicle. The vesicle containing the pathogen then fuses with another vesicle containing enzymes that will kill the pathogen. What type of cellular transport is involved in this process?
facilitated diffusion
phagocytosis
secondary active transport
simple diffusion
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate during which process?
glycolysis
fermentation
oxidation of pyruvate
citric acid cycle
Which ion diffuses through ATP synthase during chemiosmosis?
oxygen (O)
sodium (Na+)
potassium (K+)
hydrogen (H+)
1. What type of energy is typically lost to the environment when energy is converted from one form to another?
heat energy
potential energy
light energy
chemical energy
Muscle fatigue in humans occurs when the muscles switch from aerobic respiration to anaerobic respiration to produce ATP. What would be produced in the muscles when they start producing ATP using anaerobic respiration?
lactic acid
oxygen
ethanol
carbon dioxide
Approximately how many total ATP are produced when glucose goes through all of the steps of aerobic respiration?
20-25
10-12
34-38
2-4
What is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain?
NAD+
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
FADH
Cardiac muscle cells require a steady supply of large amounts of ATP in order for the contractions that pump blood through the body to occur. Therefore, cardiac muscle cells must have a lot of which type of organelle?
rough endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
When we exhale, we remove carbon dioxide from our body. What cellular process produces carbon dioxide?
cellular respiration
hydrolysis
protein synthesis
DNA replication
