WorksheetsLecture Outline and Learning Objectives
Total questions: 16
Worksheet time: 8mins
Recall: Which endocrine gland is primarily responsible for secreting insulin in response to increased blood glucose, as regulated by a negative feedback loop?
Thyroid gland
Adrenal cortex
Pancreas
Anterior pituitary
Recall question: Which condition results from hypofunction of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), characterized by excessive urine output and dehydration?
Syndrome of Inappropriate Diuretic Hormone (SIADH)
Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
Cushing Syndrome
Hyperparathyroidism
Application question: A patient has low blood calcium with elevated phosphate and decreased bone resorption. Which endocrine hormone deficit best explains these findings?
Calcitonin deficiency
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) deficiency
Aldosterone deficiency
Insulin deficiency
Strategic reasoning: A patient presents with weight gain, heat intolerance, and tachycardia due to increased metabolism of glucose and fatty acids. Based on thyroid physiology, which intervention is most essential for hormone synthesis to be maintained?
Ensure adequate dietary iodine to support T3 and T4 production
Increase dietary calcium to enhance calcitonin release
Provide vitamin D supplementation to stimulate the adrenal cortex
Restrict carbohydrate intake to lower insulin demand
DoK 1—Recall: Which physiologic response occurs when blood glucose is elevated (hyperglycemia)?
Alpha cells secrete glucagon to raise blood glucose
Beta cells secrete insulin to move glucose into cells for energy
Cortisol secretion falls to reduce gluconeogenesis
Epinephrine release stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver
DoK 2—Skill/Concept: A patient presents with extreme thirst, frequent urination up to 15 L/day, dry mucous membranes, and increased serum osmolality. Which diagnostic finding most supports Diabetes Insipidus?
Urine specific gravity 1.025 with elevated urine osmolality
Dilute urine with low specific gravity and concentrated plasma
Elevated serum sodium with low urine sodium
Hyponatremia with low serum osmolality and high urine osmolality
A patient presents with an enlarged thyroid gland and a "full" sensation at the base of the neck. Which additional sign most strongly suggests airway obstruction from goiter?
Hoarseness that improves with rest
Stridor characterized by a whistling sound
Dry cough with clear sputum
Epistaxis after exertion
Which nursing action is a priority immediately after thyroidectomy to detect complications related to thyrotoxic crisis?
Observe for signs of fever, tachycardia, confusion
Encourage early ambulation to prevent deep vein thrombosis
Restrict fluid intake to reduce edema
Apply warm compresses to the neck incision to improve circulation
Which insulin type is ordered as a sliding scale and given prior to meals? (select all that apply)
Short-acting regular insulin
Intermediate-acting NPH
Long-acting insulin glargine
Rapid-acting insulin lispro
Which long-term complication category includes increased risk for hyperlipidemia and stroke?
Microvascular complications
Infectious complications
Macrovascular complications
Peripheral nerve complications
A patient with diabetes reports tingling in both feet and occasional foot ulcers that heal slowly. Which complication is most consistent with these findings?
Retinopathy
Neuropathy with foot complications
Nephropathy
Hypertension
Which is an example of a nerve-related complication of diabetes?
Gastroparesis causing delayed gastric emptying
Cataracts causing blurred vision
Proteinuria indicating renal damage
Atherosclerosis causing reduced perfusion
For a patient with suspected severe hyperglycemia, which monitoring is part of therapeutic measures?
Blood glucose and electrolytes
Pulmonary function and chest x-ray
Complete blood count only
Urinalysis for ketones only
Which educational focus helps patients avoid long-term complications of diabetes?
Maintaining controlled blood glucose and target HbA1c
Using insulin only during illness
Eliminating carbohydrates entirely
Avoiding foot care because infections are inevitable
Which scenario best illustrates effective coping and problem solving in diabetes self-management?
Skipping glucose checks to reduce stress
Planning meals and activity, checking BG, and taking medication as prescribed
Avoiding medication adjustments regardless of BG readings
Ignoring foot inspection to save time
Which therapeutic measure directly addresses fluid deficits in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state?
Initiating insulin pump therapy
Administering IV fluids as hydration is priority
Starting broad-spectrum antibiotics
Providing oxygen therapy
