1. The statement is correct because experiments by scientists like Pasteur showed that microorganisms come from pre-existing microorganisms, not spontaneously
   

1. The statement is correct because cell theory states that all cells arise from pre-existing cells (the principle of biogenesis). 

1. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), because it provides detailed images of surface textures.

1. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), because it provides high-resolution images of internal cell structures.

1. Light microscope, because it allows observation of living cells in natural color.

1. Dissecting microscope, because it allows low magnification and depth perception.

ribosomes

1. photosynthetic membrane (contains chlorophyll)

1. cytoplasm

DNA

1. DNA without a nucleus

ribosomes

1. plasma membrane.

1. cell wall

1. Diffusion increases ATP production.

1. Diffusion provides energy for transport.

Diffusion requires transport proteins.

1. Diffusion is too slow over long distances to supply all cells efficiently.

1. Hypertonic; the net movement of water is out of the cells, causing them to shrink and shrivel (crenation).

1. Isotonic; there is no net movement of water across the cell membrane, and the cells maintain their normal shape.

1. Hypertonic; the net movement of water is into the cells due to the high solute concentration outside the cell.

Hypotonic; the net movement of water is into the cells by osmosis, causing them to swell and potentially lyse.

1. Ions move randomly in both directions.

1. The cell wall blocks all materials.

1. The membrane allows oxygen to pass but not glucose.

1. Water and glucose move equally across the membrane.

1. releasing usable energy

1. absorbing sunlight

1. producing food molecules

1. storing genetic material

1. organisms 1, 2 and 3 because they are all single celled.

1. organisms 1 and 2 only, because both have a nucleus.

1. organisms 1, 2 and 3 because they all have ribosomes.

1. organisms 2 and 3 only, because both use flagella.

1. It can move around in its environment.

1. It can conduct photosynthesis.

1. It can produce male and female gametes.

1. It can survive for long periods by storing food.

1. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, baker’s yeast

1. Agricus arvensis, horse mushroom

1. Thiopedia rosea, purple sulfur bacterium

1. Rhizopus stonlonifer, bread mold fungus

1. facilitated diffusion

1. transcription

1. osmosis

1. active transport

1. Active transport, because the cell uses ATP to remove water.

1. Facilitated diffusion, because salt ions move into the cell through carrier proteins.

1. Endocytosis, because the cell engulfs salt from the environment.

1. Osmosis, because water moves out of the cell to where solute concentration is higher.

1. Matthias Schleiden

1. Robert Hooke

1. Theodor Schwann

1. Anton van Leeuwenhoek

1. Molecules continue to move in both directions, but overall concentration remains constant.

1. Water moves only into the cell.

1. Molecules stop moving once concentrations equalize.

1. Energy is required to maintain equal concentrations.

1. The cell without organelles performs more specialized functions.

1. The simpler cell evolved from the complex one.

1. Both cells evolved independently from viruses.

1. The cell with organelles evolved later and is more complex.

1. The molecule moves by active transport using a protein pump and ATP.

1. 
   

   The molecule moves by facilitated diffusion through a channel protein.

1. The molecule moves by simple diffusion through the lipid bilayer.

1. The molecule moves by osmosis through aquaporin

1. a single nucleus

1. a large vacuole

1. a semipermeable cell membrane

1. a functional mitochondrion

1. Assume the organism must be from another planet

1. Investigate the claim thoroughly, as it challenges a fundamental theory of biology

1. Reject the claim without investigation since it contradicts established theory

1. Accept the claim since scientific theories are frequently proven wrong

1. It is made of static phospholipid layers.

1. It allows all substances to pass freely.

1. The phospholipids and proteins move within the layer, maintaining flexibility.

1. It is made entirely of proteins that form a rigid surface.

1. enzyme activity

1. osmosis

1. active transport

1. transcription

1. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things

1. All living things are composed of one or more cells

1. Cells contain DNA that is passed to daughter cells

1. Cells come from pre-existing cells

1. chloroplast

1. lysosome

1. ribosome

1. centriole

1. a large vacuole

1. a functional mitochondria

1. a semipermeable membrane

1. a single nucleus

1. Objective lens --> specimen --> condenser--> eyepiece

1. eyepiece --> objective lens --> specimen --> Condenser

1. Specimen --> eyepiece --> condenser --> objective lens

1. Condenser --> specimen --> objective lens --> eyepiece

1. eyeglasses

1. magnifying glass

1. lens

1. compound light microscope

1. Observing that larger organisms contain more cells

1. Watching a cell divide into two daughter cells under a microscope

1. Measuring the size of different types of cells

1. Finding that all cells contain DNA

1. It was accepted immediately without any controversy or competing theories

1. It required advanced technology that was only developed in the 20th century

1. It evolved over time as multiple scientists made observations, developed hypotheses, and tested their ideas

1. It was developed by a single scientist who made all the key discoveries at once

1. it is heterotrophic

1. it has a nucleus

1. it is unicellular

1. it has cytoplasm

1. The cell wall produces energy.

1. The cell wall contains genetic material.

1. The cell cannot reproduce.

1. The cell wall provides protection but is not essential for basic metabolism.

1. The cell would accumulate waste and damaged organelles.

1. The cell would no longer generate energy from glucose.

1. The cell would lose its ability to regulate water movement.

1. The cell would no longer produce proteins.

1. increasing salt concentration causes water to move into onion cells by osmosis.

1. Higher salt concentrations cause more water to leave the cells, resulting in plasmolysis.

1. Onion cells actively pump salt out of the cell to maintain homeostasis.

Plasmolysis occurs because salt enters the cells, expanding the vacuole.

1. Glucose uptake in these muscle cells requires ATP, so inhibiting ATP production prevents uptake.

1. Glucose transport is passive in these cells because uptake continues equally in both samples.

1. The poison increased membrane permeability, causing Sample B to take up more glucose.

1. The poison increased membrane permeability, causing Sample B to take up more glucose.

1. It is clearly scientific because it uses technical terminology and experiments with people.

1. It is superficially scientific because it mimics scientific language but lacks testable evidence.

1. It is not scientific because all health-related claims are inherently unscientific.

1. It is clearly scientific because the testimonials provide observable evidence.

All living things are made of atoms

All living things are made of cells

Robert Hooke

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Matthias Schleiden

Theodor Schwann

Rudolf Virchow

Theodor Schwann

Robert Hooke

Matthias Schleiden

Protein synthesis

DNA replication

Energy production

Cell division

True

False

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondria

Lysosome

Controls what enters/exits the cell; Maintains homeostasis

Synthesizes proteins; Packages cellular products

Produces energy for the cell; Stores genetic material

Provides structural support; Facilitates cell division

Diffusion

Active transport

Osmosis

Filtration

Osmosis

Active transport

Diffusion

Facilitated diffusion

Facilitated Diffusion

Osmosis

Active Transport

Simple Diffusion

Active Transport

Facilitated Diffusion

Passive Transport

Osmosis

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

Light Microscope

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Electron Microscope (TEM)

Compound Microscope

Light Microscope

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Electron Microscope (TEM)

Compound Microscope

View cells & large organelles

Weigh chemicals

Measure temperature

Mix solutions

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Golgi apparatus and lysosomes

Nucleus and ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum and vacuoles

Observation is direct measurement or noticing phenomena, while inference is a logical conclusion drawn from observation.

Observation and inference are both guesses based on data.

Observation is a guess based on previous knowledge, while inference is a direct measurement.

Observation is a logical conclusion, while inference is direct measurement or noticing phenomena.

Electron Beam, ultra thin slices

Uses light & lenses

Multiple lenses

Electron beam scans surface

True

False

Digest cell waste & pathogens and become the recycle center of the cell

Holds organelles, site of chemical reactions

Phospholipid bilayer

Controls entry/exit of substances

Only in plant cells, bacteria, fungi