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WorksheetsElectrolytes, RAAS & Hemodynamics — Advanced Practice Quiz
Total questions: 30
Worksheet time: 15mins
A patient receiving IV furosemide is at greatest risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypermagnesemia
D. Hypercalcemia
The primary extracellular cation that regulates fluid balance is:
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
The hormone that directly increases sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys is:
A. Aldosterone
B. ADH
C. ANP
D. Cortisol
Activation of the RAAS causes which hemodynamic effect?
A. Vasoconstriction and increased blood volume
B. Vasodilation and diuresis
C. Decreased sodium retention
D. Reduced afterload
A hypertonic IV solution will cause cells to:
A. Shrink as water moves out
B. Swell as water moves in
C. Lyse immediately
D. Remain unchanged
A patient with serum potassium = 2.4 mEq/L is at risk for:
A. U-waves and dysrhythmias
B. Hyperreflexia and tetany
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Bradycardia only
Which insulin action affects potassium?
A. Shifts K+ into cells via Na+-K+ ATPase
B. Blocks renal excretion of K+
C. Promotes K+ release from muscle
D. Inhibits cellular uptake
Which ECG finding is typical of mild hyperkalemia?
A. Tall peaked T waves
B. U-waves
C. Flattened T waves
D. Prolonged PR interval
Which electrolyte imbalance produces tetany and positive Chvostek/Trousseau signs?
A. Hypomagnesemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypermagnesemia
Severe hypermagnesemia may cause:
A. Respiratory depression and bradycardia
B. Seizures and hyperreflexia
C. Muscle spasm
D. Tachycardia and hypertension
Calcium balance is primarily maintained by:
A. PTH, Vitamin D, and Calcitonin
B. ADH and Aldosterone
C. Insulin and Glucagon
D. Thyroxine and Cortisol
Which electrolyte is most abundant in bone?
A. Calcium
B. Sodium
C. Potassium
D. Magnesium
Hypocalcemia would most directly impair:
A. Blood clotting and muscle contraction
B. Glycogen breakdown
C. Nitrogen balance
D. Cholesterol synthesis
A client with renal failure develops magnesium = 3.8 mEq/L. Which assessment is priority?
A. Respiratory rate and depth
B. Urine output
C. Pupillary reaction
D. Skin turgor
Which condition is most associated with positive Trousseau sign?
A. Hypomagnesemia or hypocalcemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypernatremia
The major intracellular cation is:
Potassium
Sodium
Chloride
Bicarbonate
Which electrolyte abnormality depresses skeletal muscle and nerve conduction?
Hypermagnesemia
Hypokalemia
Hypocalcemia
Hypernatremia
A nurse expects Chvostek’s sign in which disorder?
Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia
Hypernatremia
Hyperkalemia
Which mechanism best explains why sodium and water balance are linked?
Water follows osmotic gradients created by sodium concentration
Sodium is secreted by ADH
Water diffuses independently of electrolytes
Potassium drives plasma osmolality
A patient with hyponatremia secondary to SIADH would exhibit:
Cellular swelling and confusion
Cellular dehydration
Polyuria and thirst
Hypertension only
Which component of the vascular wall provides elastic recoil during diastole?
Tunica media (smooth muscle and elastic fibers)
Tunica intima
Endothelium only
Basement membrane
Which vessel layer is most involved in atherosclerosis?
Tunica intima (endothelium)
Tunica media
Tunica externa
Vasa vasorum
A rise in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) will cause:
Increased afterload
Decreased preload
Reduced stroke volume
Increased venous return
Baroreceptors located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch respond to:
Changes in arterial pressure
Blood oxygen levels
Carbon dioxide tension
Plasma osmolality
A patient experiences orthostatic hypotension. The nurse recognizes this results from:
Failure of compensatory vasoconstriction upon standing
Excess aldosterone
Bradycardia
Decreased plasma proteins
Which vessel primarily controls arteriolar resistance and blood flow distribution?
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Veins
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is most affected by:
Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance
Stroke volume only
Heart rate alone
Venous capacitance
Aging causes arteries to become stiffer, which primarily:
Raises systolic pressure
Lowers pulse pressure
Reduces afterload
Prevents plaque formation
Which factor promotes venous return?
Skeletal muscle contraction
Arterial vasoconstriction only
Increased venous compliance
Valsalva maneuver
Which best describes Starling’s law of the capillaries?
Fluid movement depends on balance between hydrostatic and oncotic pressures
Blood flow is proportional to vessel radius4
Venous return equals cardiac output
Osmotic pressure is independent of protein concentration
