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WorksheetsLecture #3 Quiz Review
Total questions: 66
Worksheet time: 33mins
Expiration is normally a passive process resulting from the _____ of the thoracic cage.
compliance
elasticity
capacitance
distensibility
The hilum of the lung is on its...
mediastinal surface
cardiac notch
base
costal surface
The amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume is called _____.
reserve air
vital capacity
inspiratory reserve
expiratory reserve
Complete the following statement using the choices below. Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is…
greater than the pressure in the atmosphere
greater than the intra-alveolar pressure
less than the pressure in the atmosphere
equal to the pressure in the atmosphere
Suppose a person has a tidal volume of 650 mL, an inspiratory reserve volume of 3,400 mL, an anatomic dead space of 155 mL, and a respiratory rate of 14 breaths/min. What would be the value of his inspiratory capacity (IC)?
14 breaths per minute
4205 mL
4050 mL
2750 mL
Which of the following is most important in keeping food out of the trachea?
vocal folds
epiglottis
glottis
extrinsic muscles of the larynx
Which of the following determines lung compliance?
flexibility of the thoracic cage
airway opening
muscles of inspiration
alveolar surface tension
Which of the following does not influence hemoglobin saturation?
nitric oxide
temperature
carbon dioxide
BPG
Which of the following correctly traces the route of air flow in the respiratory tract?
pharynx ¦ trachea ¦ larynx ¦ bronchi ¦ bronchioles
larynx ¦ pharynx ¦ trachea ¦ bronchi ¦ bronchioles
larynx ¦ pharynx ¦ bronchi ¦ trachea ¦ bronchioles
pharynx ¦ larynx ¦ trachea ¦ bronchi ¦ bronchioles
Which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O2 and dispose of CO2?
external respiration
internal respiration
osmosis
pulmonary ventilation
Which of the following is not a stimulus for breathing?
rising blood pressure
arterial pH resulting from CO2 retention
arterial Po2 below 60 mm Hg
rising carbon dioxide levels
Which of the following does not influence the increase in ventilation that occurs as exercise is initiated?
psychic stimuli
decrease in lactic acid levels
simultaneous cortical motor activation of the skeletal muscles and respiratory center
proprioceptors
How is the bulk of carbon dioxide carried in blood?
as carbonic acid in the plasma
chemically combined with the amino acids of hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin in the red blood cells
chemically combined with the heme portion of hemoglobin
as the bicarbonate ion in the plasma after first entering the red blood cells
The lower respiratory tract begins at...
the primary bronchi
the trachea
the glottis
the choanae
Which of the following is not possible?
The amount of gas flowing in and out of the alveoli is directly proportional to the difference in pressure or pressure gradient between the external atmosphere and the alveoli
Gas flow equals pressure gradient over resistance
Pressure gradient equals gas flow over resistance
Resistance equals pressure gradient over gas flow
Most CO2 is transported in the blood...
as dissolved gas bubbles
as bicarbonate ions
bound to the ferrous ion of hemoglobin
bound to carbonic anhydrase
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by _____.
diffusion
osmosis
active transport
filtration
The nose serves all the following functions except _____.
as a passageway for air movement
as the initiator of the cough reflex
cleansing the air
warming and humidifying the air
With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) _____.
decrease in pH (acidosis) strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
increase in pH (alkalosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
increase in pH (alkalosis) strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
decrease in pH (acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond
According to Henry's law, the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid depends on all of these except...
the partial pressure of the gas
the solubility of the gas
the molecular weight of the gas
the temperature of the liquid
Which of the following is not true of the respiratory tract from the medium bronchi to the aveoli?
Proportionally, smooth muscle decreases uniformly.
Lining of the tubes changes from ciliated columnar to simple squamous epithelium in the alveoli.
Cartilage gradually decreases and disappears at the bronchioles.
Resistance to air flow increases due to the increase in cross-sectional diameter.
Intrapulmonary pressure is the _____.
pressure within the alveoli of the lungs
negative pressure in the intrapleural space
pressure within the pleural cavity
difference between atmospheric pressure and respiratory pressure
The loudness of a person's voice depends on the _____.
thickness of vestibular folds
strength of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles
force with which air rushes across the vocal folds
length of the vocal folds
Which of the following statements is true regarding the respiratory rate of a newborn?
The respiratory rate of a newborn is slow
The respiratory rate of a newborn is, at its highest rate, approximately 40-80 respirations per minute
The respiratory rate of a newborn is approximately 30 respirations per minute
The respiratory rate of a newborn varies between male and female infants
_____ protects the lungs from damage by over-inflation.
Pulmonary compliance
The baroreflex
The apneustic center
The inflation reflex
The walls of the alveoli are composed of two types of cells, type I and type II. The function of type II is to _____.
trap dust and other debris
protect the lungs from bacterial invasion
secrete surfactant
replace mucus in the alveoli
Which of the following is not a form of lung cancer?
adenocarcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
small cell carcinoma
Kaposi's sarcoma
Which center is located in the pons?
expiratory
inspiratory
pontine respirator group (PRG)
pacemaker neuron center
The largest of the following is...
the epiglottic cartilage
the corniculate cartilage
the arytenoid cartilage
the thyroid cartilage
In spirometric measurements, the difference between a volume and a capacity is...
a capacity is a measurement expected of an average healthy individual whereas a volume is the measurement actually obtained in a person with respiratory disease
a capacity is determined by adding two or more respiratory volumes
a volume is a measurement taken at rest whereas a capacity is a measurement taken during peak physical exertion
a capacity is a measurement taken at rest whereas a volume is a measurement taken during peak physical exertion
There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs _____.
immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx of a variety of nutrients
before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought
at the end of a large meal, and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the GI tract for a long period of time
when the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required
Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion.
Gastric secretion is enhanced by very low pH (below a pH of 2).
The presence of food in the stomach prevents hormonal control of gastric secretion.
Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth.
Vagus stimulation of the stomach results in decreased secretion of gastric juice.
only in the esophagus because this is the only part of the tract that needs to change to accommodate food passage
Brunner's glands
the vast array of digestive enzymes
the rugae
plicae circulares and intestinal villi
The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located _____.
in the pons and medulla
in the walls of the tract organs
in the adipose tissue that lines the organ lumen
only in the esophagus because this is the only part of the tract that needs to change to accommodate food passage
Surgical cutting of the lingual frenulum would occur in which part of the body?
nasal cavity
esophagus
tongue
salivary glands
Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth.
There are 24 primary teeth, and no new primary teeth appear after 13 months.
There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age most children have all 20.
There are 32 primary teeth, and most children lose these teeth due to decay because they are never very strong.
There are 27 primary teeth, and the molars are permanent.
If an incision has to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, the first layer of tissue to be cut is the _____.
submucosa
serosa
muscularis externa
mucosa
Peristaltic waves are _____.
waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another
pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract
segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract
churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract
Gastrin, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin are hormones or paracrines that are released directly into the lamina propria. Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products?
zymogenic cells
parietal cells
mucous neck cells
enteroendocrine cells
The dental formula for an adult is 2-1-2-3. What does the 1 stand for?
molar tooth
canine tooth
premolar tooth
incisor tooth
The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to _____.
collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage
distribute hormones
carry toxins to the venous system for disposal through the urinary tract
return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low
Parietal cells of the stomach produce _____.
mucin
hydrochloric acid
pepsinogen
rennin
The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur?
Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum.
Severe indigestion would occur, caused by the lack of sufficient digestive enzymes.
The acid secretions from the stomach would be sufficient to digest this food.
This type of food would cause secretion of gastrin to cease, causing digestive upset.
In addition to storage and mechanical breakdown of food, the stomach _____.
initiates protein digestion and denatures proteins
is the first site where chemical digestion of starch takes place
is the only place where fats are completely digested
is the first site where absorption takes place
The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells?
parietal cells and glial cells
cuboidal epithelium and ciliated columnar cells
serous cells and mucous cells
goblet cells and squamous epithelial cells
The lamina propria is composed of _____.
loose connective tissue
dense irregular connective tissue
dense regular connective tissue
reticular connective tissue
A baby is admitted to the hospital with a history of projectile vomiting after each feeding. On examination, it is found that the sphincter controlling food passage from the stomach to the duodenum is thickened and does not open readily. Because of the baby's loss of gastric juice, his blood probably indicates _____.
acidosis
alkalosis
ketosis
dysphagia
Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by _____.
the rubrospinal tracts
the reticulospinal and vestibulospinal tracts
the vagus nerve and enteric plexus
somatic neurons in the spinal cord
How are most nutrients absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villa?
active transport driven directly or indirectly by metabolic energy
simple diffusion
bulk flow
facilitated diffusion
From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.
muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa
submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa
When proteins undergo deamination, the waste substance found in the urine is mostly_____.
ketone bodies
ammonia
urea
acetyl CoA
The term metabolic rate reflects the _____.
loss of energy to perspiration
energy needed to make all organic molecules
energy the body needs to perform only its most essential activities
loss of organic molecules in urine
Select the correct statement about proteins.
Catabolic steroids (hormones) accelerate the rate of protein synthesis.
Proteins will be used by most cells for ATP synthesis if insufficient carbohydrates are ingested.
Proteins can be synthesized in the body if most of the amino acids are present.
Strict vegetarians need not worry about adequate protein intake, as most vegetables are almost perfect sources of amino acids.
Which of the choices below is not a mechanism of heat production?
vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels
shivering
enhanced thyroxine release
sweating
The process of breaking triglycerides down into glycerol and fatty acids is known as _____.
lipogenesis
lipolysis
fat utilization
gluconeogenesis
Which hormone directs essentially all the events of the absorptive state?
epinephrine
thyroid hormone
insulin
growth hormone
Which of the following is not true of beta oxidation?
It occurs in the mitochondrion.
Every second carbon is reduced.
Fatty acids are broken into acetic acid fragments.
It involves the anabolism of fats.
Gluconeogenesis is the process in which _____.
glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and water
glycogen is formed
glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate precursors
glycogen is broken down to release glucose
Conditions that promote the oxidative deamination and energy use of amino acids include _____.
excessive amounts of protein in the diet
adequate fat calories to provide adequate ATP formation
adequate essential amino acids
ammonia combining with oxygen to form urea
Which of the following is not a function of LDLs?
make cholesterol available to tissue cells for membrane or hormone synthesis
transport cholesterol from the peripheral tissues to the liver
regulate cholesterol synthesis in tissue cells
influence cholesterol synthesis in tissue cells
The molecule that serves as the major source of readily available fuel for neurons and blood cells is _____.
acetyl CoA
fat
glucose
cellulose
Catabolism would be best described as a process that _____.
breaks down complex structures to simpler ones
elevates glucagon levels
causes a decline in circulating ketone bodies
builds up triglycerides during the postabsorptive state
It is important to ensure that your diet is adequately rich in vitamins because _____.
most vitamins are coenzymes needed to help the body utilize essential nutrients
all vitamins are water soluble and pass out of the body too quickly to ensure utilization
vitamins provide protection against the common cold
very few foods contain vitamins
The primary function of cellular respiration is to _____.
provide the body with adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals
determine the amount of heat needed by the human body
break down food molecules and generate ATP
efficiently monitor the energy needs of the body
Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration?
oxidative phosphorylation
substrate-level phosphorylation
oxidation reactions
oxidation-reduction reactions
Dietary fats are important because they _____.
keep blood pressure normal
help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins
contribute significantly to the health of the skin
help prevent the common cold
