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WorksheetsFMS WEEK 6-7 2021
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 20mins
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder due to a mutation in the cystic fibrosis trans membrane protein (CFTR) which regulates chloride (Cl-) transport. CFTR is important in the regulations of cell activity in various organs. Which of the following is INCORRECT in term of CFTR and its function?
Reabsorb sodium chloride (NaCl) as the sweat passes along the tubule of sweat gland ducts and producing a hypertonic sweat
Coordinates the regulation of Na+ absorption by ENaC and Cl- secretion by CFTR maintains the correct depth and composition of the ASL in trachea
CFTR is located in apical membrane of pancreatic duct cells and plays a key role in ductal bicarbonate (HCO3-) secretion
CFTR is located in apical membrane of pancreatic duct cells and plays a key in maintaining the appropriate volume and pH of pancreatic secretions
CFTR protein is a channel protein that controls the flow of H2O and Cl- ions in and out of cells inside the lungs
Homeostasis of blood sugar is regulated by two main hormones that are secreted by pancreas, i.e. insulin and glucagon. Glucagon is activated during fasting where blood sugar is low. Glucagon acts as signal for liver to breakdown glycogen, through ...
Inactivation of glycogen phosphorylase
Stimulate the movement of GLUT to the membrane
Inactivation of glycogen synthase
Activation of insulin signaling
Activation of IRS-1 protein
Type of membrane transport protein that can transport two different substances simultaneously into the cell, but acts as passive transport for a substance and active transport for the other substance, known as ...
Antiporter
ATP-binding cassette transporter
ATP-powered pump
Uniporter
Symporter
Which of the following is true of methyl groups' effect in the epigenetic mechanism? They directly inhibit ____________
Transcription
Protein translation
Ribosome assembly
Protein stability
Nuclear pore transport
Which one of the following sequences best describe the steps leading to tumor angiogenesis?
1. Endothelial cell activation
2. Endothelial cell proliferation
3. H1F1-alpha activation
4. Sprouting
5. VEGF expression
6. Basement membrane degradation
3, 1, 2, 5, 4, 6
5, 3, 1, 2, 6, 4
3, 5, 1, 6, 2, 4
5, 1, 3, 2, 4, 6
5, 1, 6, 3, 4, 2
Cancer is often the result of activation of ___ to ___ and the inactivation of ___ genes.
oncogenes, proto-suppressor genes, proto-genes
oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes, proto-oncogenes
proto-oncogenes, oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes
oncogenes, proto-oncogenes, tumor-suppressor genes
proto-suppressor genes, suppressors, oncogenes
Glucose transporter is a passive facilitated transport protein that takes up glucose from blood stream into the cells. The steps of glucose intake by cells through facilitated diffusion are:
1. Translocation of vesicles
2. Insulin binds to receptor
3. Release of large number of glucose transporter to membrane
4. Insulin dissociation
5. High blood sugar
The correct order of glucose transport into the cells is:
2–1–3–4–5
5–2–3–1–4
1–2–3–5–4
2–3–1–4–5
5–2–1–3–4
The correct type of membrane protein that functions to help cells stick together to form tissue is ...
GTP binding protein
Adenylyl cyclase
MHC
Signal transduction protein
Cadherin
Intracellular signaling protein that increases the signal by producing large number of intracellular mediators or activating downstream intracellular proteins, called as
Transducer protein
Amplifier protein
Scaffold protein
Adaptor protein
Relay protein
Phospholipids are the major structural component of membranes and consist of hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head. Which is not common type of phospholipid membrane?
Sterol
Phosphatidylserine
Phospholipase C
Phosphatidylcholine
Galactocerebroside
Nucleotide Excision Repair is activated when the following condition occurs:
Damage of single nucleotide
Helix-distorting DNA lesions
DNA insertion mutation
Mismatch of nucleotide
Double strand DNA damage
Two broad classes of genes — proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes — play a key role in cancer induction. Of the many known oncogenes, all but a few are derived from normal cellular genes (i.e., proto-oncogenes) whose products participate in cellular growth-controlling pathways. Proto-oncogenes can be transformed to oncogenes by all of the following mechanisms, EXCEPT:
Chromosomal rearrangements
Insertions that lead to a hyperactive gene product
Mutations in the promoter region that lead to increased transcription
Gene amplification
Elimination of their start signals for translation
Controls that link the integrity of the genome with progression through the cell cycle are known as:
receptors
transcription factors
deacetylators
checkpoints
growth factors
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) has been a powerful cancer imaging tool for many decades. Of the many hallmarks of cancer, which one is put to use when imaging cancer using PET?
Limitless replicative potential
Sustained angiogenesis
Self-sufficiency in growth signal
Evading apoptosis
Reprogramming metabolism
The followings best describe epigenetic related events that may contribute to the formation of cancer:
Hypermethylation of BRCA1
Overexpression of DNA methyl transferase
Overexpression of Histone Deacetylase
A and B
A, B and C
Which error in DNA is most likely generated during DNA Replication?
Deamination
Alkylation
Depurination
Depyrimidination
Mismatch
The first hallmarks of cancer comprise six biological capabilities acquired during the multistep development of human tumors. Which one of the following statements is not characteristic of cancer cells?
activate metastasis
sustain proliferative signaling
avoiding growth suppressors
sensitive to cell death
induce angiogenesis
The flux of substance transport in passive transport, depends on various factors. Which is the INCORRECT factor affecting diffusion rate?
Molecular size
Gravitational force
Steepness of concentration gradient
Transcription factors
Temperature
What is the correct order of steps in Carcinogenesis?
Promotion, Initiation, Progression
Promotion, Progression, Initiation
Initiation, Promotion, Progression
Initiation, Progression, Promotion
Progression, Promotion, Initiation
Cell’s plasma membrane is selective permeable by means it regulates the passage of some substances while preventing others from entering the cell. Following is the correct order or substances based by its permeability crossing the membrane from the highest to the lowest:
Ion – small nonpolar molecule - small uncharged polar molecule – large uncharged polar molecule – ion
Small uncharged polar molecule – small nonpolar molecule – ion - large uncharged polar molecule
Small nonpolar molecule - small uncharged polar molecule — large uncharged polar molecule – ion
Small uncharged polar molecule – small nonpolar molecule – large uncharged polar molecule – ion
Ion - small uncharged polar molecule – small nonpolar molecule – large uncharged polar molecule
The initiation of signal transduction is when the first signal binds to its receptor on target cell thus initiates the changes/activity in the cells. There are several types of signal molecules. Acetylcholine is a signal molecule that categorized as ...
Contact-dependent signal molecules
Local mediators
Hormones
Neurotransmitters
Cytokines
The killing/apoptosis of cell by lymphocytes through Fas binding to Fas ligand on viral infected cell, is an example of cell communication through ...
Endocrine
Autocrine
Contact-dependent
Paracrine
Neuronal
Angiogenesis is an important mediator of tumor progression in which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels. As tumors expand, diffusion distances from the existing vascular supply increase resulting in a condition called:
Hypoxia
Anoxia
Dyslexia
Normoxia
Hypoxemia
Chemical synapses can be excitatory or inhibitory. Which of the following is the CORRECT statement of inhibitory neurotransmitters?
Open cation channels such as Na+
Causes depolarization
Example of inhibitory neurotransmitter is adrenaline
Open Cl- or K+ channels
All above are correct
Intracellular signaling protein that modifies the activity of signaling proteins, called as
Modulator protein
Latent gene regulatory protein
Messenger protein
Anchoring protein
Relay protein
Main types of membrane receptors are G-protein linked, enzyme-linked and ion-channel linked receptor. The INCORRECT characteristic of G-protein linked receptor is ...
Example of G-protein linked receptor is epinephrine receptor
The binding of ligand to G-protein linked receptor activates dimerization of receptor
Receptor activation causes dissociation of α subunits from βγ subunits
Each is made of a single polypeptide chain that threads back and forth across the lipid bilayer seven times
Indirectly regulate activity of a separate plasma-membrane-bound target protein (could be enzyme or ion channel)
Stimulus to the neuron triggers the signaling across neuron that open/close the ion channel and results in action potential across the neuron. Action potential is an all-or-none electrical signal, which appears as a positive wave when recording internally. Which of the following is INCORRECT statement of action potential?
The repolarization is maintained by active Na+/K+ pump
Membrane resting potential is at -70 mV
Stimulus will open Na+ channel that results in the reduced membrane negativity
Initiated by opening of K+ channel
Initiated by depolarization of membrane potential
What DNA virus has been linked to a type of human cancer?
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Hepatitis C Virus
Dengue Virus
Hepatitis B Virus
The second messenger that is resulted from the activation of receptor tyrosine kinase is ...
G-protein
Calmodulin
Adenylyl cyclase
Diacylglycerol
CAM-kinase
Cancer in situ means it ____________
dies quickly
spreads quickly
invades normal tissue
not infectious
is found in one place
Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for tissue-specific gene expression patterns in mammals. Cancer therapeutic strategies in Epigenetics may include inhibition of following enzymes, except:
Histone Demethylase
Histone Deacetylase
DNA Glycosylase
Histone Methyltransferase
DNA Methyltransferase
Which one of the following statements best describe the role of BRCA1 in breast carcinogenesis?
induces angiogenesis
creates the Angelina effect
excess of Estrogen Receptor
loss of genomic stability if mutated
single strand break repair
Modes of cell to cell signaling which two adjacent cells must make physical contact in order to communicate is ...
Endocrine
Neuronal
Paracrine
Juxtacrine
Autocrine
Membrane protein that functions by binding the signal, or ligand that leads to the production of second signal that causes a cellular response is ...
Extracellular matrix
Membrane receptor
Insulin
First messenger
Cadherin
A tumor is any abnormal proliferation of cells, which may be either benign or malignant. How do the cells of benign and malignant tumors differ?
Benign cells grow fast and are small; malignant cells grow slow but large
Benign cells growth into adjacent tissue; malignant cells displace adjacent tissue
Benign cells have metastasis potential; malignant cells have apoptosis potential
Malignant cells are not encapsulated; benign cells are encapsulated
Malignant cells have well defined border; benign cells' border are less defined
Which of following statement is CORRECT about passive transport?
Movement of substance against concentration gradient with energy cost
Movement of water from hypertonic solution to hypotonic solution without energy cost
Movement of substance down its electrochemical gradient with or without carrier protein
Na+/K+ pump
None of the above
Metastasis is the movement or spreading of cancer cells from one part of the body/organ or tissue to another. Cancer cells usually spread through the bloodstream or the lymph system. Which one of the following is the correct order of Metastasis?
Invasion, Intravasation, Extravasation, Transport, Colonization
Invasion, Intravasation, Transport, Extravasation, Colonization
Intravasation, Extravasation, Transport, Colonization, Invasion
Intravasation, Extravasation, Transport, Invasion, Colonization
Intravasation, Extravasation, Invasion, Transport, Colonization
Which of the following is CORRECT mechanisms of biochemical basis for signal transduction?
protein conformational changes
covalent protein modifications
altered rates of gene expression
None of above
All of above
The invasion of cancer cells through the basal membrane into a blood or lymphatic vessel, is also called:
Extravasation
Inflammation
Intravasation
Infiltration
Colonization
Which of the following best describes Oncogene?
An oncogene codes for DNA Glycosylase
An oncogene is a dominantly expressed mutated gene that gives a cell a growth advantage
An oncogene codes for cell cycle control protein
BRCA1 is an example of Oncogene
An oncogene codes for a protein that prevents the cell from undergoing apoptosis
