WorksheetsFinal Exam. for CPE 316 (Fundamental Mixed Signals and Design
Total questions: 62
Worksheet time: 2hrs 40mins
Which term describes the closeness of a measurement to the true value?
Precision
Validity
Accuracy
Reliability
If a bathroom scale consistently reads 5 kg lighter than the person's actual weight, the scale is said to be:
Invalid but accurate
Reliable but not accurate
Valid and reliable
Neither reliable nor valid
The type of validity that assesses whether a test covers all aspects of the concept is known as:
Criterion Validity
Construct Validity
Content Validity
Inter-rater Validity
A complete measurement value is expressed as:
Magnitude + Unit
Value Tolerance
Value Uncertainty Unit
Unit times Magnitude
Calculating the volume of a cylinder from its measured height and diameter is an example of a(n):
Absolute Measurement
Indirect Measurement
Direct Measurement
Quantized Measurement
The primary function of a sensor is:
To convert energy from one form to another.
To provide a physical movement.
To detect or measure a physical property.
To regulate system flow.
A transducer is fundamentally defined as a device that:
Converts one form of energy into another.
Produces a discrete digital output.
Converts electrical energy to light energy.
Stabilizes system voltage.
Which type of sensor requires an external power source (an excitation signal) to operate and produce an electrical signal?
Passive Sensor
Active Sensor
Digital Sensor
Optical Sensor
A Thermistor whose resistance decreases as its temperature increases is classified as a:
PTC Thermistor
RTD
Thermocouple
NTC Thermistor
The RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) is preferred in high-precision industrial applications because its resistance-temperature relationship is:
A. Exponential
B. Inversely proportional
C. Linear
D. Binary
Which sensor is used to measure linear or angular position by converting it into a proportional electrical signal?
A. Angular
B. Position
C. Linear
D. Proportional
The Hall-effect sensor operates based on the principle of:
Piezoelectricity
Thermoelectric effect
Capacitive coupling
Detecting a magnetic field
Which of the following is an example of an Output Transducer?
Thermistor
Photodiode
Actuator
Strain Gauge
A simple push button is classified as the simplest example of a:
Analog Sensor
Passive Sensor
Simple Binary Digital Sensor
Active Sensor
Which sensor type utilizes the piezoelectric effect to convert mechanical force/pressure into an electrical charge?
Capacitive Sensor
Strain Gauge
Piezoelectric Pressure Sensor
Potentiometer
The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor provides a digital pulse whose duration is proportional to:
Light intensity
Temperature
Distance of an object
Humidity level
A Biosensor is unique because it uses a biological element (like an enzyme) to detect:
Pressure
A specific chemical/biological substance (e.g., Glucose)
Motion
Light
Active Sensors generate their own signal, while Passive Sensors must:
Have a digital output.
Be used with an ADC.
Modify an external electrical parameter (like resistance).
Detect motion only.
Which sensor is classified as an Optical Sensor?
Thermocouple
LVDT
Solenoid
Phototransistor
A Smart Sensor is characterized by the integration of a:
High-power actuator.
Microcontroller for onboard processing.
Mechanical switch.
Passive transduction element.
A Digital Signal is characterized by:
Continuous values over continuous time.
Continuous values over discrete time.
Discrete values at discrete points in time.
Discrete values over continuous time.
In the digital revolution, an analog record album was replaced by a CD, where information is stored and transmitted as:
Continuous sound waves.
Long strings of 1s and 0s.
Exponential signals.
Varying electrical voltages.
The function of an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter) is to:
Convert analog signals to digital signals.
Convert digital signals to analog signals.
Amplify analog signals.
Filter digital signals.
A signal whose total energy is finite, but its average power is zero, is classified as a:
Periodic Signal
Power Signal
Energy Signal
Mixed Signal
What is the process of converting an analog signal into a discrete set of voltage levels called?
Sampling
Filtering
Quantization
Rectification
Which real-world device requires both ADC and DAC for its primary function?
A simple ON/OFF light switch
A mobile phone (voice transmission/reception)
A battery-powered DC fan
A standard resistor
The primary reason for converting analog signals to digital signals in modern systems is:
To increase power consumption.
To make the signal continuous.
To allow processing by digital computers/microcontrollers.
To reduce the signal's amplitude.
A Relay is primarily used in a control system to:
Provide motion.
Sense physical variables.
Use a low-power signal to control a higher-power circuit.
Convert AC to DC.
The main difference between a Relay and a Contactor is that a contactor is typically designed to:
Handle only DC circuits.
Be controlled electronically.
Handle much higher current and power loads.
Provide time-delay switching.
The operation of a Solenoid is based on:
The photoelectric effect.
The principles of hydraulics.
Electromagnetism to create linear motion.
Thermal expansion.
The three main control categories a device can fall into, based on the technology they use to actuate, are Electrical, Electronic, and:
Digital, Analog, and Mixed
Active, Passive, and Smart
Pneumatic, Hydraulic, and Mechanical
Input, Process, and Output
In a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) system, the inputs are read from sensors, the logic is executed by the CPU, and the outputs control:
The power supply
The programming interface
Actuators
The memory bank
Which component provides essential overload protection for an electric motor?
Overload relay
Circuit breaker
Fuse
Contactor
Which device is best described as an Output Transducer?
LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
Hydraulic Actuator
Push Button
ADC
The purpose of a pneumatic valve is to:
Control the flow of electric current.
Convert sound energy into electrical energy.
Control the flow or direction of air pressure.
Measure linear displacement.
The closeness of repeated measurements to each other, regardless of the true value, is known as (a) .
The (a) is the standard of comparison in a measurement, such as meters or kilograms.
(a) assesses if a test measures the underlying theoretical concept it is intended to measure.
(a) is concerned with whether different observers get the same results when conducting the same measurement.
A measurement of (a) using a ruler is an example of Direct measurement.
An Input Transducer converts a non-electrical signal into a(n) (a) signal.
A (a) is an active sensor that generates a voltage based on the temperature difference between two dissimilar conductors (the Seebeck effect).
(a) is a common material used to construct RTDs due to its stable and linear resistance-temperature relationship.
Sensors used to measure moisture in the air are called (a) sensors.
A (a) sensor does not require an external power source for its transduction element to function.
(a) sensors detect light intensity, wavelength, or interruption.
An (a) sensor produces a continuous range of output values, similar to a dimmer switch.
The two main types of complex digital sensor communication protocols mentioned are I^2C and (a) .
A (a) sensor is designed to detect the presence or absence of an object without physical contact.
A (a) is a type of sensor that converts mechanical stress into an electrical resistance change.
A signal that conveys information as a function of one or more independent variables is called a (a) .
A Digital signal has (a) values at discrete points in time.
A signal whose total energy is (a) but whose average power is finite is a Power signal.
(a) are signals that combine both analog and digital characteristics, bridging the two domains.
The fundamental difference between analog and digital signals lies in their (a) (Continuous vs. Discrete).
A (a) is an electromagnetically operated switch designed to handle high current loads, typically for controlling motors.
Control devices are used to manage energy, signal, and (a) operations in a system.
In a motor control application, the sequence is often Switch → Relay → Contactor → (a) .
A (a) is a type of actuator that moves in discrete, precise angular increments.
(a) actuators utilize pressurized fluid to move pistons or vanes, providing high torque and precise motion.
Instructions: Read the scenario and answer the question in detail.
Scenario (Measurement Theory): A researcher is developing a new personality test. They find that when the same person takes the test one month apart, the results are nearly identical. However, when compared to actual observations of the person's behavior, the test results do not align.
Question: In terms of measurement theory, what can be said about the Reliability and Validity of this test?
Scenario (Measurement Theory): An apprentice engineer uses a scale that is correctly calibrated but has a resolution of only 10 grams. They take 10 measurements of a 100-gram standard weight, and the readings are: 100g, 100g, 110g, 90g, 100g, 100g, 90g, 110g, 100g, 100g.
Question: Analyze these measurements in terms of Accuracy and Precision.
