WorksheetsHart - Ch 21 -The Endocrine System and Related Care Review
Total questions: 76
Worksheet time: 38mins
The structure and function of the endocrine system can be described as:
A network of glands that secrete hormones to regulate body functions.
A system of muscles that control movement.
A group of organs responsible for digestion.
A collection of bones that support the body.
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones to regulate body functions. Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the endocrine system?
It is made up of glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream to control various body processes.
It is composed of muscles that contract to move the body.
It is a network of nerves that transmit electrical signals throughout the body.
It is a system of bones that provide support and protection for organs.
Define the following term: glands.
an organ that produces and secretes chemicals called hormones.
a type of cell that stores energy.
a structure that filters blood in the kidneys.
a tissue that connects muscles to bones.
Define the following term: hormones.
a chemical substance created by the body that controls a body function.
a type of cell that fights infections.
a protein that provides energy to muscles.
a mineral needed for bone growth.
Define the following term: pituitary gland.
a gland that secretes key hormones that stimulate the rest of the body’s endocrine glands to produce hormones.
a gland that regulates blood sugar levels in the body.
a gland responsible for producing digestive enzymes.
a gland that controls the body's response to stress.
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete hormones to regulate body functions. Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the endocrine system?
It consists of glands that secrete hormones to regulate body functions.
It consists of muscles that control voluntary movement.
It consists of bones that provide structural support.
It consists of nerves that transmit electrical signals.
Glands produce and secrete ________, which are chemical substances that control numerous body functions.
hormones
enzymes
vitamins
proteins
Most hormone secretion is controlled by a ________ feedback loop.
negative
positive
neutral
direct
Hormones are carried by the blood to organs in order to achieve which of the following? Select all that are correct.
Regulate calcium levels in bones
Regulate blood sugar levels
Influence growth and development
Maintain homeostasis
Regulate body's ability to reproduce
One function of hormones is to maintain ________.
homeostasis
digestion
movement
reproduction
Hormones influence ________ and development.
growth
temperature
color
shape
Hormones help regulate blood ________ levels.
sugar
pressure
oxygen
calcium
Hormones help regulate calcium levels in ________.
bones
muscles
skin
blood vessels
The endocrine system is composed of glands that secrete hormones to regulate various body functions. Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the endocrine system?
A network of glands that release hormones to control body processes
A system of muscles that move the body
A group of bones that support the body
A collection of nerves that transmit signals
More than ___ hormones are produced in the body and some glands and hormones have more than one function.
50
10
5
100
Many of the most important hormones that control growth and development and reproductive functioning are secreted by the ___ gland.
pituitary
thyroid
adrenal
pineal
The ___ gland controls the sleep-wake cycle.
pineal
pituitary
thyroid
adrenal
The structure and function of the endocrine system can be described as:
A network of glands that secrete hormones to regulate body functions.
A system of muscles that control voluntary movement.
A group of organs responsible for digestion.
A collection of bones that support the body.
The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate ________ and control calcium distribution in the body.
metabolism
digestion
respiration
circulation
The thymus gland hormones are associated with ________ function.
immune
digestive
respiratory
excretory
The pancreas secretes hormones that aid in ________.
digestion
respiration
circulation
excretion
The adrenal glands secrete hormones that control responses in the body such as heart rate, muscle power, and blood pressure. These responses are known as the ________ response.
fight or flight
rest and digest
growth and repair
feed and breed
Gonads produce hormones that stimulate and regulate ________ function.
reproductive
digestive
respiratory
excretory
The structure and function of the endocrine system can be described as:
A network of glands that secrete hormones to regulate body functions.
A system of muscles that control voluntary movement.
A group of organs responsible for digestion and absorption.
A collection of bones that provide structural support.
Growth hormone (GH) ________ body growth and development.
regulates
destroys
ignores
prevents
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) controls the release of ________ gland hormones.
thyroid
adrenal
pituitary
parathyroid
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) controls the release of ________ gland hormones.
adrenal
thyroid
pituitary
parathyroid
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) controls the production of ________, a hormone that influences skin pigment.
melanin
insulin
thyroxine
adrenaline
The structure and function of the endocrine system can be described as:
A network of glands that secrete hormones to regulate body functions.
A system of muscles that control voluntary movement.
A group of organs responsible for digestion and absorption.
A collection of bones that provide support and protection.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) acts on the gonads (ovaries and testes). In the female, FSH stimulates ________ production, which causes ova to mature. In the male, FSH stimulates the production of ________.
estrogen; sperm
progesterone; testosterone
testosterone; ova
luteinizing hormone; eggs
Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates ________ in females and ________ production in males.
ovulation; testosterone
follicle development; estrogen
milk production; progesterone
menstruation; sperm
Prolactin stimulates the ________ glands in the breasts to produce milk.
mammary
sebaceous
salivary
sweat
The structure and function of the endocrine system can be described as:
A network of glands that secrete hormones to regulate body functions.
A system of muscles that control movement.
A group of bones that provide support and protection.
A collection of nerves that transmit electrical signals.
Lifespan changes to the endocrine system include which of the following?
Decreased hormone production with age
Increased hormone production with age
No change in hormone production with age
Complete cessation of hormone production in early adulthood
The endocrine system is active before birth and stimulates ______ development. It continues to develop over the first year.
fetal
neural
muscular
digestive
The thymus gland helps protect an infant from disease. It functions throughout childhood and adulthood but then begins to ______.
atrophy
enlarge
regenerate
expand
The pituitary gland stimulates the body to begin puberty between the ages of ______ and ______; the process continues through adolescence.
8 and 14
10 and 18
6 and 12
12 and 20
Lifespan changes to the endocrine system include which of the following?
Decreased hormone production and sensitivity
Increased hormone production with age
No change in endocrine function over time
Complete cessation of all hormone activity by age 50
Age-related changes to the endocrine system may include decreased levels of hormones, such as _______ and _______.
estrogen, progesterone
insulin, glucagon
thyroxine, cortisol
testosterone, adrenaline
Age-related changes to the endocrine system may include decreased _______ hormone levels, which lowers metabolic rate.
thyroid
insulin
cortisol
growth
Age-related changes to the endocrine system may include decreased production of _______.
insulin
hemoglobin
melanin
collagen
Age-related changes to the endocrine system may include lower ability to handle _______.
stress
hunger
pain
temperature
Identify the common chronic and acute conditions of the endocrine system.
Diabetes and thyroid storm
Asthma and hypertension
Arthritis and pneumonia
Migraine and eczema
Define the following term: endocrinologist.
A physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of the endocrine system.
A doctor who specializes in heart diseases.
A surgeon who operates on bones and joints.
A physician who treats skin disorders.
Define the following term: dwarfism.
A condition that causes a failure to grow at a normal rate; often caused by undersecretion of growth hormone.
A condition characterized by excessive growth of bones and tissues.
A disorder resulting from overproduction of insulin.
A disease that affects the immune system causing frequent infections.
Define the following term: gigantism.
A condition caused by oversecretion of growth hormone in children, resulting in excessive stature and body size.
A condition characterized by insufficient thyroid hormone production in adults.
A disorder resulting from the lack of insulin production in the pancreas.
A disease caused by vitamin D deficiency leading to softening of bones in children.
Which of the following lists includes both common chronic and acute conditions of the endocrine system?
Diabetes mellitus and thyroid storm
Asthma and hypertension
Osteoporosis and pneumonia
Arthritis and influenza
Define the following term: acromegaly.
A condition caused by oversecretion of growth hormone in adults, resulting in accelerated growth in the face and extremities.
A disorder characterized by insufficient insulin production, leading to high blood sugar levels.
A genetic condition resulting in the inability to metabolize phenylalanine.
A disease caused by vitamin D deficiency, leading to softening of the bones.
Define the following term: diabetes insipidus.
A condition that occurs when the pituitary gland does not secrete enough antidiuretic hormone to maintain homeostasis.
A condition characterized by high blood sugar due to lack of insulin.
A disorder caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone.
A disease resulting from the destruction of red blood cells.
Define the following term: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).
A condition that occurs when too much ADH is secreted by the pituitary gland.
A disorder characterized by insufficient secretion of ADH by the pituitary gland.
A syndrome resulting from excessive aldosterone secretion.
A condition caused by decreased secretion of thyroid hormones.
Which of the following lists includes both common chronic and acute conditions of the endocrine system?
Diabetes mellitus and thyroid storm
Asthma and hypertension
Osteoporosis and appendicitis
Pneumonia and anemia
What is one leading cause of pituitary gland malfunction?
A usually benign tumor called an adenoma.
Excessive sunlight exposure.
High dietary sugar intake.
Lack of physical exercise.
Oversecretion and undersecretion of GH can cause growth rate conditions such as ________, gigantism, and acromegaly.
dwarfism
goiter
myxedema
cretinism
Adenoma tumors may be removed surgically or treated with other hormones, radiation, or medications that block ________ secretions.
GH (growth hormone)
TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
Diabetes insipidus is caused by hyposecretion of which hormone?
ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Insulin
Thyroxine
Cortisol
Which of the following lists includes both common chronic and acute conditions of the endocrine system?
Diabetes mellitus and thyroid storm
Asthma and hypertension
Osteoarthritis and influenza
Appendicitis and eczema
Define the following term: hyperthyroidism.
A condition in which the thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone, causing body processes to speed up, resulting in rapid heartbeat, sweating, weight loss, and nervousness.
A condition in which the thyroid produces too little thyroid hormone, causing body processes to slow down, resulting in fatigue, weight gain, and depression.
A disorder characterized by the overproduction of insulin by the pancreas, leading to low blood sugar levels.
A condition where the adrenal glands produce excessive amounts of cortisol, leading to weight gain and high blood pressure.
Define the following term: Graves’ disease.
An autoimmune disorder that often causes hyperthyroidism; rapid heart rate, palpitations, dizziness, tremors, weight loss, and bulging eyes are common signs and symptoms.
A bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs, causing cough, fever, and chest pain.
A genetic disorder characterized by the inability to metabolize phenylalanine, leading to intellectual disability if untreated.
A viral illness that causes inflammation of the liver, resulting in jaundice, fatigue, and abdominal pain.
Define the following term: hypothyroidism.
A condition in which the body lacks thyroid hormone, causing the body processes to slow down and resulting in fatigue, weight gain, constipation, and intolerance to cold.
A condition in which the body produces excess insulin, leading to low blood sugar levels.
A disorder characterized by high levels of calcium in the blood due to overactive parathyroid glands.
A disease where the immune system attacks the joints, causing inflammation and pain.
Which of the following lists includes both common chronic and acute conditions of the endocrine system?
Diabetes mellitus and thyroid storm
Asthma and hypertension
Osteoporosis and appendicitis
Pneumonia and eczema
Define the following term: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
An autoimmune disorder that often causes hypothyroidism; more common in women, especially in middle age.
A bacterial infection of the thyroid gland causing hyperthyroidism.
A genetic disorder leading to excessive production of thyroid hormones.
A benign tumor of the thyroid gland causing neck swelling.
Define the following term: congenital hypothyroidism.
A form of hypothyroidism that affects infants and children, most commonly due to iodine deficiency during pregnancy; can stunt growth and development and cause intellectual deficits.
A genetic disorder characterized by excessive production of thyroid hormones in adults.
A temporary condition in newborns caused by maternal antibodies affecting the thyroid gland.
A type of hypothyroidism that develops in adulthood due to autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland.
List common chronic and acute conditions of the endocrine system.
Diabetes mellitus and thyroid storm
Asthma and hypertension
Arthritis and pneumonia
Migraine and influenza
Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid produces too much ________ and body processes speed up.
thyroid hormone
insulin
adrenaline
cortisol
Graves' disease is an ________ disorder.
autoimmune
infectious
degenerative
congenital
Which of the following are signs/symptoms of Hyperthyroidism?
Weight loss, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and nervousness
Slow heart rate, weight gain, dry skin
High blood pressure, fever, rash
None of the above
How is Graves' disease usually treated?
With antibiotics
With medications or surgery
With physical therapy
With dietary supplements
Common chronic and acute conditions of the endocrine system include which of the following?
Diabetes mellitus and Addison's disease
Asthma and pneumonia
Osteoarthritis and gout
Hypertension and anemia
Thyrotoxic crisis is a ________ condition in which there is a rapid rise in thyroid levels.
life-threatening
benign
chronic
self-limiting
Causes of thyrotoxic crisis include untreated/undertreated ________ or stopping antithyroid medications.
hyperthyroidism
hypothyroidism
diabetes mellitus
Addison's disease
Signs/symptoms of thyrotoxic crisis include palpitations, tachycardia, confusion, and ________.
dyspnea
bradycardia
hypothermia
constipation
Treatment for thyrotoxic crisis involves ________ or surgery.
medication
radiation therapy
physical therapy
dietary supplements
What is hypothyroidism?
A condition where the body produces too much thyroid hormone
A condition where the body lacks thyroid hormone and body processes slow down
An autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid
A type of thyroid cancer
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of hypothyroidism?
Fatigue
Weight gain
Rapid heart rate
Dry skin
How is hypothyroidism treated?
With thyroid hormone replacement therapy
With insulin injections
With antibiotics
With chemotherapy
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is more common in _______.
women in middle age
men in middle age
children
elderly men
