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WorksheetsHESI 2
Total questions: 86
Worksheet time: 43mins
Which clinical finding is most characteristic of acute inflammation?
Cyanosis
Redness, warmth, swelling, and pain
Low blood pressure
Absent pulses
A CBC shows an increased number of band neutrophils. This is known as:
Hemolysis
Shift to the right
Shift to the left
Pancytopenia
Which WBCs arrive FIRST at the site of inflammation?
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
A client with chronic inflammation will have prolonged activity of which cells?
Platelets only
Macrophages
Basophils
RBCs
Which age group has reduced inflammatory response?
Adolescents
Newborns and older adults
Middle-aged adults
Pregnant individuals only
Which factor increases a client’s risk for inadequate inflammatory response?
Normal nutrition
Clean living environment
Poor nutrition and low socioeconomic status
High protein intake
Which is part of primary prevention for inflammation?
Using steroids when sick
Complete physical rest
Hand hygiene and safety equipment
Daily antibiotic use
Which intervention is included in RICE therapy for acute inflammation?
Warm compress immediately
Elevation of injured area
High-impact exercise
Full weight-bearing activity
Which assessment finding suggests systemic inflammation?
Bradycardia
Hypothermia
Fever
Pale skin
Which diagnostic test specifically assesses for inflammatory activity?
Hemoglobin
ESR or CRP
Platelet count only
BNP
In peptic ulcer disease, pain occurring 1–2 hours after meals suggests:
Duodenal ulcer
Gastric ulcer
Reflux disease only
Colitis
In peptic ulcer disease, pain 2–5 hours after meals suggests:
Gastric ulcer
Duodenal ulcer
Diverticulitis
Constipation
Which finding is consistent with GI bleeding in peptic ulcer disease?
(a)
A rigid abdomen and severe sudden upper abdominal pain indicate which complication of PUD?
Perforation
Constipation
Gastric outlet obstruction only
Mild irritation
A client with gastric outlet obstruction may present with:
Increased appetite
Belching and vomiting
Pain relieved by eating
Black stool only
Which medication class reduces stomach acid by blocking proton pumps?
Antacids
PPIs
NSAIDs
Antibiotics
When treating H. pylori, which regimen is appropriate?
Single antacid dose
Triple therapy with antibiotics + PPI
NSAIDs + PPI
Steroids + H2 blocker
Which diet recommendation helps prevent PUD irritation?
Increase spicy foods
Carbonated beverages
Avoid alcohol and spicy foods
Eat high-fat meals
Clinical manifestations of cholecystitis often include:
LUQ pain only
RUQ pain and right shoulder pain
Pain relieved by fatty foods
Complete absence of nausea
A client with cholecystitis may have which complication?
Pancreatitis
Dehydration only
Which hepatitis type is transmitted via the fecal-oral route?
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Which lab result indicates acute Hepatitis A infection?
Anti-HAV IgG only
Anti-HAV IgM (correct)
Hepatitis B can be transmitted through:
Airborne droplets
Blood and body fluids
Contaminated vegetables only
Simple skin contact
A client tests positive for HBsAg. This indicates:
Immunity from vaccine
Immunity from past infection
Active Hepatitis B infection
Negative Hep B status
Which hepatitis virus has **no vaccine** but **has a cure** with direct-acting antivirals?
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C is most commonly associated with:
Sharing needles
Airborne transmission
Chronic hepatitis often presents with:
Rapid weight gain
Jaundice, spider angiomas, ascites
Clear urine
Increased appetite
Which symptom is characteristic of acute hepatitis?
Cold intolerance
Clay-colored stool
Red urine
Hypertension
Which liver function tests increase with hepatitis?
AST and ALT
Amylase and lipase
BNP and troponin
TSH only
Management for Hepatitis A focuses mainly on:
Antiviral injections
Rest and supportive care
Clients with chronic hepatitis should avoid:
Milk and dairy
Alcohol
Fluids
Protein
Which finding indicates worsening hepatitis?
Improving appetite
Decreasing bilirubin
Increasing jaundice
Clear urine and dark stool
Cholecystitis pain often radiates to:
Left shoulder
Right shoulder/scapula
Lower back
Forehead
Which diagnostic test is commonly used to visualize gallbladder inflammation?
CT of the brain
Colonoscopy
Which diagnostic test is most appropriate for cholecystitis?
CT scan
MRI
Ultrasound
Chest x-ray
A client with cholecystitis should avoid which foods?
High-fat meals
Whole grains
Fruits
Water
Which enzyme levels are elevated in pancreatitis?
AST and ALT only
Amylase and lipase
BNP and CK-MB
TSH and T4
A major complication of pancreatitis is:
Hypertension
Pseudocyst
COPD
Bowel perforation only
Which clinical manifestation is MOST associated with pancreatitis?
Pain relieved by food
Midline chest pain
Nursing care for pancreatitis includes:
Encouraging early meals
Maintaining NPO and hydration
Allowing high-fat snacks
Discontinuing all IV fluids
Which client is at highest risk for pancreatitis?
Older adult with arthritis
Client with gallbladder disease
Client with constipation
Client with UTI
Which finding is an expected clinical manifestation of acute inflammation?
Redness and swelling at the affected site
Decreased blood flow to the area
Pallor and coolness of the skin
Absence of pain or discomfort
Which of the following is a classic sign of inflammation?
Cool skin
Pale color
Warmth at the site
Cyanotic tissue
What is the FIRST step in the inflammatory process after tissue injury?
Platelet plug formation
Chemical mediator release
Macrophage arrival
Collagen deposition
During inflammation, which mediator contributes to pain and vasodilation?
Vitamin K
Histamine
Albumin
Dopamine
A patient with acute inflammation develops pus. This is caused by:
Platelets
Lymphocytes
Dead neutrophils
Dead RBCs
Which type of inflammation lasts months to years?
Acute
Chronic
Subacute
Allergic
Which type of inflammation is long-lasting?
A) Acute
B) Secondary
C) Chronic
D) Allergic
A newborn has a reduced inflammatory response due to:
High neutrophil count
Low neutrophil and monocyte function
Excessive immune response
Elevated lymphocyte activity
A client presents with fever, malaise, and increased WBC count. These are:
Metabolic symptoms
Systemic inflammatory responses
Renal symptoms
Neurologic changes
What is the priority intervention to prevent inflammation-related injury?
Prolonged immobility
Avoiding hand hygiene
Using appropriate safety equipment
Increasing sun exposure
Which complication can occur when the inflammatory response is excessively severe?
Organ failure
Mild fever
Improved healing
Decreased blood flow
Which of the following is a consequence of inflammation?
Hypoglycemia
Increased tissue damage
Dehydration only
Rapid bone growth
Which population is at higher risk for altered inflammatory response?
Adult athletes
Elderly adults
Young adults
Teenagers
Inflammation assessment includes checking for:
Tachypnea only
Warmth, pain, edema, redness
Hyperreflexia
Cyanosis
ESR and CRP are used to:
Diagnose fractures
Measure inflammatory activity
Assess kidney function
Determine liver enlargement
Immobilization for inflammation management helps by:
Reducing movement and allowing tissues to heal
Increasing blood flow to the area
Promoting muscle growth
Accelerating joint stiffness
Immobilization helps inflammation by:
Increasing tissue workload
Reducing movement and promoting healing
Decreasing circulation permanently
Increasing inflammation
NSAIDs help inflammation by:
Increasing prostaglandin production
Blocking prostaglandins
Increasing clot formation
Reducing platelet activity
Steroids decrease inflammation by:
Suppressing immune response
Increasing lymphocyte activation
Increasing tissue edema
Increasing fever
A client with IBD is prescribed biologic therapy. What is a key risk?
Hyperreflexia
Opportunistic infections
High testosterone
Hypersensitivity to oxygen
A UC client reports blurred vision and joint pain. The nurse recognizes these as:
Symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus
Signs of dehydration
Indications of hypoglycemia
Manifestations of hypertension
Which of the following is a common feature in gastrointestinal diseases?
Unrelated symptoms
Extraintestinal manifestations
Cardiac involvement
Liver failure signs
In Crohn’s disease, the intestinal pattern with normal tissue between diseased areas is called:
Linear lesions
Skip lesions
Patch lesions
Uniform lesions
UC inflammation begins in the:
Cecum
Stomach
Rectum and ascends
Esophagus
Deep, longitudinal ulcerations giving a “cobblestone appearance” occur in:
UC
Crohn’s disease
IBS
Pancreatitis
Which complication is associated with ulcerative colitis during severe flares?
Toxic megacolon
Kidney calculus
Gallstones
Pancreatic cyst
Clients with IBD are at increased risk for which nutritional problem?
Hypercalcemia
Malabsorption
Excessive protein storage
High potassium levels
Which diagnostic test visualizes the colon after instilling contrast material?
Ultrasound
Barium enema
CT angiography
Chest x-ray
After a barium enema, which complication must be prevented?
Urinary retention
Diarrhea
Constipation and obstruction
Kidney infection
In Crohn’s disease, strictures can cause:
Paralysis
Bowel obstruction
Elevated platelets
Increased stomach acid
Which finding indicates anemia related to rectal bleeding in UC?
Increased appetite
Fatigue and dizziness
Insomnia only
Tachycardia only
A client with UC is dehydrated. The nurse expects:
Excess urine output
Poor skin turgor
High albumin
Bradycardia only
Which diet best reduces irritation in acute Crohn’s or UC flare?
High-fiber and spicy foods
Whole grains and raw vegetables
High-calorie, high-protein, low-fiber
High-fat dairy products
A client with hepatitis reports dark urine. This occurs due to:
Low bilirubin
Elevated bilirubin excreted in urine
Infection in the bladder
Decreased urine concentration
Clay-colored stool in hepatitis results from:
Excess bile in stool
Lack of bile reaching stool
High-fat diet
Dehydration
Which hepatitis type is most common in IV drug use?
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis G
Which finding suggests worsening hepatic function?
Decreased jaundice
Increasing confusion
Rising appetite
Decreased AST and ALT
A hepatitis B carrier must be taught to avoid:
Vitamins
Donating blood
Eating protein
Drinking water
RUQ pain with fever and jaundice is most consistent with:
Appendicitis
Cholecystitis
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis
Which enzyme levels support the diagnosis of cholecystitis?
Elevated ALT/AST
Elevated BNP
Elevated troponin
Elevated TSH
A client with cholecystitis experiences worsening pain after fatty foods because:
Gallbladder contracts against obstruction
Stomach stops moving
Pancreas shuts down
Liver empties improperly
Which finding is expected in pancreatitis?
Hypotension and tachycardia
Bradycardia only
Elevated RBCs
No abdominal pain
A client with pancreatitis is placed on NPO status. The purpose is to:
Prevent fluid overload
Reduce pancreatic enzyme secretion
Increase gastric acid production
Promote bowel movements
Respiratory complications in pancreatitis occur because:
Pain limits deep breathing
Viral infection develops
The gallbladder enlarges
The diaphragm contracts excessively
Paralytic ileus associated with pancreatitis is treated by:
High-fiber meals
NG tube to suction + IV fluids
Increasing oral intake
Avoiding all mobility
