A 3-week-old neonate presents with central cyanosis that does not improve with oxygen therapy. On exam, a single loud heart sound is audible. Chest X-ray shows a narrow mediastinum with a globular heart (“egg-on-a-string”). Next best step?

A 1-year-old child with blue spells while playing, which improve when the child squats, has a harsh systolic murmur at the left upper sternal border and a boot-shaped heart on chest X-ray. Most likely lesion?

A newborn with tachypnea, bounding pulses, and a continuous “machinery” murmur beneath the left clavicle is found to have wide pulse pressure. Most likely diagnosis?

A 7-year-old child with Down syndrome presents with recurrent respiratory infections and a mid-diastolic rumble at the apex along with a split S2. Echocardiography shows an endocardial cushion defect. Most likely lesion?

A 6-month-old infant presents with tachypnea, failure to thrive, and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. On exam, there is a loud S2, no cyanosis, and CXR shows pulmonary plethora. Most likely diagnosis?

A neonate with cyanosis at birth improves slightly when given oxygen but oxygen saturation remains below 80%. Echocardiography shows transposition of the great arteries with intact septum. Which immediate procedure is indicated?

A 3-month-old infant presents with difficulty breathing, sweating while feeding, and failure to gain weight. Exam shows continuous murmur at left infraclavicular region, bounding pulses, and hepatomegaly. Likely diagnosis?

A 5-year-old child presents with exercise intolerance and cyanosis. Exam reveals single S2, RV heave, and systolic murmur at LLSB. Chest X-ray shows boot-shaped heart. Most likely diagnosis?

A neonate with absent femoral pulses, high blood pressure in upper limbs, and weak lower limb pulses is found to have rib notching on chest X-ray. Most likely diagnosis?

A 25-year-old man falls from a motorcycle and presents with sudden chest pain, dyspnea, hypotension, distended neck veins, and tracheal deviation to the left. Breath sounds are absent on the right. Immediate management?

A 30-year-old male is brought after a stabbing to the chest. He is hypotensive, muffled heart sounds, and distended neck veins. Most likely diagnosis?

A patient involved in a high-speed MVC presents with widened mediastinum, hypotension, and chest pain radiating to the back. He is hemodynamically stable. Next best diagnostic test?

A 40-year-old male with blunt chest trauma has paradoxical chest wall movement, pain on inspiration, and hypoxia. Most likely diagnosis?

A patient presents with dyspnea after blunt trauma, subcutaneous emphysema, and persistent pneumothorax despite chest tube placement. Most likely underlying cause?

A patient with a penetrating chest wound is found to have dyspnea and a sucking sound at the site. Breath sounds are decreased on the side of injury. Next step?

A 35-year-old patient has massive hemothorax after MVC. Initial chest tube drainage yields 1800 mL blood with ongoing bleeding. Next step?

A patient with blunt trauma has hypotension, distended neck veins, and clear lung fields. Most likely diagnosis?

A patient presents with dyspnea, tachypnea, and hypoxia 24 hours after blunt chest trauma. Chest X-ray shows patchy infiltrates. Most likely cause?

A trauma patient is unconscious, with gurgling sounds from the mouth and suspected cervical spine injury. Best initial airway maneuver?