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HEMA-16

Total questions: 114

Worksheet time: 57mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Leukocyte in the peripheral blood: Blasts or promyelocytes
a)
CML
b)
Leukemoid reaction
2.
Toxic granulation is absent
a)
CML
b)
Leukemoid reaction
3.
Increased eosinophils and/or basophils
a)
CML
b)
Leukemoid reaction
4.
LAP is decreased
a)
CML
b)
Leukemoid reaction
5.
Philadelphia chromosome is usually present
a)
CML
b)
Leukemoid reaction
6.
Platelet count is >600 or <50 x 10^9/L
a)
CML
b)
Leukemoid reaction
7.
Splenomegaly is usually prominent
a)
CML
b)
Leukemoid reaction
8.
Leukocyte in the peripheral blood is usually myelocytes
a)
CML
b)
Leukemoid reaction
9.
Toxic granulation is usually present
a)
CML
b)
Leukemoid reaction
10.
Eosinophils and/or basophils is decreased
a)
CML
b)
Leukemoid reaction
11.
Platelet count is normal
a)
CML
b)
Leukemoid reaction
12.
Splenomegaly is mild (if present)
a)
CML
b)
Leukemoid reaction
13.
Philadelphia chromosome is absent
a)
CML
b)
Leukemoid reaction
14.
LAP is increased
a)
CML
b)
Leukemoid reaction
15.
What can you find in PBS of patients with CML?
a)
Blasts or promyelocytes
b)
Myelocytes
c)
Bands
d)
Segmented neutrophils
16.
What can you find in PBS of patients with LR?
a)
Blasts or promyelocytes
b)
Myelocytes
c)
Bands
d)
Segmented neutrophils
17.
Toxic granulation in CML
a)
Present
b)
Absent
18.
Toxic granulation in LR
a)
Present
b)
Absent
19.
Philadelphia chromosome in LR
a)
Present
b)
Absent
20.
Philadelphia chromosome in CML
a)
Present
b)
Absent
21.
Eosinophils/basophils in CML
a)
Increased
b)
Decreased
22.
LAP in LR
a)
Increased
b)
Decreased
23.
LAP in CML
a)
Increased
b)
Decreased
24.
Eosinophils/basophils in LR
a)
Increased
b)
Decreased
25.
LR Plt count
a)
Increased
b)
Normal
c)
Low
26.
What is the most common clinical application of flow cytometry?
a)
Detection of viral load in HIV
b)
Diagnosis of leukemias and lymphomas
c)
Enumeration of platelets
d)
Measurement of serum proteins
27.
Flow cytometry was originally designed to evaluate what property of cells?
a)
Enzymatic activity
b)
Chemical composition
c)
Physical properties based on light deflection
d)
Physical properties based on light reflection
e)
Genetic makeup
28.
Despite the name “flow cytometry,” this technique can also be applied to the study of:
a)
Hormones
b)
Chromosomes
c)
DNA
d)
Microorganisms
e)
Proteins
29.
Flow cytometry measures which of the following properties?
a)
Physical and chemical properties
b)
Physical and antigenic properties
c)
Physical and functional properties
d)
Physical, antigenic, and functional properties
30.
The main components of a flow cytometer include all the following EXCEPT:
a)
Fluidics
b)
Multiple detectors
c)
Light source
d)
Spectrophotometer
e)
Computer
31.
What does the acronym LASER stand for?
a)
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
b)
Light Amplified by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
c)
Light Application by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
d)
Laser Amplified Signal Emission of Radiation
32.
What is the main advantage of flow cytometry over other laboratory techniques?
a)
It requires less sample preparation
b)
It can quickly and simultaneously analyze multiple parameters in many cells
c)
It is cheaper and easier to maintain
d)
It provides direct visual examination
33.
The specimens most commonly analyzed in flow cytometry include:
a)
Urine, Peripheral blood, Cerebrospinal fluid and other Body cavity fluids
b)
Urine, Cerebrospinal fluid, lymphoid tissues and Saliva
c)
Cerebrospinal fluid, Serum, and Plasma
d)
Peripheral blood, lymphoid tissues, body cavity fluids, and bone marrow
34.
Peripheral blood and bone marrow samples for flow cytometry must be processed within:
a)
6 to 12 hours
b)
12 to 24 hours
c)
24 to 48 hours
d)
48 to 72 hours
35.
The preferred anticoagulant for flow cytometry specimens is:
a)
EDTA
b)
Heparin
c)
Sodium Citrate
d)
Acid Citrate Dextrose
36.
Flow cytometry can detect how many antigens simultaneously on a single cell?
a)
5
b)
10
c)
17
d)
25
37.
The detection of multiple antigens in flow cytometry is made possible by:
a)
Use of high-power lasers
b)
Use of monoclonal antibodies conjugated with fluorochromes
c)
Quantitation via spectrophotometry
d)
Use of multiple stains
38.
In flow cytometry, what process ensures that cells pass individually through the illumination system?
a)
Hydrodynamic focusing
b)
Laminar alignment
c)
Particle illumination
d)
Photometric diffusion
39.
The purpose of sheath fluid in flow cytometry is to:
a)
Stain the cells before analysis
b)
Keep the cells fixed in position
c)
Surround and align the cells in a single stream
d)
Act as a detector medium
40.
Forward scatter (FS or FSC) in flow cytometry is proportional to:
a)
Cell complexity
b)
Cell volume or size
c)
Internal complexity and granules
d)
DNA content
41.
Side scatter (SS or SSC) reflects what cellular property?
a)
Cell complexity
b)
Cell volume or size
c)
Internal complexity and granules
d)
DNA content
42.
The signals (FS, SS, and fluorescence) are processed and displayed by the flow cytometer’s:
a)
Detectors
b)
Computer system
c)
Light source
d)
Fluidics system
43.
What is the basic unit of all radiation used in flow cytometry?
a)
Electron
b)
Proton
c)
Photon
d)
Neutron
44.
Fluorescence signals in flow cytometry are generated when:
a)
The cell absorbs and re-emits light at a shorter wavelength
b)
The cell absorbs and re-emits light at a longer wavelength
c)
The cell adsorbs and re-emits light at a shorter wavelength
d)
The cell adsorbs and re-emits light at a longer wavelength
45.
proportional to particle volume or size
a)
forward scatter
b)
side scatter
46.
reflects surface complexity and internal structures such as granules and vacuoles.
a)
forward scatter
b)
side scatter
47.
What is the color produced by peroxidase-positive granules in the Myeloperoxidase test?
a)
Blue-green
b)
Red-brown, dark brown, or black
c)
Orange-red
d)
Yellow-green
48.
Why may red blood cells appear diffusely brown in some Myeloperoxidase staining methods?
a)
Due to denaturation of hemoglobin
b)
Due to pseudoperoxidase activity in hemoglobin
c)
Due to incomplete fixation
d)
Due to overoxidation of dye
49.
What does cytochemistry primarily study?
a)
Morphology of cells
b)
Chemical constituents of cells
c)
Antigenic markers of cells
d)
Genetic material of cells
50.
Cytochemistry is most useful for the diagnosis of which group of disorders?
a)
Acute leukemias
b)
Chronic leukemias
c)
Lymphomas
d)
Myeloproliferative neoplasms
51.
What specimens are typically used in cytochemical studies?
a)
Blood smear and urine sediment
b)
Bone marrow, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood
c)
Cerebrospinal fluid and sputum
d)
Pleural fluid and synovial fluid
52.
Fresh smears are required for which type of cytochemical technique?
a)
Enzymatic techniques
b)
Nonenzymatic techniques
c)
Fluorescence techniques
d)
Histochemical staining
53.
Nonenzymatic cytochemical stains such as PAS and SBB remain stable for months when stored at:
a)
Refrigerator temperature
b)
Freezing temperature
c)
Body temperature
d)
Room temperature
54.
Myeloperoxidase is found in which granules?
a)
Primary granules of neutrophils and eosinophils
b)
Secondary granules of neutrophils and eosinophils
c)
Tertiary granules of neutrophils and eosinophils
d)
Secretory granules of lymphocytes
55.
What is the diagnostic utility of Myeloperoxidase staining?
a)
To differentiate lymphomas from leukemias
b)
To differentiate AML from ALL
c)
To differentiate CML from ALL
d)
To differentiate ALL from CLL
56.
A positive peroxidase stain effectively rules out which leukemia?
a)
ALL
b)
AML
c)
CML
d)
CLL
57.
Which cells are Myeloperoxidase-positive?
a)
Neutrophilic granulocytes and Auer rods
b)
Lymphocytes
c)
Basophils and erythroblasts
d)
Megakaryocytes
58.
Which FAB subtypes are Myeloperoxidase-positive?
a)
M0, M1, M2
b)
M1, M2, M3
c)
M4, M5, M6
d)
M6, M7, M8
59.
Which cells stains weakly positive or negative for Myeloperoxidase?
a)
Monocytes
b)
Lymphocytes
c)
Eosinophils
d)
Myelocytes
60.
Which cells are negative for Myeloperoxidase?
a)
Myeloblasts and lymphocytes
b)
Eosinophils and monocytes
c)
Neutrophils and promyelocytes
d)
Reticulocytes and Lymphocytes
61.
Neutrophilic granulocytes (except normal blasts)
a)
Positive in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
b)
Weakly positive or negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
c)
Negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
62.
Leukemic blasts in FAB M1, M2, and M3
a)
Positive in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
b)
Weakly positive or negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
c)
Negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
63.
Eosinophils
a)
Positive in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
b)
Weakly positive or negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
c)
Negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
64.
Auer rods
a)
Positive in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
b)
Weakly positive or negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
c)
Negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
65.
Monocytes
a)
Positive in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
b)
Weakly positive or negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
c)
Negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
66.
Myeloblasts
a)
Positive in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
b)
Weakly positive or negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
c)
Negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
67.
Erythrocytic cell series
a)
Positive in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
b)
Weakly positive or negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
c)
Negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
68.
Lymphocytic cell series
a)
Positive in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
b)
Weakly positive or negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
c)
Negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
69.
Basophils
a)
Positive in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
b)
Weakly positive or negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
c)
Negative in Myeloperoxidase (MPO)
70.
Sudan Black B primarily stains:
a)
Glycogen
b)
Sterols, neutral fats, and phospholipids
c)
DNA and RNA
d)
Carbohydrates
71.
The staining pattern of Sudan Black B parallels which other cytochemical stain?
a)
PAS
b)
MPO
c)
Esterase
d)
Tdt
72.
Which cells are strongly positive for Sudan Black B?
a)
Segmented neutrophils and metamyelocytes
b)
Lymphocytes and Lymphocytes
c)
Platelets and WBCs
d)
Basophils
73.
Which cells are negative for Sudan Black B?
a)
Eosinophils
b)
Lymphocytes
c)
Megakaryocytes
d)
Myelocytes
e)
Erythrocytes
74.
Promyelocyte, myelocyte
a)
Positive in SBB
b)
Weakly positive or negative in SBB
c)
Negative in SBB
75.
Metamyelocytes, bands, and segmented neutro; super
a)
Positive in SBB
b)
Weakly positive or negative in SBB
c)
Negative in SBB
76.
Eosinophils
a)
Positive in SBB
b)
Weakly positive or negative in SBB
c)
Negative in SBB
77.
Auer rods
a)
Positive in SBB
b)
Weakly positive or negative in SBB
c)
Negative in SBB
78.
Leukemic blasts
a)
Positive in SBB
b)
Weakly positive or negative in SBB
c)
Negative in SBB
79.
Myeloblasts
a)
Positive in SBB
b)
Weakly positive or negative in SBB
c)
Negative in SBB
80.
Monocytic cells
a)
Positive in SBB
b)
Weakly positive or negative in SBB
c)
Negative in SBB
81.
Lymphocytes and its precursors
a)
Positive in SBB
b)
Weakly positive or negative in SBB
c)
Negative in SBB
82.
Megakaryocytes and platelets
a)
Positive in SBB
b)
Weakly positive or negative in SBB
c)
Negative in SBB
83.
Erythrocytes
a)
Positive in SBB
b)
Weakly positive or negative in SBB
c)
Negative in SBB
84.
The primary purpose of esterase stains is to differentiate:
a)
Acute monocytic from acute lymphocytic leukemias
b)
Acute granulocytic from monocytic leukemias
c)
Chronic lymphocytic from acute granulocytic leukemias
d)
Acute lymphocytic from chronic myelogenous leukemias
85.
Which cells show strong nonspecific esterase (α-naphthyl acetate/butyrate) activity?
a)
Monocytes
b)
Neutrophils
c)
Lymphocytes
d)
Eosinophils
86.
What effect does sodium fluoride (NaF) inhibition have on esterase activity?
a)
Inhibits granulocytic esterase
b)
Inhibits monocytic esterase
c)
Enhances lymphocytic esterase
d)
Stabilizes all enzyme reactions
87.
Which cells are positive for naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase?
a)
Myeloblasts
b)
Monoblasts, promonocytes and monocytes
c)
Promyelocytes, myelocytes, and Auer rods
d)
Monocytic cells
88.
Promyelocyte, myelocyte, metamyelocyte, bands, seg. neutro
a)
Positive in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
b)
Weakly positive or negative in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
c)
Negative in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
89.
Leukemic myeloblasts
a)
Positive in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
b)
Weakly positive or negative in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
c)
Negative in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
90.
Auer rods
a)
Positive in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
b)
Weakly positive or negative in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
c)
Negative in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
91.
Monocytic cells
a)
Positive in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
b)
Weakly positive or negative in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
c)
Negative in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
92.
Myeloblasts
a)
Positive in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
b)
Weakly positive or negative in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
c)
Negative in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
93.
Monoblasts, promonocytes and monocytes
a)
Positive in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
b)
Weakly positive or negative in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
c)
Negative in Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate esterase
94.
α-naphthyl acetate
a)
Specific
b)
Nonspecific
95.
α-naphthyl butyrate
a)
Specific
b)
Nonspecific
96.
Naphthol AS-D Chloroacetate
a)
Specific
b)
Nonspecific
97.
Monocytes (with NaF inihibition)
a)
Positive in α-naphthyl acetate esterase (NSE) and α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NSE)
b)
Weakly positive or negative in α-naphthyl acetate esterase (NSE) and α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NSE)
c)
Negative in α-naphthyl acetate esterase (NSE) and α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NSE)
98.
Monocytes
a)
Positive in α-naphthyl acetate esterase (NSE) and α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NSE)
b)
Weakly positive or negative in α-naphthyl acetate esterase (NSE) and α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NSE)
c)
Negative in α-naphthyl acetate esterase (NSE) and α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NSE)
99.
Granulocytes
a)
Positive in α-naphthyl acetate esterase (NSE) and α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NSE)
b)
Weakly positive or negative in α-naphthyl acetate esterase (NSE) and α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NSE)
c)
Negative in α-naphthyl acetate esterase (NSE) and α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NSE)
100.
Lymphoid cells
a)
Positive in α-naphthyl acetate esterase (NSE) and α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NSE)
b)
Weakly positive or negative in α-naphthyl acetate esterase (NSE) and α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NSE)
c)
Negative in α-naphthyl acetate esterase (NSE) and α-naphthyl butyrate esterase (NSE)
101.
The PAS stain detects which cellular component?
a)
Lipids
b)
Glycogen
c)
DNA
d)
RNA
102.
PAS is particularly useful in identifying which leukemia subtype according to its FAB classification?
a)
M0
b)
M3
c)
M5
d)
M6
e)
M7
103.
In erythroleukemia (FAB M6), the RBCs show what PAS staining reaction?
a)
Strongly positive
b)
Weakly positive
c)
Strongly negative
d)
Weakly negative
104.
Normal erythroid precursors are PAS:
a)
Positive
b)
Negative
c)
Variable
d)
Normal
105.
TdT is an enzyme marker for:
a)
Primitive lymphoid cells
b)
Mature myeloid cells
c)
Primitive Monocytic cells
d)
Erythrocytic precursors
106.
Strong TdT activity is observed in approximately what percentage of patients with ALL?
a)
50%
b)
70%
c)
90%
d)
100%
107.
TdT is helpful in identifying what transformation in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?
a)
Myeloblastic transformation
b)
Lymphoblastic transformation
c)
Monocytic transformation
d)
Megakaryoblastic transformation
108.
Enzyme marker for primitive lymphoid cells
a)
MPO
b)
SBB
c)
Esterase
d)
PAS
e)
TdT
109.
Helpful in the recognition of the “lymphoblastic transformation” of CML
a)
MPO
b)
SBB
c)
Esterase
d)
PAS
e)
TdT
110.
Stain for glycogen
a)
MPO
b)
SBB
c)
Esterase
d)
PAS
e)
TdT
111.
Useful in identifying FAB M6 leukemia
a)
MPO
b)
SBB
c)
Esterase
d)
PAS
e)
TdT
112.
Differentiate acute granulocytic leukemias from monocytic leukemias
a)
MPO
b)
SBB
c)
Esterase
d)
PAS
e)
TdT
113.
Stains sterols, neutral fats, phospholipids (found in the primary and secondary granules of neutrophils and lysosomal granules of monocytes)
a)
MPO
b)
SBB
c)
Esterase
d)
PAS
e)
TdT
114.
Enzyme found in primary granules of: Neutrophils and Eosinophils as well as Mono (to a certain extent)
a)
MPO
b)
SBB
c)
Esterase
d)
PAS
e)
TdT