WorksheetsIntroduction to Data Transfer and Distributed Computation
Total questions: 150
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
Which statement best defines data transfer in computing?
Moving digital information between systems
Executing code across multiple processors
Encrypting files to protect confidentiality
Storing backups in remote repositories
Which is a core functionality of data transfer?
Move data between systems efficiently
Schedule tasks across compute clusters
Virtualize hardware for resource pooling
Compress media to reduce bandwidth
Which outcome is directly tied to ensuring data integrity during transfer?
Received data matches the original source
More nodes participate in computation
Latency always drops to near zero
All traffic is automatically encrypted
Which option highlights the critical role of data transfer in modern computing?
Backbone for network protocol exchanges
Replacement for distributed file systems
Alternative to local memory management
Eliminates need for system authentication
Select all statements that describe why data transfer is essential in distributed systems.
Shares information between interconnected nodes
Supports fault tolerance through reliable exchange
Optimizes performance by avoiding redundant work
Guarantees zero packet loss on public networks
What is distributed computation?
Breaking tasks across interconnected computers
Running a single task on a mainframe
Caching data in local memory banks
Rendering graphics on a GPU farm
In a distributed computing model, what are computing nodes responsible for?
Executing task segments independently
Only storing final aggregated results
Providing user interfaces for operators
Generating encryption keys for traffic
Which factor is paramount for performance in distributed computation?
Efficient data transfer between nodes
Maximizing redundant calculations
Using a single centralized scheduler
Disabling intermediate result sharing
Reliable data transfer most directly supports which property in distributed systems?
Fault tolerance during failures
Infinite horizontal scalability
Guaranteed real-time analytics
Automatic stateful load balancing
Why does effective data transfer help avoid redundant computations?
Intermediate results are shared timely
Tasks are always replicated twice
Nodes never fail during execution
Memory usage is permanently reduced
Which statement about network connectivity in data transfer is accurate?
Provides pathways for exchanging information
Eliminates protocol overhead completely
Removes need for addressing schemes
Guarantees unlimited bandwidth always
Which benefit aligns with system integration in the context of data transfer?
Reliable access to remote resources
Automatic code generation for kernels
Permanent encryption of all devices
Zero configuration across all networks
Choose the set that best represents core functionality elements of data transfer.
Efficient movement across systems
Integrity assurances during transit
Reliable remote resource access
Mandatory physical media inspection
Which misconception would most likely degrade distributed system performance?
Assuming data transfer is unnecessary
Sharing intermediate results across nodes
Ensuring integrity checks on payloads
Optimizing network paths for latency
Which description connects data movement, network connectivity, and system integration?
Together enable efficient, reliable exchange
Primarily replace application-layer logic
Guarantee perfect synchronization always
Only relevant to single-machine workloads
Which statement best describes why saving intermediate results improves fault tolerance in distributed computing?
It enables rollback to a known checkpoint state
It guarantees zero hardware failures forever
It eliminates the need for data replication entirely
It allows tasks to run faster without any checkpoints
A long-running iterative algorithm crashes midway. What practice minimizes recomputation after restart?
Periodic checkpointing of intermediate outputs
Batching all results at the final step only
Turning off consistency across nodes
Using only one powerful central server
Which are benefits of performance optimization from reusing preserved results?
Avoids redundant computations in later stages
Reduces overall processing time for iterations
Guarantees strict serial execution of tasks
Improves throughput for complex workflows
In a workflow diagram showing Initial Computation → Save Checkpoint → Resume, what role does the checkpoint play?
Acts as a recoverable state for resumption
Serves as a final output submission portal
Replicates every node’s memory contents
Schedules future tasks using cron timers
Which claim about fault tolerance is accurate for distributed systems?
Checkpoints protect against data loss from failures
Failures always crash the entire cluster instantly
Replication removes the need for checkpoints always
Fault tolerance means consistency is unnecessary
Which advantages typically characterize distributed systems?
Scalability by adding nodes incrementally
Availability despite individual node failures
Guaranteed single-copy data without duplication
Efficiency via task distribution across machines
What does scalability mean in distributed architectures?
Expanding capacity by adding more nodes
Eliminating all network latency permanently
Running everything on one large computer
Replacing consistency with faster performance
Availability (fault tolerance) mainly ensures which outcome?
Continuous operation despite some component failures
Perfect synchronization without any replication
Maximum throughput with zero resource overhead
Immediate global consistency across all writes
Which statement best captures consistency in distributed systems?
Shared data remains synchronized across nodes
Every task completes exactly at the same time
No failures can affect any running process
Replication is avoided to reduce storage
Efficiency in distributed computing is primarily achieved by:
Distributing tasks to utilize resources optimally
Removing all redundancy from the system
Locking all data to a single master node
Disabling checkpoints to reduce I/O costs
Which scenario demonstrates avoiding redundant computation using preserved results?
Restarting from the last saved iteration’s state
Re-executing the entire job from the beginning
Discarding partial outputs after every step
Migrating all tasks to one central machine
When workloads surge unexpectedly, which advantage helps sustain performance without failure?
Efficiency through optimal resource utilization
Consistency by strict serializing all writes
Availability by shutting down idle nodes
Scalability by reducing replication levels
Which pair of properties most directly supports resilience against crashes?
Checkpoints of intermediate states
Availability during component failures
Eventual consistency models
Horizontal scalability of storage
A team aims to shorten runtime of an iterative algorithm across a cluster. Which actions help?
Reuse intermediate results from checkpoints
Parallelize tasks across multiple machines
Disable synchronization entirely to go faster
Restart jobs from the first step each time
Which misconception about distributed systems should be avoided?
Fault tolerance means the whole system never fails
Availability can persist even if some nodes crash
Scalability allows capacity growth by adding nodes
Consistency keeps shared data synchronized
Which statement best describes interactive transfer in data systems?
Automated, scheduled group transfers without oversight
Direct, real-time user interaction with immediate feedback
Periodic synchronization using scripts and cron jobs
Background queue processing optimized for bulk workloads
A user manually copies files with scp and watches progress. Which transfer paradigm is used?
Interactive transfer
Batch transfer
Stream processing
Store-and-forward
Which example aligns with interactive transfer rather than batch transfer?
Nightly automated backups to cloud storage
Downloading files through a web browser
Scheduled database export every weekend
Queued migration processed by a script
Choose the primary advantage of interactive transfer.
Reduces human error through full automation
Immediate control and real-time feedback
Highly efficient for repetitive large jobs
Minimal upfront configuration and setup
Which is a disadvantage of interactive transfer in enterprise contexts?
Requires constant user attention during transfers
Cannot provide feedback on transfer status
Unsuitable for ad-hoc, one-off file moves
Always slower than automated batch jobs
Batch transfer is preferable when the workload is
Unpredictable and user-initiated ad-hoc tasks
Small, occasional, interactive file copies
Large volumes requiring repetitive processing
Immediate event handling with low latency
In an interactive workflow, what is the correct sequence?
System → Feedback → User → Initiates Transfer
User → Initiates Transfer → System → Feedback
Feedback → System → User → Initiates Transfer
Initiates Transfer → Feedback → System → User
Which scenario demands low latency typical of interactive applications?
Monthly payroll batch export
Nightly data warehouse loads
Multiplayer online gaming
Weekly log archival
Select all applications that rely on interactive transfer characteristics like immediate response and minimal delay.
Live video streaming
Voice over IP calls
Real-time chat messaging
Scripted nightly backups
Why is interactive transfer suitable for ad-hoc operations?
It queues jobs for deferred execution automatically
It offers direct control with immediate status feedback
It splits workloads into scheduled batches efficiently
It eliminates the need for any user involvement
Which misconception about interactive transfer is most accurate to correct?
It is best for large repetitive tasks
It provides immediate user feedback
It always runs without human input
It cannot handle manual file copies
A financial fraud detection system flags anomalies as transactions occur. Which property is essential?
Delayed batch aggregation overnight
Immediate event processing with low latency
Manual review before data transmission
Periodic synchronization at fixed intervals
Which pair correctly matches paradigm with a typical example?
Interactive transfer — automated backups
Batch transfer — manual FTP client uploads
Interactive transfer — browser file downloads
Batch transfer — real-time chat messaging
Identify the biggest trade-off when choosing interactive transfer for large-scale moves.
Greater need for user attention throughout
Inability to display progress indicators
Lack of real-time control and visibility
Requirement for complex scheduling scripts
Which outcome is expected in interactive applications such as VoIP and chat?
Queued delivery with noticeable delay
Immediate message delivery and display
Offline processing with periodic updates
Batch consolidation before transmission
Which combination of benefits is associated with batch transfer, contrasting interactive transfer?
Efficient for large volumes
Suitable for repetitive tasks
Reduces human error
Provides instant user feedback
Which statement best describes batch transfer in data systems?
Transfers happen continuously with human supervision
Transfers are grouped and scheduled without human intervention
Transfers run only on user-triggered interactive sessions
Transfers prioritize real-time updates over periodic runs
Which scenario is a typical example of batch processing?
Live fraud alerts evaluated per transaction instantly
Nightly data synchronization across regional databases
User clicks processed immediately for personalized ads
Interactive dashboards updating every second
What is a key advantage of batch transfers for large enterprises?
Highly efficient for large data volumes
Eliminates all configuration requirements
Provides immediate results for ad-hoc questions
Guarantees zero debugging complexity
Which disadvantage most limits batch processing for urgent requests?
Less flexible for ad-hoc needs
Requires scheduled automation tools
Uses parallel processing frameworks
Runs during off-peak system hours
A team wants to reduce manual errors in routine data moves. Which approach aligns with batch transfer benefits?
Manual scripts triggered by analysts each morning
Automated jobs scheduled to run nightly
Real-time streams processed per event
On-demand tools launched during peak hours
Which batch processing application aligns with detecting fraud while handling currency conversions?
Historical Analysis
System Backups
Financial Reporting
Credit Card Settlements
Which application focuses on scheduled operations to minimize performance impact during peak hours?
System Backups
Financial Reporting
Historical Analysis
Credit Card Settlements
Which application aims to identify patterns and trends from large historical datasets?
Financial Reporting
Historical Analysis
Credit Card Settlements
System Backups
Which statement about the batch processing workflow is correct?
Data is analyzed before collection begins
Batches are processed sequentially after collection
Analysis occurs before each batch is queued
Collection and analysis happen simultaneously
Which frameworks are commonly used for modern batch processing? Select all that apply.
Apache Spark
MapReduce
Kafka Streams
GraphQL Engines
Why is batch processing often scheduled during off-peak hours?
To increase manual oversight by operators
To minimize impact on system performance
To accelerate ad-hoc analytics requests
To guarantee immediate user-facing results
Which statement best captures the cost profile of batch processing workloads?
Costly for tasks needing immediate responses
Cost-effective when processing delays are tolerable
Expensive due to constant real-time execution
Cheaper only for interactive query workloads
Which processing paradigm prioritizes immediate user feedback with low latency?
Interactive processing with real-time responses
Batch processing with scheduled job windows
Hybrid processing with nightly data merges
Offline processing with deferred confirmations
In typical workloads, which statements about data volume are correct?
Interactive handles individual events or micro-batches
Batch targets large datasets across time periods
Interactive consistently processes terabyte-scale archives
Batch is limited to single-event transactions
Which approach usually achieves higher computational efficiency through aggregation?
Interactive per-event computation overhead
Batch processing with maximized aggregation
Stream processing with constant polling
Manual processing with user-triggered runs
Select the cost considerations most aligned with each paradigm.
Interactive often incurs medium cost due to continuous operation
Batch can be cost-effective via optimized scheduling
Interactive is always cheapest because micro-batches are small
Batch is always most expensive due to long runtimes
A system must analyze fraud signals within seconds of a transaction. Which paradigm fits best?
Interactive processing for immediate decisions
Batch processing with hourly consolidation
Archival processing with monthly reports
Manual review with next-day verification
When comparing latency between paradigms, which is accurate?
Interactive exhibits low latency for quick responses
Batch offers low latency due to pre-scheduling
Interactive has high latency to maximize throughput
Batch provides zero latency using micro-events
Which statement best describes why network file protocols are foundational in IT systems?
They enable data exchange across interconnected systems
They primarily replace local storage devices entirely
They eliminate the need for operating system services
They mainly serve as graphical interfaces for users
Which protocols are highlighted as key for file transfer and sharing in modern networks?
FTP
SFTP
TFTP
SMTP
A team needs to move configuration files quickly within a trusted LAN with minimal overhead. Which protocol aligns with this performance-focused scenario?
TFTP for lightweight, fast transfers
SFTP for encrypted, interactive sessions
NFS for user mailbox synchronization
FTP for mandatory end-to-end encryption
Which factors are emphasized as reasons file transfer protocols matter?
Security during transmission
Performance efficiency
Functionality for specific use cases
Aesthetics of user interfaces
Which statement best describes the role of an FTP client in the client-server model?
Initiates connections and requests transfer services
Hosts files and waits for inbound connections
Encrypts all data and commands by default
Balances network load across multiple servers
In FTP, what is the primary responsibility of the server?
Initiate uploads to clients automatically
Listen for connections and manage file access
Translate commands into SMTP emails
Provide end-to-end encryption for all sessions
Which concept characterizes FTP as presented?
Peer-to-peer transfer protocol
Foundational protocol for generalized file transfer
Routing protocol for inter-domain traffic
Streaming protocol for real-time media
Which flow correctly matches directions between FTP client and server?
Commands from server, data from client
Commands from client, data both directions
Data only from server to client
Commands only from client, no data flow
FTP separates which two aspects in its architecture?
User interface from server file system
Authentication from authorization checks
Control channel from data channel encryption
Transport layer from application layer routing
Which interface types can users employ to interact with FTP servers?
Command-line interfaces
Graphical user interfaces
Voice-controlled assistants
Email clients
What does the USER command specify during FTP authentication?
Current working directory path
The user's login name
Remote server hostname
Transfer mode for data
Which FTP command provides the password associated with the username?
PASS
USER
AUTH
PWD
Which command changes the current directory on the server?
CWD
PWD
MKD
RNFR
You want to see files and subdirectories in the current server directory. Which command should you use?
LIST
RETR
STOR
RMD
Which command downloads a specified file from server to client?
RETR
STOR
APPE
DELE
Which command uploads a specified file from client to server?
STOR
RETR
LIST
RNTO
Which sequence correctly represents typical FTP login steps?
USER then PASS
PASS then USER
LIST then CWD
RETR then STOR
A student claims FTP is mainly used for streaming video. What correction should you provide?
FTP is for generalized file transfer
FTP is a routing protocol
FTP is an email delivery protocol
FTP is a peer-to-peer sharing tool
In the FTP model, which side initiates the connection?
Client
Server
Router
Switch
Which pair of commands would you most likely use before transferring files?
USER
PASS
LIST
QUIT
You changed into /project on the server. Which command likely performed this action?
CWD /project
RETR /project
STOR /project
LIST /project
To verify available files after navigating directories, which command should follow CWD?
LIST
PASS
USER
STOR
Which description best captures FTP’s client-server architecture?
Client requests services, server manages access
Both peers equally serve files on demand
Routers push files using control protocols
Clients only receive unsolicited server data
Which statement best describes FTP’s dual-channel architecture?
Single TCP channel handles commands and data together
Separate control and data channels operate concurrently
Multiple UDP sockets for intermittent control signals
Encrypted control channel with unencrypted data tunnel
Which port is used by the FTP control channel for commands and authentication?
Port 20
Port 21
Port 22
Port 443
Which port typically carries the actual file payload in classic FTP?
Port 21
Port 20
Port 22
Port 25
Which description matches the role of the control channel in FTP?
Transfers bulk file data between endpoints
Handles commands, login, and directory listings
Performs encryption and key exchange for sessions
Maps passive mode sockets through NAT gateways
FTP historically prioritized which aspect over security?
Encryption fidelity over speed
Simplicity and efficiency over security
Firewall traversal over reliability
Platform independence over confidentiality
What network layer foundation does FTP rely on for transport?
UDP datagrams for faster streaming
TCP connections for reliable transfer
ICMP packets for control messages
SCTP multistreaming for file payloads
Place the authentication steps in order for a typical FTP login.
Server maps user to an OS account
Access granted based on file permissions
User provides username and password
Server verifies submitted credentials
In FTP authorization, what determines a user’s effective access rights?
Client-side application settings only
Underlying server file system permissions
The user’s IP address subnet range
Control channel throughput limits
Which statement about home directories in FTP is most accurate?
Always read-only to prevent accidental deletion
Typically full read/write access for the mapped user
Accessible only through the data channel handshake
Encrypted by default using TLS certificates
Which options commonly restrict users in FTP?
Read-only access to specific directories
Time-of-day limits enforced by TCP
Role-based mapping to OS accounts
Mandatory encryption on the control channel
Which advantage is correctly associated with FTP?
Built-in encryption ensures secure credentials
Known for fast transfer of large files
Eliminates the need for firewalls entirely
Optimized only for Linux-based platforms
Which is a notable benefit of FTP regarding platform support?
Supported by nearly all transfer applications
Limited to legacy UNIX systems only
Requires proprietary vendor clients
Works only with browser-based tools
Which characteristic reflects FTP’s flexibility?
Numerous flavors and extensions exist
Single implementation without variants
Strictly fixed feature set since 1970s
Hardcoded directory structure rules
Which limitation arises because FTP sends data and credentials in cleartext?
Firewall congestion becomes unavoidable
Lack of security exposes sensitive information
TCP routing fails under heavy load
Platform support decreases substantially
Why does FTP’s dual-channel design create firewall complexity?
Firewalls block TCP entirely by default
Separate control and data connections complicate rules
Encryption requires deep packet inspection everywhere
UDP fallback interferes with NAT state
Which scenario commonly causes problems for classic FTP in active mode?
NAT devices altering ephemeral ports
TLS offloading at reverse proxies
DNS caching inconsistencies
Bandwidth shaping on MPLS links
Which pairing correctly matches channel to primary function in FTP?
Control channel — bulk payload transfers
Data channel — commands and directory listings
Control channel — commands and authentication
Data channel — encryption and key exchange
Which statement about credentials in FTP authentication is correct?
Users supply certificates through SSH keys
Users submit a username and password
Servers infer identity from MAC addresses
Clients authenticate via browser cookies
Which security implication follows from FTP operating in plaintext?
Credentials can be sniffed during transit
TLS always protects command messages
Password hashing prevents network attacks
Control channel traffic is invisible to analyzers
Which choice best contrasts the control and data channels?
Both carry identical payload types
Control handles session metadata; data moves files
Control encrypts content; data remains cleartext
Control uses UDP; data uses TCP segments
Which statement best defines SFTP in modern IT environments?
Secure alternative to FTP using SSH
FTP add-on that enables TLS only
Legacy protocol replacing SSH entirely
Peer-to-peer file sharing standard
Which transport detail is typical for SFTP operation?
Single TCP port 22 for control and data
Dual ports 21 and 22 for channels
UDP port 69 for transfers
Random ephemeral ports exclusively
Which feature distinguishes SFTP from classic FTP regarding confidentiality?
End-to-end encryption of data and commands
Compression without encryption by default
Obfuscation via custom port ranges
Cleartext transfer with optional hashing
Select all characteristics commonly associated with SFTP.
Extension of the SSH protocol
Strong authentication mechanisms
Dual-channel control and data
Simplified firewall traversal
In the depicted client–server–tunnel model, what role does the SSH tunnel play?
Provides end-to-end encryption across the session
Allocates dual channels for separate streams
Performs NAT traversal using UDP encapsulation
Acts as a proxy that stores files persistently
Which comparison between SFTP and FTP is accurate?
SFTP encrypts transfers; FTP sends data unencrypted
SFTP uses dual connections; FTP uses single connection
SFTP requires port 21; FTP requires port 22
SFTP lacks authentication; FTP supports keys
Which statement about firewall configuration is correct for SFTP?
Single-channel architecture simplifies rules
Requires multiple port ranges opened
Depends on application-layer gateways
Needs separate data channel pinholes
Which methods contribute to strong authentication in SFTP deployments?
Public–private key cryptography support
Anonymous login as the default mode
Shared secret broadcast to all clients
Unencrypted password over control channel
Which security benefit is provided by SFTP's encryption?
Protection against interception and tampering
Guaranteed throughput above 1 Gbps
Automatic deduplication of file blocks
Elimination of server-side access controls
Choose all accurate statements about SFTP traffic handling.
Encapsulates all traffic within a single connection
Uses port 22 for both control and data
Requires out-of-band data connections
Offers less complex traversal than FTP
Which scenario benefits most directly from SFTP's security model?
Transferring patient records in healthcare
Streaming live video over multicast
Syncing public website assets via HTTP
Intra-LAN print job spooling
Which claim about FTP is correct relative to SFTP?
FTP sends data without encryption by default
FTP mandates public key authentication
FTP operates strictly on port 22
FTP encapsulates traffic in a single channel
When comparing authentication approaches, why is SFTP considered more secure than simple username/password schemes?
Supports cryptographic key-based authentication
Relies on client-side caching exclusively
Requires password reuse across services
Uses anonymous access as a baseline
Which elements form the basic SFTP communication path shown?
SFTP client endpoint
SSH tunnel providing encryption
SFTP server endpoint
Dedicated FTP data channel
A network team wants to reduce firewall complexity for secure file transfers. Which choice aligns with that goal?
Adopt SFTP single-channel on port 22
Continue using FTP dual channels
Switch to TFTP over UDP ports
Implement HTTP with basic auth
Which statement best describes Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)?
A secure, feature-rich file transfer protocol
A minimalist file transfer protocol over UDP
A stateful, connection-oriented TCP service
An encrypted management protocol for routers
On which default port does TFTP operate, and over which transport protocol?
Port 20 over TCP
Port 21 over TCP
Port 69 over UDP
Port 443 over UDP
Which scenarios are appropriate for using TFTP? Select all that apply.
Transferring sensitive medical records across the internet
Bootstrapping diskless clients using PXE
Delivering firmware updates to network devices
Sharing large multimedia files between users
Which key characteristic of TFTP impacts security the most?
Mandatory TLS with certificate pinning
Built-in user authentication methods
No authentication or encryption by default
Complex session negotiation with keys
Why is TFTP considered lightweight compared to other protocols?
It compresses data at the transport layer
It uses a simplified architecture with minimal overhead
It relies on persistent TCP sessions with flow control
It offloads encryption to application proxies
What is a recommended practice when using TFTP in production environments?
Use TFTP over public networks for convenience
Protect TFTP traffic using VPNs or IPSec tunnels
Store credentials inside TFTP configuration files
Enable TLS to secure native TFTP sessions
Which statement best defines Network File System (NFS)?
Protocol for transparent remote file access
Application for encrypting email attachments
Service for managing local printer queues
Algorithm for compressing multimedia files
What does NFS enable for users accessing files over a network?
Transparent remote file access and manipulation
Encrypted tunnels for VPN connectivity
Automatic backup to cloud storage providers
Real-time video streaming optimization
Which mechanism does NFS use for file operations between client and server?
Remote Procedure Call (RPC) mechanism
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Secure Shell interactive terminal (SSH)
Transmission Control Protocol segmentation
Which port is typically associated with NFS services?
2049 by default for NFS
443 by default for HTTPS
25 by default for SMTP
53 by default for DNS
What does stateless design in NFS imply about the server?
Server does not retain open-file state
Server persists session state per user
Server tracks file locks across reboots
Server stores client credentials locally
In NFS architecture, which components interact for operations like read, write, open, and close?
NFS client and NFS server
Web browser and proxy cache
Database client and SQL engine
Load balancer and application nodes
How do files presented via NFS typically appear to the user on a client machine?
As part of the local file system
As encrypted email attachments
As removable USB mass storage
As temporary cache-only objects
Which comparison correctly distinguishes NFS from FTP/SFTP/TFTP?
NFS provides transparent remote access; FTP variants copy files
NFS is a wireless protocol; FTP variants are wired only
NFS requires user accounts; FTP variants are anonymous only
NFS encrypts by default; FTP variants cannot encrypt
Which benefit aligns with centralized data storage using NFS?
Multiple clients access a common repository
Each client stores isolated private copies
Data remains only on local disks
Files are transferred by email attachments
What is a key advantage of application sharing via NFS?
Reduced local disk space per application
Guaranteed per-user GPU acceleration
Automatic conversion to container images
Built-in antivirus scanning of binaries
What does a consistent environment in NFS-based sharing ensure?
All users read the same up-to-date files
Each user edits isolated divergent versions
Only administrators can access shared folders
Files are always encrypted end-to-end
Which scenario exemplifies network booting with NFS?
Diskless workstations load OS from server
Smartphones sync photos to cloud albums
Printers fetch drivers over Bluetooth
Routers update firmware via TFTP
Which key benefit of NFS is highlighted for cross-platform use?
Consistent file access across platforms
Hardware-specific drivers for each model
Automatic GPU resource scheduling
Native mobile push notifications
Which statement reflects reduced storage costs when using NFS?
Shared applications avoid per-client duplication
Local caches expand on every workstation
Users copy files to each personal drive
Backups require many separate archives
Which combination of features most characterizes NFS operation?
Transparent remote access semantics
RPC-based client–server operations
Stateless server request handling
Encrypted tunnels by default
Peer-to-peer mesh topology
Which protocol provides encryption by default and supports public key authentication?
FTP with TLS extensions
SFTP over SSH
TFTP with custom keys
NFS over plain RPC
Which authentication method is typical for FTP and considered insecure in the comparison?
Kerberos tickets
OAuth tokens
Username and password in plaintext
Client certificates
Identify the protocols that commonly operate without encryption, leading to data interception risk.
FTP
SFTP
TFTP
NFS (data plane)
A team needs fast transfers for firmware updates over a simple, connectionless method. Which protocol fits best?
SFTP over SSH single-channel
FTP dual-channel TCP
TFTP using UDP stop-and-wait
NFS client-server filesystem
Which vulnerability is specifically linked to SFTP when maintenance is poor?
Man-in-the-middle by plaintext
SSH-related flaws if not updated
Unauthorized RPC access
Credential theft via clear login
Which protocols generally show higher throughput due to minimal processing and simple architecture?
TFTP
FTP
SFTP
NFS
What is the primary function of NFS compared to the file transfer protocols?
Transfer entire files end-to-end
Secure file copy with encryption
Transparent remote file access and manipulation
Boot devices using simple blocks
