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Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Worksheet (Grade 9)

Total questions: 150

Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which statement is true of chemical reactions?

a)

Reactants are on the right

b)

Products are on the right

c)

Products have fewer atoms than reactants

d)

Reactants have fewer atoms than products

2.

Which of the following equations is balanced?

a)

2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeCl3

b)

Fe + Cl2 → FeCl3

c)

3Fe + 2Cl2 → 3FeCl3

d)

Fe + 2Cl2 → 3FeCl2

3.

In the following equation, what are the products of the reaction? C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

a)

C6H12O6 and 6H2O

b)

C6H12O6 and 6O2

c)

6O2 and 6CO2

d)

6CO2 and 6H2O

4.

Complete the following chemical equation so it is balanced. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + ...........

a)

6H2O

b)

12H2O

c)

3H2O

d)

H2O

5.

What principle can be applied to all chemical reactions?

a)

conservation of mass

b)

reactants formed from products

c)

energy loss theory

d)

coefficient principle

6.

Which equation satisfies the law of conservation of matter?

a)

3O2 + 2Al → 2AlO3

b)

3O2 + 2Al → 3AlO3

c)

4O2 + Al → AlO3

d)

4O2 + 3Al → 3AlO3

7.

Why must the number and type of atoms in the reactants equal the number and type atoms in the products formed?

a)

Atoms are converted to other elements by chemical reactions.

b)

The law of conservation of mass says matter cannot be created or destroyed.

c)

Chemical processes convert between matter and energy.

d)

Energy released by an exothermic reaction must balance energy absorbed by an endothermic one

8.

Which statement is true of chemical equations?

a)

Reactants come after the arrow, products come before.

b)

Reactants and products come before the arrow.

c)

Reactants come before the arrow, products come after.

d)

Reactants and products both come after the arrow.

9.

What does the image shows?

a)

A covalent bond

b)

A physical property

c)

A chemical reaction

d)

Van der Waals forces

10.

What is the function of the enzyme-substrate complex?

a)

destroy the enzyme

b)

prevent bondage at the active site

c)

stop chemical reactions

d)

break and forming chemical bonds

11.

Which of the following is a substance that lowers the activation energy?

a)

A substrate

b)

A catalyst

c)

A reactant

d)

An anion

12.

The minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction is called ____.

a)

product threshold

b)

absorbent energy

c)

principle mass

d)

activation energy

13.

How can enzymes benefit chemical reactions, as shown in this energy diagram?

a)

lowering activation energy

b)

raising activation energy

c)

slowing reactions

d)

increasing the amount of product

14.

Which is true about enzymes?

a)

They act on nonspecific, randomly chosen substrates.

b)

After a reaction, they cannot be reused.

c)

They can speed up metabolic processes in the body.

d)

They cannot change shape

15.

What is an active site?

a)

the reactant to which an enzyme binds

b)

the specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme

c)

a molecule that acts as a biological catalyst

d)

a mixture that maintains the pH of a solution within a specific range

16.

Why is the active site of an enzyme important to enzyme activity?

a)

It raises the activation energy of a reaction.

b)

It allows the enzyme to interact with a large variety of substrates.

c)

It allows the enzyme to catalyze very specific reactions.

d)

It allows an endothermic reaction to run as an exothermic reaction.

17.

The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme is called the ____.

a)

active site

b)

enzyme-substrate complex

c)

binding point

d)

catalyst

18.

The figure below represents enzyme action. Which of the following letters represents the product.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

19.

Which one is Enzyme-substrate complex?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

20.

Which of the following is not a property of water?

a)

It is adhesive.

b)

It is cohesive.

c)

It combusts.

d)

It is a good solvent

21.

Based on the corresponding image, which of the following is a property of water that allows insects to rest on the surface of water?

a)

It is a good solvent.

b)

It combusts.

c)

It is cohesive.

d)

It is adhesive

22.

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many different substances?

a)

Cohesion

b)

Adhesion

c)

Solubility

d)

Polarity

23.

Leaves can rest on the surface of water due to the property of ____________.

a)

Cohesion

b)

Solubility

c)

Adhesion

d)

Collision

24.

Which statement is not true about pure water?

a)

It has a pH of 7.0

b)

It is composed of polar molecules

c)

It is composed of ionic bonds

d)

It is a good solvent

25.

Molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges are called ____.

a)

enzymes

b)

polar molecules

c)

substrate molecules

d)

solvents

26.

Small, lightweight insects can walk on the surface of water, as seen in the following figure: Which property of water best explains this phenomenon?

a)

High surface tension - cohesive interactions between H2O molecules.

b)

High specific heat capacity - amount of heat needed to raise the temperature.

c)

Capillary action – happens as a result of adhesion.

d)

Density of ice – less dense than liquid H2O.

27.

What are van der Waals forces?

a)

attractive forces between molecules

b)

minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction

c)

forces that bond ions together

d)

molecules that store genetic information

28.

What is a polar molecule?

a)

a molecule with oppositely charged regions

b)

a molecule that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution

c)

a large molecule formed by joining smaller molecules together

d)

a molecule that has lost or gained electrons

29.

Which of the following property helps the polar bear in the picture.

a)

Cohesion

b)

Adhesion

c)

Ice is less dense than water

d)

Ice is denser than water

30.

The __________ bond is an interaction involving a hydrogen atom of one molecule with a fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen atom from different molecule.

a)

Covalent bond

b)

Hydrogen bond

c)

Ionic bond

d)

Metallic bond

31.

Which of the following can be classified as a van der Waals force?

a)

a strong electrostatic interaction between two atoms in an ionic bond

b)

a non-polar covalent bond

c)

a weak electrostatic interaction between two polar molecules

d)

a polar covalent bond

32.

Why are intermolecular forces, such as van der Waals forces, important to biological Function?

a)

Intermolecular forces do not play a major role in biological functions.

b)

They are stronger than ionic or covalent bonds.

c)

They are easy to form and break apart, making them ideal for short-term interactions.

d)

They are easy to form and break apart, making them ideal for long-term interactions

33.

How are water molecules in a rain drop held together?

a)

attraction between positive charges

b)

attraction between negative charges

c)

van der Waals forces

d)

ionic bonds

34.

What does the image show?

a)

a homogeneous mixture

b)

a suspension

c)

a heterogeneous mixture

d)

a solution

35.

Which of these is not a characteristic of a solution?

a)

substances retain properties

b)

homogenous mixture forms

c)

there is uniform composition

d)

substances change properties

36.

How do solutes and solvents interact?

a)

solvents change the properties of solutes

b)

solvents dissolve in solutes

c)

solutes change the properties of solvents

d)

solutes dissolve in solvents

37.

................. is a homogeneous mixture that is formed by dissolving a substance in solvent.

a)

solution

b)

suspension

c)

colloid

d)

solute

38.

A beaker contains three solids- flour, sugar & baking soda. Which describes the content of the beaker?

a)

a homogeneous mixture

b)

a suspension

c)

a heterogeneous mixture

d)

a solution

39.

A(n) ................. is combination of two or more different substances in which each retains its individual characteristics.

a)

mixture

b)

compound

c)

solution

d)

element

40.

A(n) ______ is a substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH−) in water, while a(n) ______ produces hydrogen ions (H+) in water. Choose the pair that correctly fills the blanks in order.

a)

base; acid

b)

acid; base

c)

buffer; salt

d)

salt; buffer

41.

Which is a substance that produces OH− ions when it is dissolved in water?

a)

A base

b)

An acid

c)

A buffer

d)

A salt

42.

The human stomach needs to maintain a pH value between 1 and 2 in order to digest food properly. Which of the following describes the environment of the human stomach?

a)

It is acidic

b)

It is basic

c)

It is neutral

d)

It can change to be basic and acidic

43.

Biological buffers work to keep pH in your body in a range of __.

a)

7.5–8.5

b)

4.5–5.5

c)

5.5–6.5

d)

6.5–7.5

44.

Acid solutions are produced by the release of ____ ions.

a)

potassium

b)

hydrogen

c)

oxygen

d)

sodium

45.

What is a base?

a)

a substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH−) into solution

b)

a substance that quenches chemical reactions

c)

a substance that decreases pH

d)

a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) into solution

46.

Which of the following would likely have a pH greater than 7? Refer to the pH scale showing common substances from increasing acidity (battery acid, lemon juice) to increasing basicity (soapy water, household ammonia).

a)

Lemon juice

b)

Vinegar

c)

Distilled water

d)

Baking soda solution

47.

pH is a measure of the concentration of which ions in a solution?

a)

Oxygen ions

b)

Carbon ions

c)

Nitrogen ions

d)

Hydrogen ions

48.

Which statement is true based on the pH scale shown, which lists substances from increasingly acidic (battery acid, lemon juice) to increasingly basic (soapy water, household ammonia)?

a)

Seawater has a higher concentration of hydrogen than tomatoes.

b)

Tomatoes have a higher concentration of hydrogen than seawater.

c)

Blood has no hydrogen ions.

d)

Household ammonia is neutral.

49.

Which of the following is NOT a correct explanation of importance of buffers to living organisms.

a)

Buffers allow large fluctuations in the concentrations of hydrogen ions in a cell.

b)

Buffers help maintain the pH level in the cell between 6.5 and 7.5.

c)

Buffers play a role in maintaining homeostasis.

d)

Buffers maintain the proper environment for enzymatic reactions and biological processes to occur.

50.

Which of the following is NOT a biological function of lipids?

a)

cushioning and insulation

b)

precursors to the synthesis of signaling molecules

c)

store energy

d)

speeding up reactions

51.

Which of the following is attributed to lipids;

a)

Speed reaction

b)

Control cell growth

c)

Energy storage

d)

Genetic information storage

52.

Which class of macromolecules store and communicate genetic information?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

53.

Which substance is not part of a nucleotide?

a)

phosphate

b)

base

c)

water

d)

sugar

54.

Which of the following functions can be attributed to nucleic acids and nucleotides?

a)

long-term energy storage

b)

chemical signaling between cells

c)

genetic information storage and transmission

d)

barrier in biological membranes

55.

Which of the following macromolecules matches its correct role in the cell?

a)

Nucleic acid – Transport substances

b)

Lipids – Store genetic information

c)

Proteins – Speed reactions

d)

Carbohydrates – Make hormones

56.

You are analyzing a compound in a laboratory. You find that it is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. How will you classify the compound?

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipid

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acid

57.

Which of the following functions can be attributed to carbohydrates;

a)

Chemical signaling.

b)

Speed reactions

c)

Energy storage

d)

Genetic information storage

58.

Which of the following functions is/are attributed to carbohydrates;

a)

Structural support

b)

Signaling between cells

c)

Energy storage

d)

All of the above

59.

Which of the following functions is not attributed to carbohydrates;

a)

Signaling between cells.

b)

Structural support

c)

Energy storage

d)

Genetic information storage

60.

What is the ratio of carbohydrates in a monosaccharide?

a)

1 carbon: 3 hydrogen: 1 oxygen

b)

1 carbon: 2 hydrogen: 1 oxygen

c)

2 carbon: 1 hydrogen: 2 oxygen

d)

1 carbon: 2 hydrogen: 2 oxygen

61.

What is the structure shown here?

a)

elements called carbohydrates

b)

macromolecules called carbohydrates

c)

compounds called proteins

d)

macromolecules called nucleic acids

62.

What is a polymer?

a)

a molecule that speeds up biological reactions by lowering activation energy

b)

a combination of two or more different substances in which each substance keeps its individual characteristics

c)

a pure substance with unique properties, formed when two or more different elements combine

d)

a large molecule formed from smaller identical (or nearly identical) repeating units

63.

What are saturated fats?

a)

Lipids with double bonds between carbon atoms

b)

Proteins with double bonds between carbon atoms

c)

Lipids with single bonds between carbon atoms

d)

Proteins with single bonds between carbon atoms

64.

The figure shows examples of biological macromolecules. Which of the following macromolecules are responsible for energy storage.

a)

(C) & (B)

b)

(D) & (A)

c)

(C) & (D)

d)

(C) & (A)

65.

Albumin is a protein found in egg whites. Which of the following describes the chemical structure of albumin?

a)

A set of three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol

b)

A folded chain of amino acids

c)

A series of monosaccharides linked together

d)

A sequence of nucleic acids twisted into a form of a helix

66.

Which of the following joins amino acids together?

a)

metallic bonds

b)

peptide bonds

c)

van der Waals forces

d)

ionic bonds

67.

Why is the sequence of amino acids important to protein function?

a)

The sequence of amino acids doesn't have an effect.

b)

Amino acids can only be combined in a specific order, otherwise the bonds will fall apart.

c)

The order of the amino acids can be read like a code to assemble DNA.

d)

The order of amino acids determines the shape a protein will take.

68.

Which two elements are always found in amino acids?

a)

Nitrogen and sulfur

b)

Carbon and oxygen

c)

Hydrogen and phosphorus

d)

Sulfur and oxygen

69.

Which of the following compounds can be classified as a proteins?

a)

polysaccharides

b)

fatty acids

c)

enzymes

d)

nucleic acids

70.

During their mission to planet Mars, astronauts have found material that might be a cell. Which of the following must the material have to be considered a cell?

a)

The material must have a nucleus

b)

The material must have mitochondria

c)

The material must have a cell membrane

d)

The material must have chloroplasts

71.

Which kind of cell is shown in the figure below?

a)

Animal cell

b)

Plant cell

c)

Eukaryotic cell

d)

Prokaryotic cell

72.

What are the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Select all that apply.

a)

nucleus

b)

plasma membrane

c)

DNA

d)

organelles

e)

ribosomes

73.

Why do many scientists think that prokaryotes are similar to the first organisms on Earth?

a)

Prokaryote cells have a nucleus.

b)

The first organisms were all plantlike.

c)

Prokaryote cells have no nucleus.

d)

They have membrane-bound organelles.

74.

Identify the given organism

a)

This organism is eukaryotic, because it has multiple flagellum.

b)

This organism is prokaryotic, because it does not contain membrane-bound organelles.

c)

This organism is eukaryotic, because it has a cell membrane.

d)

This organism is prokaryotic, because it has ribosomes.

75.

In which structure would you find a nucleus?

a)

bacterial cell

b)

plant cell

c)

prokaryote

d)

virus

76.

How is the plasma membrane of a cell organized?

a)

one layer of phospholipids, through which proteins freely move

b)

one layer of phospholipids, which are laid out end-to-end, with a hydrophobic tail touching a hydrophilic head

c)

two layers of phospholipids, each of which has its hydrophilic side turned inward

d)

two layers of phospholipids, with their polar hydrophilic heads facing away from each other

77.

Which macromolecule is responsible for the formation of the plasma membrane bilayer? Use the figure below to answer.

a)

Lipids

b)

Carbohydrates

c)

Nucleic acids

d)

Proteins

78.

A ____ contains polar and nonpolar ends, forming the plasma membrane.

a)

Microtubule

b)

transport protein

c)

cytoskeleton

d)

phospholipid bilayer

79.

The picture shows a phospholipid bilayer. What crucial functions do the nonpolar tails of the phospholipids have.

a)

speed chemical reactions with enzymes

b)

keep water-soluble substances from passing easily into the cell

c)

allow water-soluble substances to pass easily into the cell

d)

help encode genetic material

80.

Use the illustration showing the phospholipid bilayer of the cellular membrane to answer: Which is the effect of having the polar and nonpolar ends of phospholipid molecules?

a)

It allows transport proteins to move easily through the membrane

b)

It helps the cell to maintain its characteristic shape

c)

It makes more room inside the phospholipid bilayer

d)

It controls the movement of substances across the membrane

81.

Which one is the best representation of the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane? Choose the diagram that correctly shows polar heads facing the water on both sides and nonpolar tails oriented inward.

a)

first image

b)

second image

c)

third image

d)

fourth image

82.

Which cellular structure helps control what enters and leaves the cell?

a)

cytoplasm

b)

cytoskeleton

c)

plasma membrane

d)

nucleus

83.

Which number in the illustration represents the location where you would expect to find water-insoluble substances?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

84.

The image shows the structure of the phospholipid bilayer. Each component of the bilayer has an important role in supporting cellular activities. What is the importance of cholesterol in this case?

a)

It contributes to the fluidity of the plasma membrane by preventing the fatty acid tails of the phospholipid bilayer from sticking together.

b)

It gives the cell its shape by anchoring to the cell’s inner support structure.

c)

It defines the cell’s characteristics and helps cells identify chemical signals.

d)

It moves needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane.

85.

Which of the following represents the structures (1) and (2) shown in the figure?

a)

Vitamin chain and membrane protein

b)

Nonpolar tails and membrane protein

c)

Cilia and transport protein

d)

Carbohydrate chain and membrane protein

86.

Which of the following represents the transport protein in the plasma membrane.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

87.

Which of the following represents the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane (use the above image).

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

88.

_____ is a property of the plasma membrane that allows it to control what enters and leaves the cell.

a)

selective permeability

b)

diffusion

c)

homeostasis

d)

fluid mosaic model

89.

The plasma membrane has certain functions that help maintain the homeostasis of a cell. i. It provides protection to the cell by prohibiting the entry of toxic or unwanted substances. ii. The partially permeable nature of the membrane only allows specific ions and molecules to enter the cell. iii. It prevents the exit of important or useful substances. Which of these functions supports this claim?

a)

i and ii only

b)

i and iii only

c)

ii and iii only

d)

i, ii, iii

90.

In the figure, the fish net selectively captures fish while allowing water and other debris to pass through. Which of the following works similarly?

a)

The plasma membrane

b)

The cytoplasm

c)

The cytoskeleton

d)

The nucleolus

91.

What characteristic of the plasma membrane is illustrated in this drawing showing specific substances moving into and out of the cell?

a)

selective permeability

b)

phospholipid bilayer

c)

fluid mosaic construction

d)

impermeability to water

92.

What is the definition of selective permeability?

a)

It is the property of the plasma membrane that allows it to control movement of substances into or out of the cell.

b)

It moves needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane.

c)

It is the process of maintaining balance in an organism’s internal environment.

d)

It is layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside.

93.

Why is the phospholipid bilayer critical to cell function?

a)

It forms a shell around the cell nucleus.

b)

Phospholipids allow water-soluble substances to pass easily into the cell.

c)

Transport proteins are blocked from entering plasma membrane.

d)

Arrangement of phospholipids enables selective permeability.

94.

What is the function of a selectively permeable membrane?

a)

provides alternative to phospholipid bilayer

b)

prevents transport proteins from harming cell

c)

controls what enters and leaves cell

d)

blocks all water from entering cell

95.

What critical function does cholesterol serve in the body?

a)

destroys the plasma membrane

b)

binds fatty acid tails to water

c)

disrupts homeostasis

d)

increases fluidity of plasma membrane

96.

Materials can cross the plasma membrane through tunnels created by _____.

a)

organelles

b)

transport proteins

c)

water molecules

d)

glucose molecules

97.

The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called

a)

Diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Active transport

d)

Exocytosis

98.

Which of the following is not a main factor that affects the rate of diffusion?

a)

conductivity

b)

temperature

c)

pressure

d)

concentration

99.

A molecule needs to enter into the cell but cannot go through the plasma membrane because of its polarity. However, the molecule can bind to a protein and the protein changes shape to allow the particle to move through the membrane.

a)

carrier

b)

receptor

c)

channel

d)

motor

100.

A molecule that is important for cell functioning cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane, but needs a protein that can open and close to allow the molecule to diffuse. What is this protein called?

a)

motor protein

b)

channel protein

c)

receptor protein

d)

carrier protein

101.

What moves needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane?

a)

transport proteins

b)

polar heads

c)

DNA

d)

water molecules

102.

What describes transport proteins moving molecules across the plasma membrane?

a)

Diffusion

b)

dynamic equilibrium

c)

facilitated diffusion

d)

osmosis

103.

Which of the following indicates the process shown in the figure below.

a)

Diffusion

b)

Exocytosis

c)

Facilitated diffusion

d)

Active transport

104.

The condition of continuous, random movement of particles but no overall change in concentration of materials is called

a)

dynamic equilibrium

b)

facilitated diffusion

c)

osmosis

d)

selective permeability

105.

The spread of a drop of food dye throughout a glass of milk is called

a)

diffusion

b)

osmosis

c)

endocytosis

d)

exocytosis

106.

Which of these describes continuous particle movement with no overall change in concentration?

a)

selective permeability

b)

facilitated diffusion

c)

osmosis

d)

dynamic equilibrium

107.

Diffusion occurs when there is a net movement of particles from an area of

a)

higher to lower concentration

b)

lower to higher concentration

c)

equal to equal concentration

d)

variable to constant concentration

108.

Predict how oxygen crosses the plasma membrane if the concentration of oxygen is lower inside the cell than it is outside the cell.

a)

Oxygen enters the cell through channel proteins.

b)

Oxygen leaves the cell through channel proteins.

c)

Oxygen enters the cell through the plasma membrane.

d)

Oxygen leaves the cell through the plasma membrane.

109.

What is the term that describes the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

a)

Osmosis

b)

Diffusion

c)

Active transport

d)

Exocytosis

110.

The picture shows the movement of ink molecules in water. Which of the following processes has occurred?

a)

endocytosis

b)

osmosis

c)

diffusion

d)

exocytosis

111.

Which type of solution could cause an animal cell to burst like the picture below?

a)

Hypotonic

b)

Isotonic

c)

Hypertonic

d)

No one of these

112.

The figure below shows an animal cell after being placed in a specific solution. Based on the figure, which of the following describes this solution?

a)

Hypotonic

b)

Isotonic

c)

Osmotic pressure

d)

Hypertonic

113.

The diagram above represents a cell in water. Explain why more water is moving out of the cell than into the cell.

a)

The concentration of solute in the cell is higher than it is outside the cell.

b)

The concentration of water outside the cell is too great.

c)

The concentration of solute outside the cell is higher than it is inside the cell.

d)

The concentration of solute outside and inside are the same.

114.

Which of the following solution would allow cells to retain their normal shapes?

a)

Hypotonic

b)

Isotonic

c)

Hypertonic

d)

When the concentration inside the cell is lower

115.

The animal cells below were placed in a hypotonic solution. What happened to the damaged cell?

a)

Osmosis was prevented in the cell.

b)

Osmosis caused the cell to shrivel.

c)

Osmotic pressure caused the cell to rupture.

d)

The cell was damaged by bacteria.

116.

The figure below shows a blood cell placed in a solution. Which of the following is the solution used?

a)

Hypotonic

b)

Isotonic

c)

Hypertonic

d)

Osmosis

117.

What type of solution is this cell in? What would be the net movement of water?

a)

Hypotonic, out of the cell

b)

Hypertonic, out of the cell

c)

Hypotonic, into the cell

d)

Hypertonic, into the cell

118.

The figure below shows a group of cells placed in solutions of different concentrations. Which of the following refers to cells in a highly concentrated solution.

a)

(C), (D)

b)

(C), (B)

c)

(D), (A)

d)

(A), (C)

119.

The figure below shows a group of cells placed in solutions of different concentrations. Which of the following refers to cells in a low concentrated solution?

a)

(C), (D)

b)

(B), (D)

c)

(D), (A)

d)

(C), (A)

120.

A pump located in a cell's plasma membrane transports sodium and ..........

a)

potassium

b)

calcium

c)

chloride

d)

hydrogen

121.

Which type of transport requires energy input in the cell.

a)

Osmosis

b)

Simple diffusion

c)

Facilitated diffusion

d)

Active transport

122.

How do carrier proteins facilitate active transport?

a)

block the plasma membrane

b)

move substances against a concentration gradient

c)

prevent homeostasis

d)

create an isotonic solution

123.

Why can sugar enter the cell through the coupled channel?

a)

Because sugar is smaller than Na+

b)

Because Na+ moves down its gradient, carrying sugar with it

c)

Because ATP directly binds to sugar

d)

Because sugar naturally diffuses faster

124.

Some cells use elaborate pumping systems, such as the Na+/K+ ATPase pump shown below. Which of the following shows how this pump works to maintain the level of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) inside and outside the cell?

a)

Transports 2 Na+ out of the cell and moves 3 K+ into the cell

b)

Transports 3 Na+ into the cell and moves 2 K+ out of the cell

c)

Transports 3 Na+ out of the cell and moves 2 K+ into the cell

d)

Transports 2 Na+ into the cell and moves 3 K+ out of the cell

125.

The graph below describes the relationship between the amount of glucose entering a cell and the rate at which the glucose enters the cell with the help of carrier proteins. The graph line shows that as the amount of glucose increases, the diffusion rate increases until a maximum rate is reached. Which of the following is the correct reason for the stability of diffusion rate when high amounts of glucose are reached?

a)

Because there is no more carrier proteins to transport the glucose

b)

Because the cell is unable to produce more energy required for diffusion

c)

Because the cell cannot handle more glucose

d)

Because the carrier proteins change their shapes

126.

Which best explains the phrase “piggy-back their way into a cell,” as shown in the figure caption?

a)

Sugar uses ATP directly

b)

Sugar attaches to Na+ and enters through a protein channel

c)

Sugar dissolves in the membrane

d)

Sugar moves only when K+ leaves the cell

127.

Different transport processes are used by organisms to carry materials into and out of their cells. Which transport mechanism is shown in the diagram above?

a)

Exocytosis: bulk transport in which materials are transported out of the cell

b)

Facilitated diffusion: molecules moving along their concentration gradient with the help of transport proteins

c)

Endocytosis: bulk transport in which materials move into the cell

d)

Passive transport: molecules simply move along their concentration gradient

128.

Which method of cellular transport can you see in the picture below?

a)

Facilitative diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Exocytosis

d)

Endocytosis

129.

Which method of cellular transport can you see in the picture below?

a)

Facilitative diffusion

b)

Osmosis

c)

Exocytosis

d)

Endocytosis

130.

What is a significant difference of endocytosis and exocytosis?

a)

Exocytosis does not require energy input

b)

Endocytosis does not involve waste secretion

c)

Endocytosis does not require energy input

d)

Exocytosis does not maintain homeostasis

131.

Which of the following is not true of exocytosis?

a)

results in hormone secretion

b)

does not require energy input

c)

allows waste matter to be expelled

d)

occurs at the plasma membrane

132.

The ___ is a network of fibers that form a framework and anchor organelles

a)

endoplasmic reticulum

b)

cytoplasm

c)

cytoskeleton

d)

golgi apparatus

133.

What is the main function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

a)

To store genetic information

b)

To act as a supporting network of protein fibers

c)

To produce ATP

d)

To transport oxygen

134.

Which component of the cytoskeleton helps give the cell its shape?

a)

Ribosomes

b)

Microtubules

c)

Microfilaments

d)

Lysosomes

135.

Microfilaments help the cell by:

a)

Moving substances inside the nucleus

b)

Helping in movement of the entire cell or its parts

c)

Producing proteins

d)

Storing minerals

136.

A scientist observes a cell that cannot divide properly. Which cytoskeleton structure is MOST likely malfunctioning?

a)

Microfilaments, because they store energy

b)

Microtubules, because they form spindle fibers

c)

Cell membrane, because it regulates materials

d)

Lysosomes, because they digest waste

137.

Which cytoskeleton component is responsible for moving substances within the cell?

a)

Microtubules

b)

Microfilaments

c)

Centrioles only

d)

Golgi bodies

138.

Which is not a component of the cytoskeleton?

a)

Microtubule

b)

Microfilament

c)

Centriole

d)

Cell wall

139.

The semifluid environment inside the plasma membrane is called..

a)

endoplasmic reticulum

b)

microtubules

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

mitochondria

140.

Which of the following is the main component of the cell wall in prokaryotes (bacteria)?

a)

Cellulose

b)

Chitin

c)

Peptidoglycan

d)

Lignin

141.

The primary function of the cell wall in both prokaryotes and eukaryotic plants is:

a)

Controlling cell division

b)

Providing support and protection

c)

Producing energy

d)

Transporting proteins

142.

A researcher wants to identify whether an unknown cell is bacterial, fungal, or plant. Which test would be MOST useful?

a)

Check for the presence of mitochondria

b)

Check what the cell wall is made of

c)

Check the size of ribosomes

d)

Check for photosynthesis

143.

Which group of organisms has a cell wall made of cellulose?

a)

Animals

b)

Plants

c)

Fungi

d)

Archaea

144.

Ribosomes are produced in the ........ and produce proteins in the...

a)

nucleolus; cytoplasm

b)

nucleus; Golgi apparatus

c)

mitochondria; cytoplasm

d)

nucleolus; nucleus

145.

Which of the following is a function of the RER?

a)

Detoxifying harmful chemicals

b)

Producing proteins for secretion

c)

Breaking down waste

d)

Storing water

146.

Which is the site of protein synthesis?

a)

Nuclear pore

b)

Nucleolus

c)

Chromatin

d)

Endoplasmic reticulum

147.

The main function of the Smooth ER is:

a)

Protein synthesis

b)

Detoxification and lipid synthesis

c)

ATP production

d)

DNA replication

148.

Which organelle produces protein for a cell?

a)

ribosome

b)

nucleus

c)

endoplasmic reticulum

d)

Golgi apparatus

149.

What is the function of the smooth ER?

a)

A variety of complex carbohydrates and lipids are synthesized.

b)

Proteins are synthesized and produced.

c)

It surrounds the nucleus with a double membrane.

d)

Carbohydrates, lipids, and other substances are consumed.

150.

What structure synthesizes proteins that will be used by the cell?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleolus

c)

Chromatin

d)

Endoplasmic reticulum