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Summative Test_CVP Analysis

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 3hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

CVP analysis can be used to study the effect of:

a)

changes in selling prices on a company's profitability.

b)

changes in variable costs on a company's profitability.

c)

changes in fixed costs on a company's profitability.

d)

changes in product sales mix on a company's profitability.

e)

all of the above.

2.

The break-even point is that level of activity where:

a)

total revenue equals total cost.

b)

variable cost equals fixed cost.

c)

total contribution margin equals the sum of variable cost plus fixed cost.

d)

sales revenue equals total variable cost.

e)

profit is greater than zero.

3.

The unit contribution margin is calculated as the difference between:

a)

selling price and fixed cost per unit

b)

selling price and variable cost per unit

c)

selling price and product cost per unit

d)

fixed cost per unit and variable cost per unit

e)

fixed cost per unit and product cost per unit

4.

Which of the following would produce the largest increase in the contribution margin per unit?

a)

A 7% increase in selling price

b)

A 15% decrease in selling price

c)

A 14% increase in variable cost

d)

A 17% decrease in fixed cost

e)

A 23% increase in the number of units sold

5.

Which of the following would take place if a company were able to reduce its variable cost per unit? Contribution margin / Break-even point:

a)

Increase / Increase

b)

Increase / Decrease

c)

Decrease / Increase

d)

Decrease / Decrease

e)

Increase / No effect

6.

Which of the following would take place if a company experienced an increase in fixed costs?

a)

Net income would increase

b)

The break-even point would increase

c)

The contribution margin would increase

d)

The contribution margin would decrease

e)

More than one of the above events would occur

7.

Assuming no change in sales volume, an increase in a firm's per-unit contribution margin would:

a)

increase net income

b)

decrease net income

c)

have no effect on net income

d)

increase fixed costs

e)

decrease fixed costs

8.

A company that desires to lower its break-even point should strive to:

a)

decrease selling prices

b)

reduce variable costs

c)

increase fixed costs

d)

sell more units

e)

pursue more than one of the above actions

9.

A company has fixed costs of P900P900 and a per-unit contribution margin of P3P3 . Which of the following statements is (are) true?

a)

Each unit "contributes" P3P3 toward covering the fixed costs of P900P900 .

b)

The situation described is not possible and there must be an error.

c)

Once the break-even point is reached; the company will make money at the rate of P3P3 per unit.

d)

The firm will definitely lose money in this situation.

e)

Statements "A" and "C" are true.

10.

Sanderson sells a single product for P50P50 that has a variable cost of P30P30 . Fixed costs amount to P5P5 per unit when anticipated sales targets are met. If the company sells one unit in excess of its break-even volume, the bottom-line profit will be:

a)

P15P15

b)

P20P20

c)

P50P50

d)

answer not given

11.

At a volume of 15,000 units, Boston reported sales revenues of P600,000P600{,}000 , variable costs of P225,000P225{,}000 , and fixed costs of P120,000P120{,}000 . The company's contribution margin per unit is:

a)

P17P17

b)

P25P25

c)

P47P47

d)

P55P55

12.

A recent income statement of Fox Corporation reported the following data: Sales revenue P 3,600,000 Variable costs 1,600,000 Fixed costs 1,000,000 If these data are based on the sale of 10,000 units, the break-even point would be:

a)

2,000 units

b)

2,778 units

c)

3,600 units

d)

5,000 units

13.

A recent income statement of Yale Corporation reported the following data: Sales revenue P 2,500,000 Variable costs 1,500,000 Fixed costs 800,000 If these data are based on the sale of 5,000 units, the break-even sales would be:

a)

P2,000,000

b)

P2,206,000

c)

P2,500,000

d)

P10,000,000

14.

Orion recently reported sales revenues of P800,000, a total contribution margin of P300,000, and fixed costs of P180,000. If sales volume amounted to 10,000 units, the company's variable cost per unit must have been:

a)

P12

b)

P32

c)

P50

d)

P92

15.

Strand has a break-even point of 120,000 units. If the firm's sole product sells for P40 and fixed costs total P480,000, the variable cost per unit must be:

a)

P4

b)

P36

c)

P44

d)

cannot be derived

16.

Ribco Co., makes and sells only one product. The unit contribution margin is P6 and the break-even point in unit sales is 24,000. The company's fixed costs are:

a)

P4,000

b)

P14,400

c)

P40,000

d)

P144,000

17.

The contribution-margin ratio is:

a)

the difference between the selling price and the variable cost per unit

b)

fixed cost per unit divided by variable cost per unit

c)

variable cost per unit divided by the selling price

d)

unit contribution margin divided by the selling price

e)

unit contribution margin divided by fixed cost per unit

18.

At a volume level of 500,000 units, Sullivan reported the following information: Sales price per unit P 60 Variable cost per unit 20 Fixed cost per unit 4 The company's contribution-margin ratio is:

a)

0.33

b)

0.40

c)

0.60

d)

0.67

19.

Which of the following expressions can be used to calculate the break-even point with the contribution-margin ratio (CMR)?

a)

CMR × fixed costs

b)

CMR ÷ fixed costs

c)

Fixed costs ÷ CMR

d)

(Fixed costs + variable costs) × CMR

e)

(Sales revenue - variable costs) ÷ CMR

20.

A recent income statement of Oslo Corporation reported the following data: Units sold 8,000; Sales revenue P7,200,000; Variable costs P4,000,000; Fixed costs P1,600,000. If the company desired to earn a target net profit of P480,000, it would have to sell how many units?

a)

1,200 units

b)

2,800 units

c)

4,000 units

d)

5,200 units

21.

Yellow, Inc., sells a single product for P10. Variable costs are P4 per unit and fixed costs total P120,000 at a volume level of 10,000 units. What dollar sales level would Yellow have to achieve to earn a target net profit of P240,000?

a)

P400,000

b)

P500,000

c)

P600,000

d)

P750,000

22.

Archie sells a single product for P50. Variable costs are 60% of the selling price, and the company has fixed costs that amount to P400,000. Current sales total 16,000 units. Archie will break-even by selling how many units?

a)

8,000 units

b)

13,333 units

c)

20,000 units

d)

1,000,000 units

23.

Archie sells a single product for P50. Variable costs are 60% of the selling price, and the company has fixed costs that amount to P400,000. Current sales total 16,000 units. Each unit that the company sells will do what to overall profitability?

a)

Increase overall profitability by P20

b)

Increase overall profitability by P30

c)

Decrease overall profitability by P50

d)

Increase overall profitability by some other amount

24.

Archie sells a single product for P50. Variable costs are 60% of the selling price, and the company has fixed costs that amount to P400,000. Current sales total 16,000 units. In order to produce a target profit of P22,000, Archie's dollar sales must total how much?

a)

P8,440

b)

P21,100

c)

P1,000,000

d)

P1,055,000

25.

The difference between budgeted sales revenue and break-even sales revenue is the:

a)

contribution margin

b)

contribution margin ratio

c)

safety margin

d)

target net profit

e)

operating leverage

26.

Maxie's budget for the upcoming year revealed the following figures: Sales revenue P840,000; Contribution margin P504,000; Net income P54,000. If the company's break-even sales total P750,000, Maxie's safety margin would be:

a)

P90,000

b)

P90,000

c)

P246,000

d)

P336,000

27.

Dana sells a single product at P20 per unit. The firm's most recent income statement revealed unit sales of 100,000, variable costs of P800,000, and fixed costs of P400,000. If a P4 drop in selling price will boost unit sales volume by 20%, the company will experience which of the following?

a)

No change in profit because a 20% drop in sales price is balanced by a 20% increase in volume

b)

An P80,000 drop in profitability

c)

A P240,000 drop in profitability

d)

A P400,000 drop in profitability

e)

A change in profitability other than those above

28.

Grimes is studying the profitability of a change in operation and has gathered the following information: Current operation—Fixed costs P38,000; Selling price P16; Variable cost P10; Sales (units) 9,000. Anticipated operation—Fixed costs P48,000; Selling price P22; Variable cost P12; Sales (units) 6,000. Should Grimes make the change?

a)

Yes, the company will be better off by P6,000.

b)

No, because sales will drop by 3,000 units.

c)

No, because the company will be worse off by P4,000.

d)

No, because the company will be worse off by P22,000.

29.

Gleason sells a single product at P14 per unit. The firm's most recent income statement revealed unit sales of 80,000, variable costs of P800,000, and fixed costs of P560,000. Management believes that a P3 drop in selling price will boost unit sales volume by 20%. Which of the following correctly depicts how these two changes will affect the company's break-even point? Drop in Sales Price / Increase in Sales Volume

a)

Increase / Increase

b)

Increase / Decrease

c)

Increase / No effect

d)

Decrease / Increase

e)

Decrease / Decrease

30.

All other things being equal, a company that sells multiple products should attempt to structure its sales mix so the greatest portion of the mix is composed of those products with the highest:

a)

selling price

b)

variable cost

c)

contribution margin

d)

fixed cost

e)

gross margin

31.

O'Dell sells three products: R, S, and T. Budgeted information for the upcoming accounting period follows: Product R—Sales Volume 16,000 units, Selling Price P14, Variable Cost P9; Product S—Sales Volume 12,000 units, Selling Price P10, Variable Cost P6; Product T—Sales Volume 52,000 units, Selling Price P11, Variable Cost P8. The company's weighted-average unit contribution margin is:

a)

P3.00

b)

P3.55

c)

P4.00

d)

P19.35

32.

Wells Corporation has the following sales mix for its three products: A, 20%; B, 35%; and C, 45%. Fixed costs total P400,000 and the weighted-average contribution margin is P100. How many units of product A must be sold to break-even?

a)

800

b)

4,000

c)

20,000

d)

Answer not given

33.

Use the following to answer the next items: Lamar & Co. makes and sells two types of shoes, Plain and Fancy. Data concerning these products are as follows: Unit selling price—Plain P20.00, Fancy P35.00; Variable cost per unit—Plain P12.00, Fancy P24.50. Sixty percent of the unit sales are Plain, and annual fixed expenses are P45,000. The weighted-average unit contribution margin is:

a)

P4.80

b)

P9.00

c)

P9.25

d)

P17.00

34.

Use the following to answer the next items: Lamar & Co. makes and sells two types of shoes, Plain and Fancy. Data: Unit selling price—Plain P20.00, Fancy P35.00; Variable cost per unit—Plain P12.00, Fancy P24.50. Sixty percent of the unit sales are Plain, and annual fixed expenses are P45,000. Assuming that the sales mix remains constant, the total number of units that the company must sell to break even is:

a)

2,432

b)

2,647

c)

4,737

d)

5,000

35.

Use the following to answer the next items: Lamar & Co. makes and sells two types of shoes, Plain and Fancy. Data: Unit selling price—Plain P20.00, Fancy P35.00; Variable cost per unit—Plain P12.00, Fancy P24.50. Sixty percent of the unit sales are Plain, and annual fixed expenses are P45,000. Assuming that the sales mix remains constant, the number of units of Plain that the company must sell to break even is:

a)

2,000

b)

3,000

c)

3,375

d)

5,000

36.

Use the following to answer the next items: Lamar & Co. makes and sells two types of shoes, Plain and Fancy. Data: Unit selling price—Plain P20.00, Fancy P35.00; Variable cost per unit—Plain P12.00, Fancy P24.50. Sixty percent of the unit sales are Plain, and annual fixed expenses are P45,000. Assuming that the sales mix remains constant, the number of units of Fancy that the company must sell to break even is:

a)

2,000

b)

3,000

c)

3,375

d)

5,000

37.

Cost-volume-profit analysis is based on certain general assumptions. Which of the following is not one of these assumptions?

a)

Product prices will remain constant as volume varies within the relevant range.

b)

Costs can be categorized as fixed, variable, or semi-variable.

c)

The efficiency and productivity of the production process and workers will change to reflect manufacturing advances.

d)

Total fixed costs remain constant as activity changes.

e)

Unit variable cost remains constant as activity changes.

38.

The assumptions on which cost-volume-profit analysis is based appear to be most valid for businesses:

a)

over the short run

b)

over the long run

c)

over both the short run and the long run

d)

in periods of sustained profits

e)

in periods of increasing sales

39.

The contribution income statement differs from the traditional income statement in which of the following ways?

a)

The traditional income statement separates costs into fixed and variable components.

b)

The traditional income statement subtracts all variable costs from sales to obtain the contribution margin.

c)

Cost-volume-profit relationships can be analyzed more easily from the contribution income statement.

d)

The effect of sales volume changes on profit is readily apparent on the traditional income statement.

e)

The contribution income statement separates costs into product and period categories.

40.

Which of the following does not typically appear on an income statement prepared by using a traditional format?

a)

Cost of goods sold

b)

Contribution margin

c)

Selling expenses

d)

Administrative expenses

41.

The extent to which an organization uses fixed costs in its cost structure is measured by:

a)

financial leverage

b)

operating leverage

c)

fixed cost leverage

d)

efficiency leverage

42.

A manager who wants to determine the percentage impact on net income of a given percentage change in sales would multiply the percentage increase/decrease in sales revenue by the:

a)

contribution margin

b)

gross margin

c)

operating leverage factor

d)

safety margin

e)

contribution-margin ratio

43.

Which of the following calculations can be used to measure a company's degree of operating leverage?

a)

Contribution margin ÷ sales

b)

Contribution margin ÷ net income

c)

Sales ÷ contribution margin

d)

Sales ÷ net income

e)

Sales ÷ fixed costs

44.

You are analyzing Becker Corporation and Newton Corporation and have concluded that Becker has a higher operating leverage factor than Newton. Which one of the following choices correctly depicts (1) the relative use of fixed costs (as opposed to variable costs) for the two companies and (2) the percentage change in income caused by a change in sales?

a)

Greater for Becker; Greater for Becker

b)

Greater for Becker; Lower for Becker

c)

Greater for Becker; Equal for both

d)

Lower for Becker; Greater for Becker

e)

Lower for Becker; Lower for Becker

45.

The following information relates to Day Company: Sales revenue P 12,000,000P\ 12{,}000{,}000 ; Contribution margin 4,800,0004{,}800{,}000 ; Net income 800,000800{,}000 . Day's operating leverage factor is:

a)

0.067

b)

0.167

c)

0.400

d)

6.000

46.

Use the following to answer this question: Edco Company produced and sold 45,000 units of a single product last year, with the following results: Sales revenue P 1,350,000. Manufacturing costs—Variable 585,000; Fixed 270,000. Selling costs—Variable 40,500; Fixed 54,000. Administrative costs—Variable 184,500; Fixed 108,000. Edco's operating leverage factor was:

a)

4

b)

5

c)

6

d)

7

47.

Use the following to answer this question: Edco Company produced and sold 45,000 units of a single product last year, with the following results: Sales revenue P 1,350,000. Manufacturing costs—Variable 585,000; Fixed 270,000. Selling costs—Variable 40,500; Fixed 54,000. Administrative costs—Variable 184,500; Fixed 108,000. If Edco's sales revenues increase 15%, what will be the percentage increase in income before income taxes?

a)

15%

b)

45%

c)

60%

d)

75%

48.

When advanced manufacturing systems are installed, what effect does such installation usually have on fixed costs and the break-even point?

a)

Fixed costs increase; break-even point increases

b)

Fixed costs increase; break-even point decreases

c)

Fixed costs decrease; break-even point increases

d)

Fixed costs decrease; break-even point decreases

e)

Fixed costs do not change; break-even point does not change

49.

A company, subject to a 40% tax rate, desires to earn P500,000 of after-tax income. How much should the firm add to fixed costs when figuring the sales revenues necessary to produce this income level?

a)

P200,000

b)

P300,000

c)

P500,000

d)

P833,333

50.

Barney, Inc., is subject to a 40% income tax rate. The following data pertain to the period just ended when the company produced and sold 45,000 units: Sales revenue P 1,350,000; Variable costs 810,000; Fixed costs 432,000. How many units must Barney sell to earn an after-tax profit of P180,000?

a)

42,000

b)

45,000

c)

51,000

d)

61,000