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Page 1

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 25mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Antimicrobial resistance means:

a)

Increased drug absorption

b)

Microorganisms become insensitive to a drug

c)

Patient becomes resistant

d)

Drug becomes more potent

2.

The most common cause of AMR is:

a)

Proper antibiotic use

b)

Overuse and misuse of antibiotics

c)

Drinking cold water

d)

Using probiotics

3.

Which organism is known for MRSA resistance?

a)

E. coli

b)

S. aureus

c)

Pseudomonas

d)

Klebsiella

4.

MRSA resistance is mainly due to:

a)

Efflux pump

b)

Altered PBP (PBP2a)

c)

Enzyme inhibition

d)

Cell wall removal

5.

β-lactamase enzymes cause resistance to:

a)

Tetracyclines

b)

Penicillins

c)

Amphotericin

d)

Rifampicin

6.

ESBL-producing bacteria inactivate:

a)

Carbapenems

b)

3rd-generation cephalosporins

c)

Macrolides

d)

Aminoglycosides

7.

NDM-1 gene causes resistance to:

a)

Penicillin

b)

Carbapenems

c)

Vancomycin

d)

Macrolides

8.

Vancomycin resistance in Enterococci occurs due to:

a)

Altered D-Ala-D-Ala to D-Ala-D-Lac

b)

Efflux pump

c)

Enzyme destruction

d)

Biofilm formation

9.

Tetracycline resistance commonly involves:

a)

Altered ribosomal binding

b)

DNA gyrase mutation

c)

Cell wall thickening

d)

Capsule formation

10.

Fluoroquinolone resistance occurs due to mutation in:

a)

Efflux pump only

b)

Porin loss

c)

DNA gyrase (gyrA)

d)

PBPs

11.

Aminoglycoside resistance mainly due to:

a)

Enzyme phosphorylation/acetylation

b)

Beta-lactamase

c)

Biofilm

d)

Capsule

12.

A major cause of hospital-acquired AMR is:

a)

Hand hygiene compliance

b)

Poor infection control practices

c)

Short hospital stay

d)

Vaccination

13.

Which of the following promotes AMR?

a)

Completing antibiotic course

b)

Using antibiotics for viral infections

c)

Proper dosing

d)

Culture sensitivity testing

14.

Antibiotic stewardship aims to:

a)

Increase antibiotic sales

b)

Prevent infection

c)

Optimize antibiotic use and prevent AMR

d)

Make new antibiotics

15.

Which class is most affected by efflux pumps?

a)

Macrolides & tetracyclines

b)

β-lactams

c)

Polypeptides

d)

Azoles

16.

Biofilm-related resistance is typical in:

a)

MRSA

b)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

c)

Streptococcus pyogenes

d)

Salmonella

17.

Which organism is known for multidrug resistance?

a)

S. pneumoniae

b)

P. aeruginosa

c)

Shigella

d)

Vibrio cholera

18.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae mechanism:

a)

Altered ribosomes

b)

Carbapenemase production

c)

Folate inhibition

d)

Porin opening

19.

“Superbugs” refer to:

a)

Highly virulent viruses

b)

Bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics

c)

Fungi causing outbreaks

d)

Genetically modified bacteria

20.

Rifampicin resistance is due to mutation in:

a)

rpoB gene

b)

gyrA gene

c)

mecA gene

d)

vanA gene

21.

Macrolide resistance is due to:

a)

Methylation of 23S rRNA

b)

Porin loss

c)

DNA repair issues

d)

Thick cell wall

22.

Overuse of which drug in poultry contributes to human AMR?

a)

Vancomycin

b)

Colistin

c)

Paracetamol

d)

Amphotericin

23.

WHO labels highest priority pathogens as:

a)

Priority infections

b)

Critical priority pathogens

c)

Common infections

d)

Vaccine-preventable

24.

Which is a last-resort antibiotic?

a)

Amoxicillin

b)

Azithromycin

c)

Colistin

d)

Ceftazidime

25.

Misuse of fixed-dose antibiotic combinations leads to:

a)

Reduced resistance

b)

Increased AMR

c)

Better cure

d)

Narrower spectrum

26.

Cross-resistance means:

a)

Resistance to unrelated drugs

b)

Resistance to similar-class drugs

c)

Resistance due to immunity

d)

Resistance only in fungi

27.

Plasmid-mediated resistance spreads mainly by:

a)

Mitosis

b)

Conjugation

c)

Lysis

d)

Endocytosis

28.

Which class is most prone to resistance development?

a)

Penicillins

b)

Cephalosporins

c)

Carbapenems

d)

All β-lactams

29.

A major strategy to combat AMR is:

a)

Blind antibiotic use

b)

Strengthening antibiotic stewardship

c)

Increasing OTC availability

d)

Stopping culture testing

30.

India’s national program to fight AMR is:

a)

MISSION TB

b)

NAP-AMR

c)

AIM-AMR

d)

AMR-2025

31.

Which of the following is NOT a standard infection-control practice in healthcare settings?

a)

Proper hand hygiene

b)

PPE use

c)

Sterilization

d)

Prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics

32.

The “One Health” approach in AMR includes all except:

a)

FAO

b)

OIE

c)

UNDP

d)

WHO

33.

Which antibiotic falls under the “Reserve” group?

a)

Benzylpenicillin

b)

Ceftriaxone

c)

Gentamicin

d)

Colistin

34.

Withdrawal of an antimicrobial agent for a period is called:

a)

Antibiotic mixing

b)

Antibiotic cycling

c)

Antibiotic withdrawal

d)

Escalation therapy

35.

Drugs that cannot be purchased OTC in India:

a)

Schedule H

b)

Schedule G

c)

Schedule D

d)

Schedule B

36.

Which antibiotic is inactivated by pulmonary surfactant?

a)

Azithromycin

b)

Levofloxacin

c)

Ceftriaxone

d)

Daptomycin

37.

Which is NOT a mechanism of resistance?

a)

Enzymatic inactivation

b)

Active efflux

c)

Increased permeability

d)

Target-site modification

38.

Which is TRUE about AMR?

a)

Only in hospitals

b)

Misuse accelerates AMR

c)

Cannot spread

d)

Only in bacteria

39.

ESBL production leads to resistance to:

a)

Aminoglycosides

b)

3rd gen cephalosporins & penicillins

c)

Carbapenems

d)

Macrolides

40.

Intrinsic resistance refers to:

a)

Acquired mutation

b)

Innate species-specific resistance

c)

Due to long exposure

d)

Temporary resistance

41.

NOT a method of horizontal gene transfer:

a)

Conjugation

b)

Mutation

c)

Transformation

d)

Transduction

42.

Transferable drug resistance is due to:

a)

Resistance transfer factor

b)

F-factor

c)

Colicinogen factor

d)

All

43.

TB resistance arises due to:

a)

Transformation

b)

Transduction

c)

Conjugation

d)

Mutation

44.

Heteroresistance means:

a)

Uniform resistance

b)

Resistant subpopulation

c)

Biofilm-only

d)

Permanent resistance

45.

Colistin-susceptible but therapy fails — due to:

a)

Intrinsic resistance

b)

Heteroresistance

c)

Biofilm only

d)

Cross-resistance

46.

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella produces:

a)

ESBLs

b)

Carbapenemases

c)

Efflux pumps

d)

Ribosomal changes

47.

Gene for plasmid-mediated colistin resistance:

a)

blaNDM-1

b)

mecA

c)

mcr-1

d)

vanA

48.

Golden Age of antibiotics:

a)

1910–1920

b)

1930–1940

c)

1940–1960

d)

1970–1980

49.

Enzyme responsible for penicillin resistance:

a)

β-lactamase

b)

Efflux pump

c)

Modified PBP

d)

Ribosomal methyltransferase

50.

Historical early misuse example:

a)

Sulfonamide use

b)

Antiseptics

c)

Narrow-spectrum only

d)

Vaccines

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