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WorksheetsEP Ch 3 Study Guide
Total questions: 56
Worksheet time: 29mins
The anatomic position is described as:
Standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward; it serves as a reference point for anatomical terminology.
Lying flat on the back with arms and legs extended; it helps in identifying body regions.
Sitting with legs crossed and hands on knees; it is used for surgical procedures.
Standing on one leg with the other leg raised; it is used for athletic assessments.
Describe the following anatomic direction and give an example: Anterior.
Anterior refers to the front of the body; for example, the chest is anterior to the spine.
Anterior refers to the back of the body; for example, the spine is anterior to the chest.
Anterior refers to the side of the body; for example, the arms are anterior to the torso.
Anterior refers to the top of the body; for example, the head is anterior to the feet.
Describe the following anatomic direction and give an example: Posterior.
Posterior refers to the back side of the body; for example, the shoulder blades are posterior to the ribs.
Posterior refers to the front side of the body; for example, the chest is posterior to the spine.
Posterior refers to the upper side of the body; for example, the head is posterior to the feet.
Posterior refers to the left side of the body; for example, the left arm is posterior to the right arm.
Describe the following anatomic direction and give an example: Medial.
Medial refers to a position closer to the midline of the body; for example, the nose is medial to the eyes.
Medial refers to a position farther from the midline of the body; for example, the ears are medial to the nose.
Medial refers to a position above another structure; for example, the head is medial to the neck.
Medial refers to a position below another structure; for example, the feet are medial to the knees.
Lateral is an anatomic direction. Which of the following best describes it and gives an example?
Away from the midline; the thumb is lateral to the little finger
Toward the midline; the nose is medial to the eyes
Above another part; the head is superior to the neck
Below another part; the foot is inferior to the knee
Describe the following anatomic direction and give an example: Superior.
Superior refers to a position above or higher than another part of the body; for example, the head is superior to the chest.
Superior refers to a position below another part of the body; for example, the feet are superior to the knees.
Superior refers to a position toward the front of the body; for example, the chest is superior to the back.
Superior refers to a position farther from the midline; for example, the arms are superior to the torso.
Describe the following anatomic direction and give an example: Inferior.
Inferior refers to a position below or lower than another part of the body; for example, the stomach is inferior to the heart.
Inferior refers to a position above another part of the body; for example, the heart is inferior to the stomach.
Inferior refers to a position toward the front of the body; for example, the nose is inferior to the ears.
Inferior refers to a position toward the side of the body; for example, the arms are inferior to the chest.
Describe the following anatomic direction and give an example: Proximal.
Proximal refers to a point closer to the trunk of the body; for example, the shoulder is proximal to the hand.
Proximal refers to a point farther from the trunk of the body; for example, the hand is proximal to the shoulder.
Proximal refers to the front of the body; for example, the chest is proximal to the back.
Proximal refers to the lower part of the body; for example, the foot is proximal to the knee.
Describe the following anatomic direction and give an example: Distal.
Distal refers to a position farther from the point of attachment; for example, the fingers are distal to the elbow.
Distal refers to a position closer to the point of attachment; for example, the shoulder is distal to the hand.
Distal refers to a position toward the midline of the body; for example, the nose is distal to the ears.
Distal refers to a position above another part; for example, the head is distal to the neck.
Describe the following anatomic movement and give an example: Flexion.
Flexion is the bending movement that decreases the angle between two body parts, such as bending the elbow.
Flexion is the straightening movement that increases the angle between two body parts, such as extending the knee.
Flexion is the rotation of a limb away from the midline, such as turning the arm outward.
Flexion is the movement of a body part toward the midline, such as bringing the arm across the chest.
Describe the following anatomic movement and give an example: Extension.
Extension is the straightening of a joint, such as straightening the elbow after it has been bent.
Extension is the bending of a joint, such as bending the knee.
Extension is the rotation of a limb away from the midline, such as turning the arm outward.
Extension is the movement of a limb toward the midline, such as bringing the arm to the side of the body.
Describe the following anatomic movement and give an example: ABduction.
ABduction is movement away from the midline of the body, such as raising the arm sideways.
ABduction is movement toward the midline of the body, such as bringing the legs together.
ABduction is rotation of a limb around its axis, such as turning the head.
ABduction is bending a joint to decrease the angle, such as flexing the elbow.
ADduction is an anatomic movement. Which of the following best describes ADduction and provides an example?
Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body; bringing the arm to the side.
Movement of a limb away from the midline; raising the arm sideways.
Rotation of a limb outward; turning the foot outward.
Bending a joint; flexing the elbow.
Supination is an anatomic movement. Which of the following best describes supination and provides an example?
Turning the palm upward, as in holding a bowl of soup.
Bending the knee, as in sitting down.
Rotating the foot inward, as in pigeon-toed walking.
Flexing the elbow, as in lifting a weight.
Describe the following anatomic movement and give an example: Pronation.
Pronation is the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward, such as when typing on a keyboard.
Pronation is the movement of the arm away from the body, such as raising your hand to the side.
Pronation is the bending of the elbow, such as when lifting a weight.
Pronation is the extension of the wrist, such as when waving goodbye.
Plantar flexion is an anatomic movement. Which of the following best describes plantar flexion and provides an example?
Bending the foot downward at the ankle, such as pressing the gas pedal in a car.
Turning the sole of the foot inward, such as during inversion.
Raising the foot upward at the ankle, such as lifting the toes toward the shin.
Rotating the arm outward, such as during external rotation of the shoulder.
Dorsiflexion is an anatomic movement. Which of the following best describes dorsiflexion and provides an example?
Bending the foot upward at the ankle, such as when walking on your heels.
Turning the palm downward, such as when typing on a keyboard.
Moving the arm away from the body, such as raising your hand to the side.
Bending the knee backward, such as when kicking a ball.
Name the different cavities of the body and name an organ in each cavity.
Cranial cavity - Brain, Thoracic cavity - Lungs, Abdominal cavity - Stomach, Pelvic cavity - Bladder
Cranial cavity - Heart, Thoracic cavity - Liver, Abdominal cavity - Kidney, Pelvic cavity - Pancreas
Cranial cavity - Lungs, Thoracic cavity - Stomach, Abdominal cavity - Bladder, Pelvic cavity - Brain
Cranial cavity - Stomach, Thoracic cavity - Bladder, Abdominal cavity - Brain, Pelvic cavity - Lungs
The respiratory system is:
a group of organs responsible for breathing
a system that digests food
a network that pumps blood
a structure that controls movement
The function of the respiratory system is:
to transport oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body
to digest food and absorb nutrients
to pump blood throughout the body
to control body movement and coordination
Select 2 possible emergencies related to the respiratory system.
Asthma attack and choking
Heart attack and stroke
Diabetes and hypertension
Fracture and sprain
The cardiovascular system is responsible for which function?
Transporting blood, nutrients, and oxygen throughout the body
Digesting food and absorbing nutrients
Controlling body temperature and sweating
Producing hormones for growth and development
The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting blood throughout the body. Which of the following are two possible emergencies related to the cardiovascular system?
Heart attack and stroke
Asthma and diabetes
Fracture and sprain
Appendicitis and migraine
The nervous system is responsible for which of the following functions?
Controlling and coordinating body activities
Digesting food
Producing hormones
Transporting oxygen in the blood
The nervous system is responsible for controlling and coordinating body activities. Which of the following are two possible emergencies related to the nervous system?
Stroke and seizure
Fracture and sprain
Asthma and allergy
Diabetes and hypertension
The musculoskeletal system is responsible for which of the following functions?
Providing structure, support, and movement to the body
Digesting food and absorbing nutrients
Regulating hormones and body temperature
Transporting oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
The musculoskeletal system consists of bones, muscles, and joints. Which of the following are two possible emergencies related to this system?
Fractures and dislocations
Asthma and diabetes
Stroke and heart attack
Appendicitis and gastritis
The integumentary system is responsible for which of the following functions?
Protecting the body from external damage
Transporting oxygen in the blood
Digesting food
Regulating blood sugar levels
The integumentary system is responsible for protecting the body. Which of the following are two possible emergencies related to this system?
Burns and severe allergic reactions
Heart attack and stroke
Diabetes and hypertension
Asthma and pneumonia
The gastrointestinal system is:
a group of organs responsible for digestion and absorption of food.
the system that controls movement and coordination.
the network of nerves in the body.
the system that produces hormones.
What is the gastrointestinal system and what are 2 possible emergencies?
The gastrointestinal system is responsible for digestion; two possible emergencies are gastrointestinal bleeding and bowel obstruction.
The gastrointestinal system controls breathing; two possible emergencies are asthma and pneumonia.
The gastrointestinal system regulates heart rate; two possible emergencies are heart attack and arrhythmia.
The gastrointestinal system manages bone growth; two possible emergencies are fracture and osteoporosis.
The Immune/lymphatic system is responsible for which function?
Protecting the body against diseases and infections
Digesting food and absorbing nutrients
Pumping blood throughout the body
Controlling body movement and coordination
The endocrine system is:
a network of glands that secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions
a system that transports oxygen in the blood
a group of muscles responsible for movement
a collection of bones that support the body
The urinary system is:
a group of organs that remove waste from the blood and produce urine
a system that helps in digestion of food
a network of nerves that controls movement
a set of glands that produce hormones
The Immune/lymphatic system is responsible for which of the following functions, and what are possible emergencies related to it?
Defending the body against infections; emergencies include severe allergic reactions and immune deficiencies.
Digesting food; emergencies include appendicitis and ulcers.
Pumping blood; emergencies include heart attacks and strokes.
Filtering waste; emergencies include kidney stones and urinary tract infections.
How many bones are there in the human adult body?
206
201
210
180
The skeletal system is divided into 2 groups and how many bones make up each:
Axial skeleton = 80 Appendicular skeleton = 126
Axial skeleton = 100 Appendicular skeleton = 106
Axial skeleton = 75 Appendicular skeleton = 131
Axial skeleton = 90 Appendicular skeleton = 116
What are the different sections of the spine and how many bones make up each segment?
Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), Sacrum (5 fused), Coccyx (4 fused)
Cervical (8), Thoracic (10), Lumbar (6), Sacrum (4 fused), Coccyx (5 fused)
Cervical (6), Thoracic (14), Lumbar (4), Sacrum (6 fused), Coccyx (3 fused)
Cervical (7), Thoracic (11), Lumbar (5), Sacrum (5 fused), Coccyx (4 fused)
How many ribs are in the human body?
24 (12 pairs)
20 (10 pairs)
28 (14 pairs)
22 (11 pairs)
Name and describe the 3 types of muscles found in the human body:
Skeletal muscle: Voluntary movement, attached to bones. Cardiac muscle: Found in the heart, involuntary. Smooth muscle: Found in organs, involuntary.
Skeletal muscle: Involuntary movement, found in the heart. Cardiac muscle: Voluntary, attached to bones. Smooth muscle: Voluntary, found in organs.
Skeletal muscle: Found in organs, involuntary. Cardiac muscle: Voluntary movement, attached to bones. Smooth muscle: Found in the heart, voluntary.
Skeletal muscle: Voluntary movement, found in organs. Cardiac muscle: Found in bones, involuntary. Smooth muscle: Found in the heart, voluntary.
Name the 3 types of blood vessels and their function:
Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart. Veins: Carry blood to the heart. Capillaries: Exchange of gases and nutrients.
Arteries: Carry blood to the heart. Veins: Carry blood away from the heart. Capillaries: Store blood.
Arteries: Exchange gases. Veins: Carry blood away from the heart. Capillaries: Carry blood to the heart.
Arteries: Store blood. Veins: Exchange nutrients. Capillaries: Carry blood away from the heart.
What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?
A sprain is an injury to a ligament, while a strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon.
A sprain is an injury to a muscle, while a strain is an injury to a ligament.
A sprain is an injury to a bone, while a strain is an injury to a joint.
A sprain is an injury to a tendon, while a strain is an injury to a ligament.
Altered mental status can be caused by:
Infection
Excessive exercise
High fiber diet
Frequent hand washing
A stroke is defined as a sudden interruption of blood supply to the brain. What are the two types of stroke?
Ischemic and Hemorrhagic
Ischemic and Cardiac
Hemorrhagic and Pulmonary
Cardiac and Pulmonary
23. Alveoli are:
tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs
blood vessels that carry oxygen
muscles involved in breathing
tubes that transport air to the lungs
The primary function of red blood cells and white blood cells is:
Red blood cells transport oxygen; white blood cells fight infections.
Red blood cells produce hormones; white blood cells carry nutrients.
Red blood cells digest food; white blood cells store energy.
Red blood cells regulate body temperature; white blood cells control blood pressure.
midsagittal/median
My radius is (a) to my ulna
Which TWO terms mean towards the head. (based on the photo)
Lateral, Posterior
Dorsal, Posterior
Anterior, Ventral
Cephalic, Superior
Which TWO terms mean towards the feet. (based on the photo)
Lateral, Posterior
Dorsal, Posterior
Inferior, Caudal
Cephalic, Superior
Which of the following is an example of a sprain?
Tight sciatic nerve
Achilles Tendon Rupture
Torn ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)
Partially torn biceps muscle
What conditions may cause altered mental status?
Stroke
High fever
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
All of the above
Which of the following is an example of a strain?
Achilles Tendon Rupture
Torn ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)
Overstretched hamstring mucles
Both A & C
At which joints do internal & external rotation occur?
Shoulder & Ankle
Knee & Elbow
Shoulder & Hip
Hip & Cervical Spine
