WorksheetsEKG FINAL EXAM
Total questions: 85
Worksheet time: 43mins
What are the entrance valves of the heart called?
Tricuspid and Mitral
Aortic and Bicuspid
Tricuspid and Pulmonic
Aortic and Pulmonary
What is the Pericardium
specialized cardiac muscle all fused together
Thin outer sac enclosing the heart
Fibrous fluid filled sac that encloses the heart and its blood vessels
The inner lining of the heart
Where is the apex of the heart located
Thoracic cavity between 2 lungs
Lies level with the second rib on the right side
Rests on the diaphragm
Top of the heart
The heart is what type of pump
Automatic
Dual action
4 chamber
Manual
The right and left side of the heart is separated by the ____?
Chordae Tendineae
Papillary muscles
Sternum
Septum
Which valves are called the semilunar valves
Aortic and Pulmonary
Tricuspid and Pulmonic
Aortic and Bicuspid
Tricuspid and mitral
The myocardium is made of
Cartilage
striated muscle
Endothelium
Epidermis
Which 2 chambers are known as the "receiving" chambers
Right atria
Left atria
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
What are the 2 lower chambers called
R and L ventricle
R and L atria
Where is the mitral valve located
between the left ventricle and aorta
On the left side between the atrium and ventricle
Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
RIght side of the heart between atrium and ventricle
What happens when the myocardium is stimulated
It stops
It contracts
It changes rhythm
It does nothing
Where does the myocardium receive it nourishment
Blood
Veins
Coronary arteries
Arteries
What happens when the blood supply to the myocardium stops
HTN
MI
CAD
B/P
Why is the cardiac tissue unique
mechanism to prevent the backflow of blood from one section to the next
Specialized cardiac muscle all fused together so that when one part reacts, it all rests
The tissue is a fluid secreting tissue which lubricates the heart as it beats
stabilizes the heart and buffers it from contact with the chest cavity
which blood vessel leaves the heart and carries blood to all parts of the body
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Pulmonary vein
What is systole phase
Contraction
Relaxation
Top number of blood pressure
resting
What is the largest chamber of the heart
L ventricle
R ventricle
What is the function of each valve in the heart
The tissue is fluid secreting tissue which lubricates the heart as it beats
Mechanism to prevent the backflow of blood from one section to the next
stabilizes the heart and buffers if from contact with the chest cavity
Define superior vena cava
Main vein of the body,brings blood back to the heart, from the head, neck and upper extremities
Main vein of the body,brings blood from bewo the diaphragm
Define the inferior vena cava
Main veins of the body, brings back blood from below the diaphragm
Main vein of the body, brings blood back to the heart, from the head neck and upper extermities
Oxygenated blood is returned to the heart via the ____.
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Superior vena cava
From the right ventricle, the blood is pumped to the lungs through the right and left____.
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Pulmonary vein
Superior vena cava
Define inhalation and exhalation
the act of breathing in
the act of breathing out
Pulmonary ventilation
exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide
The superior vena cava services the____
Head, neck, and upper extremities
Below the diaphragm
The inferior vena cava services the____
Head, neck and upper extremities
Below the diaphragm
What it the GSV
Longest vein in the body running length of the leg
Main manifold
What is pulmonary circulation
Movement of blood from the heart by the way the arteries and veins throughout the body
the circulation that goes from the hearts right ventricle to the lungs where its oxygenated and releases built up carbon dioxide
What is systemic circulation
movement of blood form the heart by way of the arteries and veins throughout the body
the circulation that goes from the hearts right ventricle to the lungs where it is oxygenated and releases built up carbon dioxide
What is the vascular system
tubing which carries blood from the heart through the arteries to the body and returned it back to the heart through the veins
oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs
What is the difference between arteries and veins
arteries always carries blood the the heart; veins always carries blood AWAY from the heart
Veins have valves which close when the blood attempts to back flow and keeps the vein inflated;arteries will stay en without blood pressure and does not need valves
What phase does the bottom number of blood pressure represent
Systole
Diastole
An increase in blood volume leads to an increase in___
fluid
pressure
weight
cholesterol
What is orthostatic hypotension
Normal blood pressure
fall in blood pressure occurring upon standing up
High cholesterol levels (LDL) produces plaque in arterial walls causing____
resistance
heart attack
CAD
MI
Hos is blood pressure measured
mmHg
systole and diastole
What is the approximate diameter of the coronary arteries
1/8 in
3in
3cm
1/8cm
What is the normal range for and adults blood pressure
120/80
100/60-140/90
Do neonates and infants generally have lower blood pressure
True
False
What is hypotension
Abnormally high blood pressure
Abnormally low blood pressure
What is hypertension
Abnormally high blood pressure
Abnormally low blood pressure
What it the major cause of atherosclerosis
Hardening of the plaque that builds up in the arteries
Buildup of yellow, fatty substances on the walls of the arteries
What cause angina
inflammtion
CAD
an inadequate blood supply yo an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles
reduced blood flow to the heart
What the major cause of heart failure
reduced blood flow to the heart
inflammation
CAD
and inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles
What is Ischemia
reduced blood flow to the heart
inflammation
CAD
an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body, especially the heart muscles
What is valvular insufficiency
Area of the heart that is oxygen deprived goes too long without oxygen
group A streptococcal(strep) infection
regurgitation, leaky valve
Heart has lost ability to pump enough blood to the body's tissues
What type infection can cause rheumatic fever
area of the heart is oxygen deprived goes too long without oxygen
group A streptococcal(strep) infection
regurgitation,leaky valve
heart has lost the ability to pump enough blood to the body's tissues
What can cause Myocardial Infarction
area of the heart that is oxygen deprived goes too long without oxygen
group A streptococcal(strep) infection
regurgitation, leaky valve
Why would someone feel heart pain
angina
ischemia
MI
all of the above
What is thrombus
blood clot formed in situ within the vascular system of the body and impeding blood flow
a blood clot, air bubble, piece fatty deposit,or other object that has carried in the bloodstream to lodge in a vessel
What is an embolus
blood clot formed in situ within the vascular system of the body and impeding blood flow
a blood clot, air bubble, piece of fatty deposit, or other object that has been carried in the blood stream to lodge in a vessel
what is pericaridits
a heart valve infection
an inflammation of the heart muscle
an inflammation of the double-layered membrane that surrounds the heart
What is myocarditis
a heart valve infection
an inflammation of the heart muscle
an inflammation of the double-layered membrane that surrounds the heart
What is Endocarditis
a heart valve infection
an inflammation of the heart muscle
an inflammation of the double-layered membrane that surrounds the heart
Systole-the chambers do what
contract
relax
Diastole- the chambers do what
contract
relax
Blood enters the heart through which two veins
Superior and inferior vena cava
pulmonary artery and vein
aorta and coronary arteries
GSV
the heart is about size of
a cantaloupe
a closed fist
a pear
abaseball
the heart is located in the
mediastinum
abdominal cavity
the chest
cranial cavity
the apex of the heart rests on the
sternum
septum
diaphragm
second rib
what is the main veins(s) in the body
aorta
superior and inferior vena cava
coronary
greater and lesser saphenous
The only artery that carries oxygen poor blood is
Pulmonary
Coronary
The only vein that carries oxygen rich blood is
Pulmonary vein
Jugular vein
what are mononucleate cells
Peripheral blood cells having a round nucleus
Dense bands running between Myocardial cells forming a link between the whole muscle
what are the intercalated discs
Peripheral blood cells having round nucleus
Dense bands running between myocardial cells forming a link between the whole muscle
What is the size of the aorta
5cm in diameter
3cm in diameter
5in in diameter
3in in diameter
Coronary heart/artery disease accounts for____% of all heart disease in the US
65
80
75
85
Arising form the first branch of the aorta, the coronary arteries are approximately__ in diamater
1/8 in
1/4 in
1/8 cm
1/4 cm
Any disease of the heart muscle that impairs the ability of the heart to pump normally is
congenital heart disease
congestive heart disease
coronary heart disease
cardiomyopathy
Weakness of the heart that leads to buildup of fluid in the lungs and surrounding body tissue is
congenital heart disease
congestive heart disease
coronary heart disease
cardiomyopathy
Problem with the hearts structure and function that is present at birth is
congenital heart disease
congesitve heart disease
coronary heart disease
cardiomyopathy
partial or complete closure of the coronary arteries which cause a deficiency of blood t the myocardium is
congenital hear disease
congestive heart disease
coronary heart disease
cardiomyopathy
Fetal disorder where the left pulmonary connects directly to the descending aorta is
heart valve disease
ductus arteriosus
angina
vavular stenosis
Narrowing, stiffening thickening, fusion or blockage of one or more valves of your heart
heart valve disease
ductus ateriosus
angina
valvular stenosis
what occured when the heart valves do not work correctly
heart valve disease
ductus arteriosus
angina
valvular stenosis
This is caused by one or more attacks of rheumatic fever, which can damage the heart, particularly the heart valves
MI
rheumatic heart disease
atherosclerosis
artersclerosis
generally harmless and may be caused by caffeine, stimulants, smoking, or alcohol use
embolus
thrombolus
murmur
ectopic heart beats
blood volume refers to the amount of blood in the
heart
veins
vessels
arteries
What refers the tension excreted on the arterial walls by contractions of the ventricles
systole
blood pressure
diastole
orthostatic
What is not a phase of respiration
pulmonary ventilation
vasoconstriction
diffusion
transportation
where is the base of the lungs located
slightly above the clavicle
second rib
on the diaphragm
sternum
What are capillaries
the main artery
the vessel that exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide
the vein that brings blood back to the heart
this layer of vessels is thicker in the vein than the artery
tunica adventitia
tunica intima
tunica endoterna
tunica media
this layer of vessels is made of endothelieum cells
tunica adventitia
tunica intima
tunica endoterna
tunica media
this layer of vessels allows arteries to constrict and dilate for the regulation of blood pressure and circulation
tunica adventitia
tunica intima
tunica endoterna
tunica media
the purpose of the conduction system is
allow arteries to constrict and dilate for the regulation of blood pressure
to generate the impulse that stimulates the heart to contract and pump
