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WorksheetsCell cycle and cell biology worksheet
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 40mins
What is a chromatid?
A region where microtubules attach
One of two identical copies of a replicated chromosome
A structure that holds homologous pairs together
The DNA-protein complex inside the nucleus
During which phase does the nuclear envelope break down?
Telophase
Prometaphase
Interphase
G2 phase
What happens during G1 phase?
The cell grows and performs normal functions
DNA is replicated
Chromosomes separate
Homologous chromosomes pair
What is cytokinesis?
Replication of DNA
Division of the nucleus
Division of the cytoplasm
Crossing over between chromosomes
Which feature is unique to prokaryotes?
Membrane-bound nucleus
Circular chromosome
Linear DNA strands
Mitosis for cell division
Which phase of mitosis aligns chromosomes in the center?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Crossing over occurs during which stage?
Metaphase II
Anaphase I
Prophase II
Prophase I
What is a diploid cell?
A cell with one copy of each chromosome
A cell with two copies of each chromosome
A cell with three sets of chromosomes
A cell produced only by bacteria
What is independent assortment?
The pairing of homologous chromosomes
Random orientation of chromosome pairs during meiosis I
Error-free DNA replication
Equal division of cytoplasm
What is nondisjunction?
A type of mutation involving base substitution
Uneven crossing over
Failure of chromosomes to separate properly
Replication of DNA in S phase
What is a genotype?
The genetic makeup of an organism
The physical traits
A type of mutation
A copy of an allele
What is codominance?
One allele blocks another
Both alleles are expressed equally
A blend of traits
Only recessive alleles are expressed
What did Mendel’s Law of Segregation state?
Genes are always inherited together
Allele pairs separate during gamete formation
Dominant alleles mutate more often
Phenotypes always match genotypes
What is a test cross used for?
Determining phenotype
Identifying codominance
Determining an unknown genotype
Increasing genetic variation
What is a locus?
A protein on DNA
A location of a gene on a chromosome
A mutation
A type of allele
What is polygenic inheritance?
Multiple genes influence a single trait
One gene controls multiple traits
A single allele is expressed
Inheritance on sex chromosomes
What type of inheritance pattern involves alleles blending?
Codominance
Incomplete dominance
Polygenic
Sex-linked
What blood type is considered “codominant”?
Type O
Type AB
Type A
Type B
Colorblindness is usually:
Autosomal dominant
X-linked recessive
Codominant
Polygenic
Which structure is responsible for forming the spindle?
Centrioles
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Golgi bodies
Which direction is DNA synthesized in?
3’ → 3’
5’ → 3’
3’ → 1’
5’ → 1’
Which rule describes A pairing with T, and C pairing with G?
Watson’s Rule
Polymerase Rule
Chargaff’s Rule
Franklin’s Rule
What is the central dogma?
Protein → RNA → DNA
RNA → Protein → DNA
DNA → RNA → Protein
DNA → Protein → RNA
Which enzyme builds RNA during transcription?
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
Helicase
Ligase
What is a codon?
DNA repair enzyme
Protein subunit
3-base sequence on mRNA
tRNA attachment site
What is an anticodon?
Sequence on DNA
3-base sequence on tRNA
Protein-binding site
Stop signal for DNA polymerase
What does “wobble” refer to?
Misfolding of proteins
Flexibility of the 3rd nucleotide in a codon
Movement of ribosomes
Errors during replication
What is an intron?
Coding region
Non-coding region that is removed
Region of tRNA
Replication enzyme
What is an exon?
Coding region of mRNA
Non-coding region
DNA-binding protein
Polymerase region
What does the 5’ cap do?
Creates mutations
Protects mRNA and helps ribosome binding
Cuts introns
Breaks down RNA
What is a plasmid?
Circular DNA found in bacteria
Part of ribosome
RNA molecule
Mitochondrial enzyme
Transformation is:
Virus transferring DNA
Uptake of DNA from environment
Direct cell-to-cell DNA transfer
Chromosome duplication
What is transduction?
Bacterial conjugation
DNA uptake from the environment
Virus-mediated DNA transfer
tRNA pairing
What is conjugation?
Virus transfers DNA
Direct DNA transfer through a pilus
DNA replication error
Chromosome duplication
What is a silent mutation?
Mutation that doesn’t change amino acid
Mutation creating a stop codon
Mutation shifting reading frame
Mutation causing amino acid change
A missense mutation:
Creates a stop codon
Changes the reading frame
Changes one amino acid
Has no effect
A nonsense mutation:
Changes one amino acid
Creates a premature stop codon
Removes introns incorrectly
Adds extra nucleotides
What do repressors do?
Block transcription
Increase translation
Repair DNA
Speed up RNA polymerase
PCR is used to:
Cut DNA
Amplify DNA
Translate RNA
Sequence amino acids
Restriction enzymes do what?
Copy RNA
Fix mutations
Cut DNA at specific sequences
Build proteins
