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WorksheetsGrade 11 FA 1
Total questions: 40
Worksheet time: 20mins
Define the term Human Factors.
The combination of ergonomics and anthropometrics
The study of human anatomy only
The measurement of machine dimensions
The management of manufacturing workflows
What is Ergonomics?
Application of scientific information about the relationship of human beings to the design of objects, systems and environments
A method for testing machine durability
A medical specialization focused on muscle injuries only
A process for standardizing product colors
What do we mean by the term cognitive ergonomics?
Concerns mental processes such as perception, memory, reasoning and motor response as they affect human–system interactions
Focuses on muscle strength and reach
Deals only with team communication
Measures standardized body sizes
What do we mean by the term Organisational ergonomics?
Subjects including communication, work design, shift and quality management
Only the arrangement of body parts to spatial models
Strictly the measurement of arm length and height
Design of decorative elements in a workplace
What is Anthropometric data?
Data about human body measurements that is sub-classified as Static Data and Dynamic Data
Data about machine tolerances
Visual sketches of products
Records of workplace accidents
What is Structural Anthropometric data?
Measurements taken while the subject is in a fixed or standard position (e.g., height, arm length)
Measurements taken during activities such as crawling and overhead reach
Observations of team communication
Estimates based on average values only
What is functional Anthropometric data?
Measurements taken during physical activities (e.g., crawling height, overhead reach and upper body movements); dynamic data is often more useful though static is more reliable
Measurements of people who are seated only
Measurements taken only from percentile tables without observation
A list of recommended workplace tools
Percentiles and percentile ranges: what do they indicate in anthropometry?
They show whether a measurement relates to the average person or to someone above or below average in a given dimension
They provide only exact heights for every person
They classify people into skill levels
They indicate manufacturing error rates
According to the percentile bell curve shown, which specific percentiles are commonly considered when designing for users?
5th, 50th and 95th percentiles
1st, 25th and 99th percentiles
10th, 60th and 90th percentiles
30th, 40th and 70th percentiles
What do we mean when we discuss clearance in Human Factors?
The minimum distance required to enable the user group to get into or through an area, important for emergency exits and safety hatches
The maximum weight a user can lift
The average number of users in a workspace
The color coding of safety signage
What do we mean when we discuss reach in Human Factors?
The workspace envelope: a 3-dimensional space within which you carry out physical work activities when at a fixed location, designed so 95% of users can reach everything placed within
The minimum doorway width in public buildings
The number of steps needed to complete a task
The recommended height for signage
Identify the definition of a nominal data scale used in classification or division of objects into discrete groups.
Each item is identified by a name only; no measurement within or between categories
Numbers indicate true zero values, allowing ratio comparisons
Items are ordered in a ranked hierarchy, but quantitative assessment cannot be made
Intervals are equal in size but there is no true zero
Identify the definition of an ordinal data scale.
Deals with order or position of items in a hierarchical order; quantitative assessment cannot be made
Each item is identified by name only; no measurement within or between categories
Intervals are equal in size with a true zero allowing ratio comparisons
Measures continuous variables without any division into intervals
Identify the definition of an interval data scale.
Organized into equal divisions or intervals with no true zero
Each item is identified by name only; no measurement within or between categories
Deals with order or position of items but allows true ratio comparisons
Provides a true zero enabling comparisons of differences and ratios
Identify the definition of a ratio data scale.
Provides a true zero, enabling comparison of differences and ratios
Organized into equal intervals with no true zero
Each item is identified by name only; no measurement within or between categories
Ranks items by order without quantitative assessment
Human information-processing systems consider inputs, processes (sensory, central, and motor), and outputs. Which description best matches the human information-processing system?
A system of inputs, sensory processes, central processes, motor processes, and outputs
A system limited to motor responses without sensory input
A purely physiological system with no psychological components
A static storage of information with no processing stages
Which statement reflects a perception effect in products as described by the principle that the mind considers objects in their entirety before their individual parts?
The whole is seen rather than the sum of its parts
Each component is perceived independently with no holistic impression
Users perceive only the most colourful part of a product
Perception is determined solely by product size
What is Fatigue?
The temporary diminishment of performance, which can be physical and/or mental
Permanent strengthening of muscles due to repetitive use
Emotional satisfaction experienced after completing tasks
Increased patience and attention span during long tasks
What is biomechanics in human factors concerned with?
Research and analysis of the mechanics of muscles, joints, tendons, including forces on the body and key criteria such as force, repetition, duration and posture
Study of color perception and visual aesthetics in product design
Financial budgeting and resource allocation in organizations
Analysis of social interactions and team dynamics
Waste mitigation strategies aim to reduce or eliminate materials directed to landfill by focusing on prevention, monitoring and handling of waste and developing solutions to deal with pollution and waste. Which statement best describes this aim?
Limiting product marketing to reduce sales volumes
Managing materials so less ends up in landfill through prevention and handling
Increasing resource extraction to meet consumer demand
Shifting waste from landfill to unregulated dumping
Re-use involves using the same product in the same context or a different context. Which option best illustrates re-use as described?
Refilling a glass bottle for water after washing
Melting aluminium to cast new products
Replacing a broken lightbulb with a new one
Shredding paper to make pulp
Repair is the reconstruction or renewal of any part of an existing structure or device to mend, restore, or service faulty equipment. Which choice aligns with repair as defined?
Designing a new version of a car to improve aerodynamics
Fixing an inner tube on a bicycle to restore function
Recycling newspaper to create new paper products
Using lighter materials to reduce product weight
Re-engineering involves redesigning components or products to improve characteristics such as speed or energy consumption. Which example reflects re-engineering?
Replacing worn tyres on a car to meet safety standards
Changing the shape of a Formula 1 car to reduce aerodynamic drag
Collecting glass bottles for curbside recycling
Cleaning and reselling a used toothbrush
Recycling refers to using materials from obsolete products (waste) to create other products. Which option matches this description?
Turning thermoplastics recovered from waste into new products
Servicing a washing machine belt to extend its life
Redesigning shoes for better energy absorption
Reusing a plastic bag for groceries
Reconditioning is rebuilding a product so it is in an "as new" condition, commonly in the context of car engines and tyres. Which option best represents reconditioning?
Adding new features to a smartphone model
Refurbishing a car engine to factory-equivalent condition
Recycling aluminium cans into new sheet metal
Using email instead of printed brochures
Dematerialisation seeks to reduce quantities of materials by doing more with less, improving product efficiency through saving, reusing or recycling materials, and replacing physical products with virtual products where appropriate. Which outcome most clearly indicates dematerialisation?
Increasing packaging thickness to prevent damage
Switching from printed brochures to digital emails
Expanding raw material extraction to meet demand
Adding heavier components to improve durability
Raw material recovery in product recovery strategies involves separating component parts of a product to recover the parts and materials. Which statement best describes raw material recovery?
Disassembling a product to reclaim usable materials
Rebuilding a product to an "as new" condition
Collecting consumer feedback to improve design
Designing lighter components to improve efficiency
WEEE recovery addresses waste electrical and electronic equipment, which can cause major environmental and health problems if not properly managed because of their hazardous content. Which option reflects the key concern with WEEE?
High production cost of electronics
Hazardous components that require proper management
Limited consumer interest in recycling programs
Difficulty in transporting lightweight devices
Energy recovery (WtE or EfW) generates energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the primary treatment of waste via processes such as combustion or producing a combustible fuel. Which option best describes energy recovery?
Using waste to produce methane or ethanol as fuel
Dismantling products to salvage parts for reuse
Refurbishing engines to restore performance
Replacing paper with electronic documents
Using standard parts at the end of product life reduces total material and energy throughput and limits environmental impact at stages such as production, user, and disposal. What is the primary objective of using standard parts at end-of-life?
Maximizing aesthetic customization
Reducing raw material use and energy input across the life cycle
Increasing product weight for durability
Avoiding compliance with environmental standards
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) assesses environmental impacts associated with all stages of a product’s life from cradle to grave, including extraction, processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling. Which statement best captures LCA?
A marketing tool to increase brand recognition
An assessment of environmental impacts over the entire product life cycle
A cost analysis limited to manufacturing expenses
A survey of consumer preferences during product launch
A circular economy is an economy model in which resources remain in use for as long as possible, maximum value is extracted while in use, and products and materials are recovered and regenerated at the end of the product life cycle. Which option best describes the circular economy?
A linear model that focuses on extracting and disposing materials quickly
A closed loop system that keeps resources in use and recovers them at end-of-life
A plan to increase raw material extraction annually
A strategy to accelerate product obsolescence to boost sales
How much damage is done to the environment in extracting the raw material?
It depends on the extraction method and location; assess impacts such as habitat loss, emissions, and water use using life‑cycle analysis.
None; extraction of raw materials is environmentally neutral.
Always severe and impossible to reduce regardless of technology.
Only economic impacts occur, with no environmental consequences.
How much energy is needed to process this material?
Estimate with process data and life‑cycle analysis, considering mining, refining, transport, and manufacturing stages.
Always minimal because modern factories are efficient.
Energy use is irrelevant to material selection.
Only the energy used during transport matters; processing uses no energy.
How long will this material last/will it damage easily?
Evaluate durability through mechanical, thermal, and chemical resistance over the product’s intended life.
Materials never degrade once in a product.
Service life is the same for all materials regardless of use conditions.
Only appearance determines durability; resistance tests are unnecessary.
Can this material be recycled?
Yes, if there is an established recycling pathway and the material can be separated, reprocessed, and reused without degrading performance excessively.
No materials can be recycled after first use.
Recycling depends only on consumer preference and not on material properties.
Recycling is possible only for metals; polymers and glass cannot be recycled.
How can I reduce the amount of energy required to use this product?
Improve product efficiency through design energy‑saving modes.
Increase product size and weight to make it more robust.
Assume users will reduce energy on their own without design changes.
Add decorative features that do not affect performance.
How can I reduce the chances of this product ending up in landfill or sent to incineration?
Design for disassembly, reuse, repair, and recycling; provide take‑back schemes and clear material labelling.
Make the product harder to open so users throw it away less often.
Increase mixed‑material complexity to discourage recycling.
Remove instructions so users are forced to contact support.
How can I increase the chances of this product being repaired, reused or recycled?
Standardize fasteners and modules, provide spare parts and repair information, and select recyclable materials with clear labelling.
Use permanent adhesives and hidden fasteners to prevent disassembly.
Avoid providing any repair documentation.
Choose materials that cannot be separated at end‑of‑life.
How can I reduce the amount of pollution given off by this product?
Minimize toxic substances, improve energy efficiency, and design processes and use‑phase to reduce emissions and waste.
Ignore emissions during use because only manufacturing matters.
Increase packaging to capture pollution after sale.
Assume pollution cannot be influenced by design choices.
