NEW
Font size
WorksheetsWAYGROUND: Ch. 2 Psych REVIEW
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 28mins
What is the primary goal of scientific research?
To rely on intuition
To depend on luck
To support claims with evidence
To follow authority blindly
Which of the following is an example of empirical evidence?
An untested theory
A historical myth
A repeated observation
A personal belief
What is the main focus of psychologists?
Analyzing economic trends
Studying historical events
Understanding behavior and mental processes
Understanding the universe
Why is it difficult to determine the reason for someone's behavior?
Emotions are irrelevant
The mind is not observable
People always tell the truth
Behavior is always predictable
What should we do when encountering a claim based on 'scientific evidence'?
Ignore it completely
Examine it critically
Accept it without question
Believe it if it is popular
What is a challenge in determining accepted theories in psychology?
Contradictory studies
Lack of information
Limited research
Universal agreement
What is the role of a governor in relation to state-funded programs?
To evaluate program effectiveness
To cut all funding
To fund all programs equally
To ignore research
What is the difference between facts and opinions in scientific research?
Opinions are observable realities
Opinions are always accurate
Facts are based on empirical evidence
Facts are personal judgments
Which researcher was the first woman to earn a PhD in psychology?
Margaret Floy Washburn
Francis Sumner
Mary Whiton Calkins
Inez Beverly Prosser
What was Francis Sumner's contribution to psychology?
Research on animal behavior
Focus on psychoanalysis and racial bias
First African American woman with a PhD in psychology
Establishment of psychology labs in South America
How can psychologists understand behavior when direct questioning is not possible?
By using creative methods
By ignoring the behavior
By asking others
By assuming the reason
What is a potential negative impact of technology on students?
Improved sleep
Negative impacts on sleep and communication
Enhanced communication
Better time management
What should be considered when evaluating a claim's validity?
The expertise of the claimant
The claim's popularity
The claim's simplicity
The claimant's wealth
What was Inez Beverly Prosser's research focus?
Memory research
Animal cognition
Education in segregated schools
Psychoanalysis
What is the significance of empirical research in the scientific community?
It is based on opinions
It relies on intuition
It is subjective
It establishes facts
What is naturalistic observation?
A method of observing behavior in a controlled environment
A method of observing behavior in its natural context
A method of conducting experiments in a laboratory
A method of interviewing participants
Why might people change their behavior if they know they are being observed?
They want to impress the observer
They feel uncomfortable
They might hide their natural behavior
They are unaware of the observation
What is one challenge researchers face when using naturalistic observation?
Controlling the environment
Ensuring participants are aware of the study
Obtaining accurate information
Conducting interviews
In the given example, why might almost everyone in the classroom raise their hand when asked if they always wash their hands after using the restroom?
They are all very hygienic
They do not want to be judged by others
They are being honest
They misunderstood the question
What alternative method is suggested to find out the facts about hand washing?
Conducting a survey
Sending a classmate into the restroom to observe
Asking the question again
Using a hidden camera
Explain why naturalistic observation might provide more accurate information than self-reported data.
It is less time-consuming
It avoids the issue of participants altering their responses
It is more cost-effective
It involves direct interaction with participants
What is a potential ethical concern with sending a classmate to observe hand washing in the restroom?
It might be too expensive
It could invade privacy
It is difficult to organize
It might not provide accurate data
How can researchers minimize the impact of their presence on participants' behavior during naturalistic observation?
By using hidden cameras
By conducting the observation in a laboratory
By blending in with the environment
By informing participants about the study
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using naturalistic observation to study human behavior.
Advantages: Provides accurate data; Disadvantages: Time-consuming
Advantages: Cost-effective; Disadvantages: Invasive
Advantages: Controlled environment; Disadvantages: Limited scope
Advantages: Direct interaction; Disadvantages: Ethical concerns
What is the main reason people might not feel comfortable answering a question honestly in a survey?
They do not understand the question
They want to provide socially desirable answers
They are not interested in the survey
They do not have enough time
Identify a simple procedure researchers can use to ensure the accuracy of their observations in a naturalistic setting.
Conducting multiple observations at different times
Asking participants to fill out a questionnaire
Using a single observation session
Informing participants about the study
What is one way to address the ethical concerns of observing people in a restroom?
Using anonymous surveys instead
Informing participants about the observation
Conducting the observation in a public space
Using a hidden camera
How does naturalistic observation differ from experimental research?
Naturalistic observation involves manipulation of variables
Experimental research is conducted in natural settings
Naturalistic observation does not involve manipulation of variables
Experimental research does not require a hypothesis
What is a potential limitation of naturalistic observation?
It provides too much control over variables
It may not be generalizable to other settings
It is always more accurate than other methods
It requires a large sample size
Why is it important to consider ethical guidelines when conducting naturalistic observation?
To ensure the study is cost-effective
To protect the privacy and rights of participants
To obtain more accurate data
To make the study easier to conduct
What does a correlation coefficient of 0 indicate about the relationship between two variables?
A strong positive relationship
A strong negative relationship
No relationship
A perfect relationship
Which of the following is the range of possible values for a correlation coefficient?
0 to 1
-1 to 0
-1 to +1
0 to +2
If the correlation coefficient between two variables is -0.8, what can be inferred about their relationship?
They have a weak positive relationship
They have a strong negative relationship
They have no relationship
They have a strong positive relationship
Which letter is commonly used to represent the correlation coefficient?
c
r
p
k
If the correlation coefficient between two variables is 0.95, what does this imply about the predictability of one variable based on the other?
The relationship is weak and unpredictable
The relationship is strong and predictable
There is no relationship
The relationship is moderate and somewhat predictable
What does a correlation coefficient close to zero suggest about the relationship between two variables?
A strong positive relationship
A strong negative relationship
A weak or no relationship
A perfect relationship
Which of the following statements is true about correlation and causation?
Correlation always implies causation
Correlation never implies causation
Correlation sometimes implies causation
Correlation implies causation only if the correlation coefficient is 1
If two variables have a correlation coefficient of 0.3, how would you describe their relationship?
Strong positive
Weak positive
Strong negative
Weak negative
What is the primary purpose of calculating a correlation coefficient?
To determine the cause of changes in variables
To measure the strength and direction of a relationship between variables
To predict future values of a variable
To establish a causal relationship between variables
Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables?
0.5
-0.9
0.2
-0.3
What is the primary purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
To fund research projects
To review proposals for research involving human participants
To conduct experiments
To publish research findings
Which of the following is a requirement for participants before they can take part in an experiment?
They must complete a survey
They must sign an informed consent form
They must pay a fee
They must attend a seminar
Who typically makes up the members of an IRB?
Only scientists
Only community members
Members of the institution’s administration, scientists, and community members
Only the institution’s administration
Explain why informed consent is crucial in experiments involving human participants.
It ensures participants are aware of the risks and benefits
It allows researchers to bypass ethical guidelines
It guarantees participants will receive compensation
It ensures the experiment will be successful
What might happen if a research institution does not have an IRB?
It can still conduct experiments without any restrictions
It may not receive federal support for research involving human participants
It will automatically receive approval for all experiments
It can only conduct experiments on animals
Identify a key component that an IRB looks for in research proposals.
The number of participants
The potential for harm to participants
The duration of the experiment
The cost of the experiment
Discuss the role of community members in an IRB.
They provide scientific expertise
They ensure the research is financially viable
They offer perspectives on ethical considerations and community impact
They manage the administrative tasks of the IRB
What is the consequence of not obtaining IRB approval for a study involving human participants?
The study can proceed without any issues
The study may be considered unethical and illegal
The study will automatically receive funding
The study will be published in a journal
How does an IRB contribute to the ethical conduct of research?
By providing financial support
By reviewing research proposals to ensure they meet ethical standards
By conducting the research themselves
By publishing research findings
What is one of the main ethical principles that an IRB considers when reviewing research proposals?
The speed of data collection
The potential for financial gain
The welfare and rights of participants
The popularity of the research topic
Why might an IRB include scientists as members?
To ensure the research is profitable
To provide scientific expertise and assess the validity of the research
To manage the institution’s finances
To recruit participants for the study
What is the significance of federal support in research involving human participants?
It guarantees the research will be successful
It requires the institution to have an IRB
It allows the research to bypass ethical guidelines
It ensures the research is published
Describe the process an IRB follows to approve a research proposal.
It automatically approves all proposals
It reviews proposals to ensure they meet ethical guidelines and protect participants
It conducts the research itself
It only approves proposals from well-known researchers
What is the role of an informed consent form in research?
To provide a detailed description of the research findings
To inform participants about the research and obtain their voluntary participation
To guarantee participants will receive a reward
To ensure the research is published
How does the composition of an IRB enhance its effectiveness?
By including only scientists
By having a diverse group of members including administrators, scientists, and community members
By focusing solely on financial aspects
By excluding community input
