WorksheetsImmune Response Study Guide
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 10mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
Which statement correctly applies to both bacteria and viruses?
a)
Both can be killed by antibiotics
b)
Both require a host cell to reproduce
c)
Both are visible with a compound light microscope
d)
Both contain genetic material
2.
Why do doctors refuse to prescribe antibiotics for viral infections such as the common cold?
a)
Viruses are too small to be affected
b)
Virus lack the structures (cell wall, ribosomes) that antibiotics target
c)
Antibiotics cause viruses to mutate faster
d)
Viral infections always resolve faster without treatment
3.
A pathogen that can only reproduce inside a living host cell is classified as
a)
a bacterium
b)
a fungus
c)
an obligate intracellular parasite
d)
a prion
4.
Which of the following is a component of the first line of defense?
a)
Antibody production
b)
Lysozyme in tears and saliva
c)
Phagocytosis by neutrophils
d)
Memory T-cells
5.
The redness and warmth at an infection site are primarily caused by
a)
increased blood flow due to histamine release
b)
muscle contraction around the wound
c)
complement protein activation
d)
T-cell infiltration
6.
Which immune response does NOT improve after a previous exposure to the same pathogen?
a)
Speed of antibody production
b)
Strength of inflammatory response
c)
Number of memory cells
d)
Activity of natural killer cells
7.
A person recovers from influenza strain A. A new strain appears with slightly altered surface proteins. Their existing antibodies provide little protection. This is an example of
a)
antigenic drift
b)
antigenic shift
c)
immune suppression
d)
original antigenic sin
8.
Tears, saliva, and stomach acid are best classified as
a)
physical barriers
b)
chemical barriers
c)
mechanical barriers
d)
cellular barriers
9.
What is the main purpose of fever during an infection?
a)
To make the body too hot for pathogens to survive
b)
To slow bacterial growth and enhance immune cell activity
c)
To increase sweating and flush toxins
d)
To directly kill viruses
10.
Which cells are responsible for directly killing virus-infected body cells?
a)
Plasma cells
b)
Helper T-cells
c)
Cytotoxic T-cells
d)
Macrophages
11.
Vaccines work primarily by
a)
providing ready-made antibodies
b)
training the immune system to produce memory cells
c)
activating the complement system
d)
killing pathogens before they enter cells
12.
Which of the following is a second-line (nonspecific) defense mechanism?
a)
Production of specific antibodies
b)
The inflammatory response
c)
Antigen presentation by dendritic cells
d)
Skin as a barrier
13.
A bacterium that survives and grows in a petri dish containing penicillin most likely possesses
a)
antibiotic resistance
b)
viral genes
c)
a thicker capsule
d)
more ribosomes
14.
Mucus in the respiratory tract and the coughing reflex are examples of
a)
first-line defenses
b)
second-line defenses
c)
third-line defenses
d)
adaptive immunity
15.
What happens when a macrophage first encounters a virus?
a)
It immediately produces antibodies
b)
It engulfs the virus, processes its antigens, and presents them to helper T-cells
c)
It is destroyed by the virus
d)
It releases perforin
16.
The ability of the immune system to “remember” a previous infection and respond faster the second time is due to
a)
memory B and T cells
b)
increased mucus production
c)
larger numbers of neutrophils
d)
permanent fever
17.
Why can the same person get the flu multiple times despite having immunity to previous strains?
a)
Influenza viruses undergo frequent antigenic changes
b)
Memory cells only last a few weeks
c)
The flu is actually a bacterial infection
d)
Antibodies are destroyed by fever
18.
Which molecule causes blood vessels to become leaky during inflammation?
a)
Antibody
b)
Complement
c)
Histamine
d)
Interferon
19.
Attenuated vaccines contain
a)
dead pathogens
b)
toxoids
c)
live but weakened pathogens
d)
purified antigens only
20.
After recovering from chickenpox, a person usually has lifelong immunity because
a)
the virus is completely eliminated from the body
b)
memory T and B cells remain in the body and recognize the varicella-zoster virus
c)
antibodies stay in the blood forever
d)
the skin barrier becomes stronger
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